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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "B: Energy and Environment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 May 2025 | Viewed by 9289

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Remigiusz Jasiński

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Civil and Transport Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan, Poland
Interests: exhaust emissions; jet engines

Prof. Dr. Jacek Pielecha

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Faculty of Civil and Transport Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Piotrowo 3, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
Interests: new mobility; electrification; hydrogenization; transport; traction battery; green energy
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Dear Colleagues,

In times of dynamic technological and industrial progress, humanity faces the problem of air quality and global warming. The emission of greenhouse gases of anthropogenic origin can accelerate the warming of the planet by up to several degrees Celsius per 100 years. This is associated with great danger to humans and animals. A completely separate issue is air pollution resulting, among others, from the emission of toxic compounds from transport sources. New solutions related to exhaust gas aftertreatment, sustainable aviation fuels, and electrification of transport is leading to success in ecological challenges faced by humanity. The purpose of this Special Issue is to present the latest scientific achievements related to the methods of reducing exhaust emissions as well as the scientific analysis of processes related to the formation of pollutants. It is the responsibility of the scientific community to work for the climate and air quality. That is why I encourage you, dear colleagues, to work together and present your achievements.

Dr. Remigiusz Jasiński
Prof. Dr. Jacek Pielecha
Guest Editors

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Keywords

combustion engines
exhaust emissions
aftertreatment systems
real driving emissions
hybrid systems
sustainable aviation fuels
energy efficiency improvements
hydrogen technology
life-cycle assessment
marine powertrains
new emissions rules and standards
global warming
air quality

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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20 pages, 9558 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing Thermal Performance Investigations of a Methane-Fueled Planar Micro-Combustor with a Counter-Flow Flame Configuration

by Liaoliao Li, Yuze Sun, Xinyu Huang, Lixian Guo and Xinyu Zhao

Energies 2025, 18(1), 195; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18010195 - 5 Jan 2025

Viewed by 700

Abstract

To enhance the performance of combustors in micro thermophotovoltaic systems, this study employs numerical simulations to investigate a planar microscale combustor featuring a counter-flow flame configuration. The analysis begins with an evaluation of the effects of (1) equivalence ratio Φ and (2) inlet [...] Read more.

{\bar{T}}_{w}

), wall temperature non-uniformity (

{\bar{R}}_{T w}

) and radiation efficiency (

η_{r}

). The findings indicate that increasing Φ causes these parameters to initially increase and subsequently decrease. Similarly, increasing the inlet flow rate leads to a monotonic decline in

η_{r}

, while the

{\bar{T}}_{w}

and

{\bar{R}}_{T w}

exhibit a rise-then-fall trend. A comparative study between the proposed combustor and a conventional planar combustor reveals that, under identical inlet flow rate and equivalence ratio conditions, the use of the counterflow flame configuration can increase the

{\bar{T}}_{w}

while reducing the

{\bar{R}}_{T w}

. The Nusselt number analysis shows that the counter-flow flame configuration micro-combustor achieves a larger area with positive Nusselt numbers and higher average Nusselt numbers, which highlights improved heat transfer from the fluid to the solid. Furthermore, the comparison of blow-off limits shows that the combustor with counter-flow flame configuration exhibits superior flame stability and a broader flammability range. Overall, this study provides a preliminary investigation into the use of counter-flow flame configurations in microscale combustors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Research Trends of Exhaust Emissions)

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18 pages, 4682 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Energy Consumption Depending on the Material and Construction Solutions and the Energy Carrier Used—A Case Study

by Grzegorz Nawalany, Paweł Sokołowski, Tomasz Jakubowski and Atilgan Atilgan

Energies 2024, 17(24), 6460; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17246460 - 22 Dec 2024

Viewed by 677

Abstract

The article presents the results of research on the impact of material and construction solutions on energy demand and greenhouse gas emissions. Field research was conducted in an existing free-standing greenhouse located in southern Poland. The research period covered the entire calendar year. The measurement data were used in the next step to validate the computational model using the numerical method of elementary balances. The data distribution was also analyzed in terms of basic statistics. The validated and verified model was used in the further part of the analysis to conduct computer simulations for three variants, differing in terms of material and construction solutions. The variants included: no foundation insulation, extruded polystyrene (XPS) insulation and the use of single-chamber polycarbonate panels with thermal insulation of the foundations. The obtained results showed a high agreement between theoretical and real data (85–89% for the coefficient of determination (R²) and 84–88% for the GOF method). In the case of variant 1, which in terms of material and construction solutions corresponded to the actual construction of the greenhouse, it was found that the annual energy demand for heating purposes amounted to 153,234 kWh/year. In variant 2, in which additional thermal insulation relative to the zero state was used, the energy demand for heating purposes was lower and amounted to 147,704 kWh/year. The lowest heat load was characteristic of variant 3, in which 116,294 kWh/year was required to cover heating needs. The variant with polycarbonate and foundation insulation brought energy savings of 24% and a reduction of CO₂ emissions by 24%. In addition, replacing fuel from hard coal with natural gas brought significant benefits, reducing pollutant emissions by 51%. The paper is a new approach to the use of the mentioned numerical method for the assessment of gaseous pollutant emissions in this type of building based on numerical simulations of energy consumption. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Research Trends of Exhaust Emissions)

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30 pages, 12733 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Green Energy Transportation Systems on Urban Air Quality: A Predictive Analysis Using Spatiotemporal Deep Learning Techniques

by Rafia Mumtaz, Arslan Amin, Muhammad Ajmal Khan, Muhammad Daud Abdullah Asif, Zahid Anwar and Muhammad Jawad Bashir

Energies 2023, 16(16), 6087; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16166087 - 21 Aug 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4418

Abstract

Transitioning to green energy transport systems, notably electric vehicles, is crucial to both combat climate change and enhance urban air quality in developing nations. Urban air quality is pivotal, given its impact on health, necessitating accurate pollutant forecasting and emission reduction strategies to ensure overall well-being. This study forecasts the influence of green energy transport systems on the air quality in Lahore and Islamabad, Pakistan, while noting the projected surge in electric vehicle adoption from less than 1% to 10% within three years. Predicting the impact of this change involves analyzing data before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic. The lockdown led to minimal fossil fuel vehicle usage, resembling a green energy transportation scenario. The novelty of this work is twofold. Firstly, remote sensing data from the Sentinel-5P satellite were utilized to predict air quality index (AQI) trends before, during, and after COVID-19. Secondly, deep learning models, including long short-term memory (LSTM) and bidirectional LSTM, and machine learning models, including decision tree and random forest regression, were utilized to forecast the levels of NO

_{2}

, SO

_{2}

, and CO in the atmosphere. Our results demonstrate that implementing green energy transportation systems in urban centers of developing countries can enhance air quality by approximately 98%. Notably, the bidirectional LSTM model outperformed others in predicting NO

_{2}

and SO

_{2}

concentrations, while the LSTM model excelled in forecasting CO concentration. These results offer valuable insights into predicting air pollution levels and guiding green energy policies to mitigate the adverse health effects of air pollution. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Research Trends of Exhaust Emissions)

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16 pages, 3757 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of the Internal Combustion Engine Thermal State during Start-Up on the Exhaust Emissions in the Homologation Test

by Monika Andrych-Zalewska, Zdzislaw Chlopek, Jerzy Merkisz and Jacek Pielecha

Energies 2023, 16(4), 1937; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16041937 - 15 Feb 2023

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2369

Abstract

Due to the increasingly restrictive exhaust emissions requirements from conventional vehicles, the internal combustion engine start-up seems to be most important part of engine operation. The period immediately after starting the engine is the time when the exhaust emissions are highest, thus, this aspect is currently subject to heavy analysis. The article evaluates the impact of the engine thermal state during its start-up for a Euro 5 emission class vehicle type approval test. The engine thermal state during start-up turned out to have a crucial influence (throughout the approval test) on the results of the hydrocarbons road emission (a difference of about 1500%) and the road emission of carbon monoxide (63%). The remaining road exhaust emission values were less sensitive to the thermal state of the engine during start-up—the nitrogen oxides emission value increased by 18% (for a cold start compared to a hot start), and the road fuel consumption (and thus the emission of carbon dioxide) increased by about 6%. In conclusion, the authors refer to technical solutions that may have a significant impact on reducing the exhaust emissions in the considered period of engine cold start. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Research Trends of Exhaust Emissions)

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