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Energies
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HVDC Grid Technologies: Present and Future
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HVDC Grid Technologies: Present and Future

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F: Electrical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (8 May 2022) | Viewed by 10016

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Bangwook Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Electronics and System Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
Interests: Smart Power Device and System, DC Power Device and System, Smart Grid, Development and Applications of Superconducting Electric Devices

Special Issue Information

Currently, the most important challenges for transmission grids is the integration of a large amount of renewable energy sources (RESs) and power grid interconnections via HVDC transmission technologies. To optimize the use of these sustainable resources and provide reliable power corridors between countries, which is referred to as an HVDC supergrid, new power grids based on HVDC grids must be constructed and existing HVAC grids must be incorporated into HVDC transmission lines. HVDC technologies are available today, using either voltage sourced converters (VSCs) or line commutated converters (LCCs). HVDC electric equipment has been developed for optimal direct current (DC) use. However, the establishment of HVDC grids is a challenging task that requires interconnection of the existing HVAC grid, development of HVDC circuit breaker and protection technologies, DC insulation, and coordination. The fast development of HVDC technology has led to a new concept of electrical power grids. This Special Issue aims to encourage researchers to find solutions to the challenging issues of present HVDC grids and to imagine future HVDC grids.

Prof. Bangwook Lee
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • LCC, VSC, HVDC technology 
  • HVDC uspergrid 
  • New theory, topology of HVDC transmission 
  • HVDC power grid, AC/DC hybrid power grid 
  • HVDC equipment advances, including converter, transformer, DC circuit breaker, overhead lines, subsea and underground cables 
  • HVDC grid control, protection, and measurement 
  • HVDC insulation, coordination, and protection

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 5289 KiB  
Article
Numerical Analysis of Electric Field Characteristics and Interfacial Pressure of HVDC XLPE Cable Joint Considering Load Cycles
by Sun-Jin Kim, Do-Gyu Lee, Jae-Hyung Kim and Bang-Wook Lee
Energies 2022, 15(13), 4684; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15134684 - 26 Jun 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1481
Abstract
Recent innovations in HVDC extruded cable systems require the development of reliable and safe cable accessories. Cable accessories are made of several insulating materials and contain several interfaces. Interfaces made of different materials can cause electric field distortion and localized enhancement of the [...] Read more.
Recent innovations in HVDC extruded cable systems require the development of reliable and safe cable accessories. Cable accessories are made of several insulating materials and contain several interfaces. Interfaces made of different materials can cause electric field distortion and localized enhancement of the field. In addition, the internal temperature profiles of accessories differ depending on load conditions or installation environments, which may lead to an increase in or loss of interfacial pressure due to changes in the mechanical properties of materials. The loss of interfacial pressure degrades the contact state between materials. The micro voids formed due to pressure loss can cause partial discharge and tree, which in turn can lead to reduced lifespan and failure of the cable system. Therefore, it is necessary to study the electrical and mechanical characteristics of cable accessories considering various transient states. However, there is a limit to experimentally analyzing the actual structure. In this paper, electric field and mechanical stress for pre-molded cable joints were analyzed using an electrical model based on the conductivity of the material and a mechanical model based on elastic theory. Temperature fluctuations were simulated according to the sequence of the cable load cycle test, and time-varying electric fields and mechanical stresses were analyzed. From the simulation results, it was confirmed that the electric field and stress distribution in the joint continuously changed according to the heating and cooling periods. In addition, during the cooling cycle, the field strength at the interface near the conductor increased and the interface pressure decreased. In conclusion, it is important to ensure sufficient initial pressure so that the dielectric strength at the interface does not decrease even if there is a loss of interface pressure due to temperature fluctuations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue HVDC Grid Technologies: Present and Future)
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16 pages, 4704 KiB  
Article
Calculation Method of Allowable Continuous Current for Direct Burial Laying HVDC Underground Cable
by Kyu-hoon Park, Il Kwon and Bang-wook Lee
Energies 2021, 14(19), 6431; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14196431 - 8 Oct 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 5382
Abstract
The calculation of the continuous allowable current of an underground cable is determined by various characteristics. To calculate the allowable current in cables with alternating magnetic fields such as AC, special phenomena such as the proximity effect and skin effect must be applied. [...] Read more.
The calculation of the continuous allowable current of an underground cable is determined by various characteristics. To calculate the allowable current in cables with alternating magnetic fields such as AC, special phenomena such as the proximity effect and skin effect must be applied. However, there are no standards or research related to the calculation of the continuous allowable current of a DC power cable that does not have an alternating magnetic field. In this paper, a quantitative DC cable continuous allowable current calculation formula of direct burial laying was derived by applying the existing AC cable continuous allowable current calculation method to the DC system. We developed a calculation tool that can calculate the continuous allowable current of DC cables using the derived formula. Assuming the cable conditions (cable specification, laying conditions, soil characteristics, arrangement, and number of strands, etc.), a continuous allowable current simulation of DC cables was performed. In addition, the level of contribution to the continuous allowable current value was analyzed by classifying the parameter categories into major and minor factors in the order of influence on the allowable current among the determined calculated parameters. As a result, the effectiveness of the DC cable continuous allowable current calculation tool derived by performing the allowable current calculation simulation was evaluated, and the allowable current calculation method of the HVDC cable was established. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue HVDC Grid Technologies: Present and Future)
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18 pages, 4553 KiB  
Article
Interoperability of Modular Multilevel and Alternate Arm Converters in Hybrid HVDC Systems
by Harith R. Wickramasinghe, Pingyang Sun and Georgios Konstantinou
Energies 2021, 14(5), 1363; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14051363 - 2 Mar 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2380
Abstract
This paper demonstrates the interoperability of an emerging alternate arm converter (AAC) with the state-of-the-art modular multilevel converter (MMC) in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems based on a hybrid VSC-HVDC system. The paper also showcases the parameter derivation of the hybrid HVDC system [...] Read more.
This paper demonstrates the interoperability of an emerging alternate arm converter (AAC) with the state-of-the-art modular multilevel converter (MMC) in high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems based on a hybrid VSC-HVDC system. The paper also showcases the parameter derivation of the hybrid HVDC system and its detailed control structure. The study provides preliminary steps towards detailed analysis of AAC interoperability in complex hybrid dc grid configurations. A detailed set of results based on the 800 MVA hybrid voltage source converter (VSC)-HVDC system showcases the interoperability performance of the AAC under different operating scenarios and verifies its associated control functions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue HVDC Grid Technologies: Present and Future)
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