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Energies
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Wireless Sensors Networks: Alternative Power Supply, Signal Transmission—Current State and...
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Wireless Sensors Networks: Alternative Power Supply, Signal Transmission—Current State and Development Prospects

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A1: Smart Grids and Microgrids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 April 2023) | Viewed by 4542

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Andrzej Michalski

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Guest Editor
Electrical Engineering Department, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
Interests: wireless sensor networks; electrical measurements of non-electrical parameters; sensors; IoT
Prof. Dr. Zbigniew Watral

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Electronics Department, Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
Interests: power systems; energy harvesting; sensor; renewable energy sources
Dr. Łukasz Makowski

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Electrical Engineering Department, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
Interests: sensor networks, internet of things, IoT

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The issue of wireless sensor networks is one of the most dynamically developing branches of modern metrology. In wireless sensor networks, two issues require detailed analysis. These are ensuring a continuous and stable power supply to the measuring node, and optimization of algorithms controlling its operation. In the case of power supply, energy harvesting generators are an increasingly common alternative to battery power. The problem of algorithms comes down to ensuring the energy-saving operation of the node, taking into account the optimal two-way information transmission. Both these problems are constantly analyzed, and it can be concluded that the observed progress is noticeable. In the case of alternative power sources, an increasing amount are being produced from readily available kinetic and thermal energy resources. This is very visible in the example of systems used to monitor patients’ health condition or advanced training of athletes, where natural movement and the temperature difference are a source of electricity. This Special Issue aims to present the latest trends in both of these issues and to show the likely path of development of wireless sensor networks. We are collecting articles on a wide spectrum of issues related to the proposed topic. The presented scope of the potential topics of the submitted papers should be widely understood. Each paper on this topic will be analyzed in detail and, after receiving positive reviews, published in this Special Issue of Energies.

The thematic scope can be found below:

  • Design of energy-saving sensors of non-electrical quantities;
  • Information processing algorithms for wireless sensor networks;
  • Experimental research on sensor networks;
  • Energy-saving methods of signal transmission;
  • Applications of wireless sensor networks in monitoring environmental and health parameters;
  • Energy harvesting, and linear and nonlinear generators;
  • The use of physical phenomena as a potential source of electricity;
  • Signal conditioning at measurement nodes;
  • Batteries and energy storage for wireless sensor networks.

Prof. Dr. Andrzej Michalski
Prof. Dr. Zbigniew Watral
Dr. Łukasz Makowski
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • wireless sensor networks
  • energy harvesting generators
  • energy-saving methods of signal transmission
  • batteries
  • energy storage
  • systems for wireless health monitoring
  • systems for wireless climate control.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 1262 KiB  
Article
A Compensation Model for Packet Loss Using Kalman Filter in Wireless Network Control Systems
by Carlos Alexandre Gouvea da Silva and Edson Leonardo dos Santos
Energies 2023, 16(8), 3329; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16083329 - 8 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1091
Abstract
In Wireless Network Control System (WNCS), a study approach is relevant for the development and analysis of control strategies that provide the operation of dynamic systems. Among the real characteristics of the communication channels, a packet loss is one of the main deficiencies [...] Read more.
In Wireless Network Control System (WNCS), a study approach is relevant for the development and analysis of control strategies that provide the operation of dynamic systems. Among the real characteristics of the communication channels, a packet loss is one of the main deficiencies present in the transmission of data in a wireless network. For a dynamic system in the presence of losses, a filtering technique makes it possible to estimate system states using process output measurements and to mitigate a performance drop. It is important to study packet losses in Wireless Network Control Systems because packet loss can severely degrade the network performance. Wireless networks are particularly vulnerable to packet loss due to factors such as interference, fading and signal attenuation. The present work analyzed the behavior of a real WNCS plant at different levels of packet loss using the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol. Also, we propose a compensation model for packet loss using the Kalman filter. The packet loss process is based on a Gilbert-Elliot model and is compared with a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller. The results show that by applying Kalman filters it is possible to improve the operation of the process in case of losses during data transmission. It was observed through the simulation that it is possible to reduce the error of the system output in relation to the reference in the presence of packet loss. For a loss ratio of 30%, the observed improvement in the system behavior with the use of the Kalman filter was 26.1%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Sensors Networks: Alternative Power Supply, Signal Transmission—Current State and Development Prospects)
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32 pages, 8044 KiB  
Article
The Use of Evolutionary Algorithms in the Modelling of Diffuse Radiation in Terms of Simulating the Energy Efficiency of Photovoltaic Systems
by Wiktor Olchowik, Jędrzej Gajek and Andrzej Michalski
Energies 2023, 16(6), 2744; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16062744 - 15 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1031
Abstract
In light of the rapidly growing number of photovoltaic micro-grids, the modelling of their short-term power yields based on meteorological measurements is increasing in significance. This requires the knowledge of total and diffuse instantaneous solar radiation; however, most meteorological stations conduct actinometric measurements [...] Read more.
In light of the rapidly growing number of photovoltaic micro-grids, the modelling of their short-term power yields based on meteorological measurements is increasing in significance. This requires the knowledge of total and diffuse instantaneous solar radiation; however, most meteorological stations conduct actinometric measurements only with regard to total solar radiation, especially on a minute scale. This paper contains an analysis of the currently used PV cell mathematical model and suggests its modification aimed at calculating PV cell power with satisfactory accuracy, without the knowledge of diffuse solar radiation. Three function families were proposed to approximate the relationship between diffuse irradiance and the total and theoretical total irradiance variance for a cloudless sky. A program has been implemented to identify functions from the aforementioned function families. It leverages an evolution strategy algorithm and a fitness function based on the least-squares point method. It was employed to calculate the desired functions based on actual measurement data. The outcome was the sought-after dependence that enables predicting diffuse irradiance based on more frequently available measurement data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Sensors Networks: Alternative Power Supply, Signal Transmission—Current State and Development Prospects)
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18 pages, 4938 KiB  
Article
Powering the WSN Node for Monitoring Rail Car Parameters, Using a Piezoelectric Energy Harvester
by Bogdan Dziadak, Mariusz Kucharek and Jacek Starzyński
Energies 2022, 15(5), 1641; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15051641 - 23 Feb 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 1678
Abstract
Monitoring of railroad wagons is important for logistical processes, but above all for safety. One of the key parameters to be monitored is the temperature of the axle box and the bearings in the bogie. The problem with monitoring these parameters is the [...] Read more.
Monitoring of railroad wagons is important for logistical processes, but above all for safety. One of the key parameters to be monitored is the temperature of the axle box and the bearings in the bogie. The problem with monitoring these parameters is the harsh environment and lack of power supply. In our research, we present a power supply system for a WSN node monitoring the bogie parameters. Knowing the operating conditions, we built a power supply system using a piezoelectric energy harvester. The harvester consists of three piezoelectric elements placed on a double arm pendulum beam. The circuit was modeled in the Comsol Multiphysics environment and then built and tested in laboratory conditions. After confirming energy efficiency, the system was tested on a freight car bogie during an 8 h trip. At typical car vibration frequencies (4–10 Hz), the system is able to generate 73 uW. Combined with an energy buffer of 1000 mAh (3.7 V), it can power a WSN node (based on the nRF5340 chip) for 13 years of operation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Sensors Networks: Alternative Power Supply, Signal Transmission—Current State and Development Prospects)
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