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Low Carbon Energy Generation and Utilization Technologies
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Low Carbon Energy Generation and Utilization Technologies

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "B3: Carbon Emission and Utilization".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 February 2025) | Viewed by 12950

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Weiqi Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Interests: energy system modeling; power system planning; energy policy; CO2 emissions reduction
Dr. Lingying Pan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Business School, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
Interests: energy system engineering; low-carbon development; energy-economy analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the continued growth in global energy demand and the intensification of the climate change problem caused by excessive CO2 emissions, the development of low-carbon energy technologies has become an important global consensus. Low-carbon energy technologies refer to energy technologies that reduce fossil fuel consumption and CO2 emissions in all aspects of energy production, transmission, utilization, and consumption, such as the development and utilization of new and renewable sources of energy, the efficient use of fossil energy sources, and carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS). The research and development of new, efficient, clean, and economical energy technologies can effectively reduce fossil fuel consumption and mitigate climate change, which is an important way to solve global environmental problems and is also of great significance in promoting regional economic development. This Special Issue will serve as a platform to exchange knowledge on the development of innovative devices, emerging technologies, system optimizations, practical implementations, and state-of-the-art analyses and findings in the area of “low carbon energy generation and utilization technologies”. It will contribute to fulfilling the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals.

Dr. Weiqi Li
Dr. Lingying Pan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • solar energy
  • wind energy
  • hydropower
  • biofuels
  • nuclear energy
  • hydrogen energy
  • hybrid energy systems
  • energy conversion
  • fuel cell technology
  • advanced energy technologies
  • carbon capture, utilization and storage
  • technology application and management

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 2888 KiB  
Article
Rheological Properties of Crude Oil and Produced Emulsion from CO2 Flooding
by Mingzheng Qiao, Fan Zhang and Weiqi Li
Energies 2025, 18(3), 739; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18030739 - 6 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 624
Abstract
Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) technology is recognized as a pivotal strategy to mitigate global climate change. The CO2 storage and enhanced oil recovery (CCUS-EOR) technology not only enhances oil recovery rates but also contributes to significant reductions in CO2 [...] Read more.
Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) technology is recognized as a pivotal strategy to mitigate global climate change. The CO2 storage and enhanced oil recovery (CCUS-EOR) technology not only enhances oil recovery rates but also contributes to significant reductions in CO2 emissions, with significant social and economic benefits. This paper examines the application of CO2-EOR technology in both enhancing oil recovery and facilitating geological CO2 storage, and analyzes its implementation status and differences in the United States and China. Through experimental investigations conducted in a specific oilfield, we analyze the effects of dissolved CO2 on the viscosity–temperature characteristics, yield value under pressure, stability, and rheological properties of crude oil and produced fluids. Additionally, we assess the demulsification effectiveness of various demulsifiers. Our findings indicate that both dissolved CO2 in crude oil and emulsions exhibit non-Newtonian fluid behavior characterized by shear thinning, and the viscosity decreases with the increase in temperature and pressure. Furthermore, the presence of dissolved CO2 exacerbates the oil–water separation phenomenon in produced fluids, thereby diminishing emulsion stability. The increase in emulsion concentration and the increase in emulsification temperature are both conducive to improving the emulsification rate. These research results provide critical insights for pipeline design and pump selection in oilfield production processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low Carbon Energy Generation and Utilization Technologies)
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35 pages, 5075 KiB  
Article
Variable-Speed Hydropower Control and Ancillary Services: A Remedy for Enhancing Grid Stability and Flexibility
by Cagatay Cebeci, Max Parker, Luis Recalde-Camacho, David Campos-Gaona and Olimpo Anaya-Lara
Energies 2025, 18(3), 642; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18030642 - 30 Jan 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 709
Abstract
Variable-Speed Hydropower Plants (VSHP) are becoming more promising for stabilising power grids with the increasing integration of renewable energy sources. This research focuses on improving fault ride-through capabilities and delivering efficient ancillary services for VSHPs to support the grid by developing a comprehensive [...] Read more.
Variable-Speed Hydropower Plants (VSHP) are becoming more promising for stabilising power grids with the increasing integration of renewable energy sources. This research focuses on improving fault ride-through capabilities and delivering efficient ancillary services for VSHPs to support the grid by developing a comprehensive control strategy. The control system proposed integrates a machine-side controller, a Frequency Support Controller (FSC), a Virtual Synchronous Machine (VSM), a Vector Current Controller (VCC) for the grid-side converter, a turbine governor for regulating turbine speed, and a DC-link controller. PID with an anti-windup scheme and a Model Predictive Controller (MPC) were employed for the turbine governor. The MPC turbine governor results demonstrate the potential of advanced control methods for enhanced performance of the VSHP. A benchmarking between the MPC and the PID governor was made. The benchmarking results have reported that the MPC can achieve reference tracking improvements up to 99.42%. Tests on a diverse set of grid scenarios were conducted, and the graphical results showed significant improvements in mitigating the frequency drops through the effective governor response. The synthetic inertia provision is swift, completing within seconds of a frequency drop. Compared to the fixed-speed approach, the VSHP improves the grid’s overall stability by minimising frequency dipping and achieving steady-state recovery remarkably faster. The fixed-speed approach only begins to recover minutes after the VSHP reaches the settling time. By effectively providing critical ancillary services such as frequency support, synthetic inertia, and smooth fault ride-through capability, the VSHP can become a transformative solution for future power grids, which are estimated to be more reliant on renewable energy sources. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low Carbon Energy Generation and Utilization Technologies)
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20 pages, 2838 KiB  
Article
An Evolutionary Game Model of Market Participants and Government in Carbon Trading Markets with Virtual Power Plant Strategies
by Yayun Yang and Lingying Pan
Energies 2024, 17(17), 4464; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17174464 - 5 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1195
Abstract
The utilization of conventional energy sources commonly leads to heightened energy consumption and the generation of specific forms of environmental pollution. As an innovative power management and dispatch system, virtual power plants (VPPs) have the potential to significantly enhance the flexibility and stability [...] Read more.
The utilization of conventional energy sources commonly leads to heightened energy consumption and the generation of specific forms of environmental pollution. As an innovative power management and dispatch system, virtual power plants (VPPs) have the potential to significantly enhance the flexibility and stability of power systems, while supporting carbon reduction targets by integrating distributed energy resources (DERs), energy management systems (EMSs), and energy storage systems (ESSs), which have attracted much attention in the power industry in recent years. Consequently, it can effectively address the variability and management challenges introduced by renewable energy. Furthermore, optimizing power market dispatch and user-side power management plays a pivotal role in promoting the transition of the energy industry towards sustainable development. The current study highlights the unresolved issue of strategic decision-making among market participants, such as energy companies, generation companies, and power distribution companies, despite the potentially significant benefits of VPPs. These entities must carefully evaluate the costs and benefits associated with adopting a VPP. Additionally, governments face the complex task of assessing the feasibility and effectiveness of providing subsidies to incentivize VPP adoption. Previous research has not adequately explored the long-term evolution of these decisions in a dynamic market environment, leading to a lack of adequate understanding of optimal strategies for market participants and regulators. This paper addresses this critical research gap by introducing an innovative bilateral evolutionary game model that integrates VPP and carbon trading markets. By utilizing the model, simulation experiments are carried out to compare different strategic decisions and analyze the stability and long-term evolution of these strategies. Research findings indicate that the adoption of VPP technology by market participants, in conjunction with government policies, results in an average 90% increase in market participants’ earnings, while government revenues see a 35% rise. This approach provides an alternative method for understanding the dynamic interactions between market participants and government policy, offering both theoretical and practical insights. The findings significantly contribute to the literature by proposing a robust framework for integrating VPPs into electricity markets, while offering valuable guidance to policymakers and market participants in developing effective strategies to support the sustainable energy transition. The application of this model has not only enhanced the understanding of market dynamics in theory, but also provided quantitative support for strategic decisions under different market conditions in practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low Carbon Energy Generation and Utilization Technologies)
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14 pages, 167685 KiB  
Article
A Two-Stage Twisted Blade μ-Vertical Axis Wind Turbine: An Enhanced Savonius Rotor Design
by Andrés Pérez-Terrazo, Martin Moreno, Iván Trejo-Zúñiga and José Alberto López
Energies 2024, 17(12), 2835; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17122835 - 8 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1818
Abstract
Wind turbines are a solution for sustainable energy, significantly reducing carbon emissions and fostering a circular economy for more cost-effective and cleaner power generation, in line with worldwide environmental aspirations. In this context, this research aims to explore a novel two-stage, twisted-blade micro-Vertical-Axis [...] Read more.
Wind turbines are a solution for sustainable energy, significantly reducing carbon emissions and fostering a circular economy for more cost-effective and cleaner power generation, in line with worldwide environmental aspirations. In this context, this research aims to explore a novel two-stage, twisted-blade micro-Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine (μ-VAWT)alternative inspired by the Savonius Rotor (SR). This investigation utilizes the κ−ω SST turbulence model to explore the power coefficient (CP) and torque coefficient (CT), finding CP values ranging from 0.02 to 0.08 across the turbine by altering the free stream velocity (V). CT analysis further delves into four specific sections, highlighting areas of particular interest. These results are validated by examining velocity contours, pressure contours, and streamlines in four horizontal sections, demonstrating that the proposed turbine model exhibits minimal torque fluctuation. Moreover, the analysis of vertical wind streamlines illustrates very low interference with various wind turbine proposals, underscoring the turbine’s efficiency and potential for integration into diverse wind energy projects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low Carbon Energy Generation and Utilization Technologies)
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Review

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25 pages, 2936 KiB  
Review
Performance of Robust Type-2 Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control Compared to Various Conventional Controls of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator for Wind Power Conversion Systems
by Riyadh Rouabhi, Abdelghafour Herizi and Ali Djerioui
Energies 2024, 17(15), 3778; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17153778 - 31 Jul 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1165
Abstract
This paper presents a novel hybrid type-2 fuzzy sliding mode control approach for regulating active and reactive power exchanged with the utility grid by a doubly-fed induction generator in a wind energy conversion system. The main objective of this hybridization is to eliminate [...] Read more.
This paper presents a novel hybrid type-2 fuzzy sliding mode control approach for regulating active and reactive power exchanged with the utility grid by a doubly-fed induction generator in a wind energy conversion system. The main objective of this hybridization is to eliminate the steady-state chattering phenomenon inherent in sliding mode control while improving the transient delays caused by type-2 fuzzy controllers. In addition, the proposed control approach has proven to be successful in coping with varying generator parameters and exhibited good reference tracking. An in-depth comparative study with state-of-the-art advanced control techniques is also the focus of the present paper. The comparative study has three objectives, namely: a qualitative comparative study that aims to compare response times and reference tracking capabilities; a quantitative evaluation that takes into account time-integrated performance criteria; and finally, robustness capabilities. The simulation results, carried out in the Matlab/Simulink environment, have demonstrated the effectiveness and best performance of the proposed hybrid type-2 fuzzy sliding mode control with respect to other advanced techniques included in the comparison study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low Carbon Energy Generation and Utilization Technologies)
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17 pages, 1408 KiB  
Review
A Comprehensive Review of Syngas Production, Fuel Properties, and Operational Parameters for Biomass Conversion
by Saaida Khlifi, Victor Pozzobon and Marzouk Lajili
Energies 2024, 17(15), 3646; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17153646 - 24 Jul 2024
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 6276
Abstract
This study aims to provide an overview of the growing need for renewable energy conversion and aligns with the broader context of environmentally friendly energy, specifically through producing syngas from biomass. Unlike natural gas, which is mainly composed of methane, syngas contains a [...] Read more.
This study aims to provide an overview of the growing need for renewable energy conversion and aligns with the broader context of environmentally friendly energy, specifically through producing syngas from biomass. Unlike natural gas, which is mainly composed of methane, syngas contains a mixture of combustible CO, H2, and CnHm. Therefore, optimizing its production requires a thorough examination of various operational parameters such as the gasifying agent, the equivalence ratio, the biofuel type, and the state, particularly in densified forms like pellets or briquettes. As new biomass sources are continually discovered and tested, operational parameters are also constantly evaluated, and new techniques are continuously developed. Indeed, these techniques include different gasifier types and the use or non-use of catalysts during biofuel conversion. The present study focuses on these critical aspects to examine their effect on the efficiency of syngas production. It is worth mentioning that syngas is the primary gaseous product from gasification. Moreover, it is essential to note that the pyrolysis process (prior to gasification) can produce, in addition to tar and char, a mixture of gases. The common feature among these gases is their versatility in energy generation, heat production, and chemical synthesis. The analysis encompasses the resulting gas features, including the yield and composition, mainly through the hydrogen-to-carbon monoxide ratio and the carbon monoxide-to-carbon dioxide ratio, as well as the lower heating value and considerations of the tar yield. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Low Carbon Energy Generation and Utilization Technologies)
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