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Distributed Energy Resources in Transactive Energy Systems—2nd Edition

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "L: Energy Sources".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 August 2025 | Viewed by 1382

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Jeju National University, 102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
Interests: peer-to-peer transaction; distributed system operation; distributed renewables; virtual power plant; energy trading
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The number of distributed energy resources (DERs) connected to the distribution grid has increased in recent years, and this requires a change in the way current power system networks operate. Against this background, transactive energy has attracted extensive attention in terms of research as an active management scheme for prosumers through energy sharing and trading in power systems. However, it is a challenging task to design and build such a distributed and decentralized system because high-level system requirements must secured, such as market mechanisms for interactions between prosumers in the virtual layer, supporting technologies for the physical layer and interoperability across layers. This introduces the need for innovative methodologies to support a sustainable transaction model, an operation scheme for system reliability, regulation preventing conflicts of interest between stakeholders, and so on. In addition, it is also urgent to discuss supporting technologies, such as blockchains, power routing, smart metering, and digital twins, to realize transactive energy systems with DERs.

This Special Issue calls for original research articles, reviews, and case studies contributing to theories, frameworks, mechanism design, regulation, and supporting technologies for DERs in transactive energy systems. Topics to be covered in this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Distributed generation, renewable energy resources, smart grids, and microgrids.
  • Energy market designs, energy market mechanisms, energy pricing, and market regulation.
  • Transactive energy, peer-to-peer energy trading, virtual power plants, demand-side management, and incentive mechanisms.
  • Optimal market strategies and agent-based models.
  • Blockchains, power routing, and cybersecurity.

Dr. Young Gyu Jin
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • distributed generation, renewable energy resources, smart grids, and microgrids
  • energy market designs, energy market mechanisms, energy pricing, and market regulation
  • transactive energy, peer-to-peer energy trading, virtual power plants, demand-side management, and incentive mechanisms
  • optimal market strategies and agent-based models
  • blockchains, power routing, and cybersecurity

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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35 pages, 19616 KiB  
Article
Frequency-Adaptive Current Control of a Grid-Connected Inverter Based on Incomplete State Observation Under Severe Grid Conditions
by Min Kang, Sung-Dong Kim and Kyeong-Hwa Kim
Energies 2025, 18(8), 1879; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18081879 - 8 Apr 2025
Viewed by 206
Abstract
Grid-connected inverter (GCI) plays a crucial role in facilitating stable and efficient power delivery, especially under severe and complex grid conditions. Harmonic distortions and imbalance of the grid voltages may degrade the grid-injected current quality. Moreover, inductive-capacitance (LC) grid impedance and the grid [...] Read more.
Grid-connected inverter (GCI) plays a crucial role in facilitating stable and efficient power delivery, especially under severe and complex grid conditions. Harmonic distortions and imbalance of the grid voltages may degrade the grid-injected current quality. Moreover, inductive-capacitance (LC) grid impedance and the grid frequency fluctuation also degrade the current control performance or stability. In order to overcome such an issue, this study presents a frequency-adaptive current control strategy of a GCI based on incomplete state observation under severe grid conditions. When LC grid impedance exists, it introduces additional states in a GCI system model. However, since the state for the grid inductance current is unmeasurable, it yields a limitation in the state feedback control design. To overcome such a limitation, this study adopts a state feedback control approach based on incomplete state observation by designing the controller only with the available states. The proposed control strategy incorporates feedback controllers with ten states, an integral controller, and resonant controllers for the robustness of the inverter operation. To reduce the reliance on additional sensing devices, a discrete-time full-state current observer is utilized. Particularly, with the aim of avoiding the grid frequency dependency of the system model, as well as the complex online discretization process, observer design is developed in the stationary reference frame. Additionally, a moving average filter (MAF)-based phase-locked loop (PLL) is incorporated for accurate frequency detection against distortions of grid voltages. For evaluating the performance of the designed control strategy, simulations and experiments are executed with severe grid conditions, including grid frequency changes, unbalanced grid voltage, harmonic distortion, and LC grid impedance. Full article
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23 pages, 5915 KiB  
Article
Impact of Penalty Structures on Virtual Power Plants in a Day-Ahead Electricity Market
by Youngkook Song, Myeongju Chae, Yeonouk Chu, Yongtae Yoon and Younggyu Jin
Energies 2024, 17(23), 6042; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17236042 - 1 Dec 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 777
Abstract
The rapid increase in distributed energy resources has augmented the significance of virtual power plants (VPPs), which are essential for the aggregation and management of variable renewable energy resources (RERs). The inherent variability and uncertainty of RERs necessitate the implementation of deviation penalties [...] Read more.
The rapid increase in distributed energy resources has augmented the significance of virtual power plants (VPPs), which are essential for the aggregation and management of variable renewable energy resources (RERs). The inherent variability and uncertainty of RERs necessitate the implementation of deviation penalties to address the discrepancies between the awarded bids and actual generation, which is crucial in maintaining market stability and ensuring reliable grid operations. Therefore, this study proposes a framework for deviation penalty structures, categorizing penalties based on three factors: the penalty scope, penalty rate, and penalty coefficient. The simulation results show that the penalty scope significantly influences the revenue of VPPs, with over-generation penalty structures typically yielding higher profitability. Conversely, dual-sided penalty structures result in lower total revenues compared to one-sided penalty structures. For instance, when the penalty price coefficient is set to 0.1, the total revenue of a dual-sided penalty structure is approximately 62.26% lower than that of a one-sided penalty structure during the morning period. The results also demonstrate that deviation penalty structures have a direct impact on power deviations and curtailment behavior. Finally, we offer recommendations for the design of an effective penalty structure aimed at assisting policymakers and distributed system operators (DSOs) in structuring market mechanisms, which not only facilitate the integration of RERs but also enhance their economic viability within electricity markets. Full article
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