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Microgrid Energy Management

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A1: Smart Grids and Microgrids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2020) | Viewed by 26654

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Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, Cassino, Italy
Interests: power systems; analysis of the transmission and distribution unbalanced systems; power quality issues, with particular attention to the voltage sags; development of the distribution networks towards the smart grids
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The Guest Editor is inviting submissions to a Special Issue of Energies on the subject area of “Microgrid Energy Management”. The microgrids must meet several needs and expectations of customers and of the various stakeholders involved in the electrical energy chain. This heterogeneity requires identifying energy management so that it is able to address a variety of targets related to efficiency, power quality, resiliency, and affordability. Energy management should carefully take into account the presence of distributed energy resources (i.e., wind and solar energy sources) and of loads (e.g., plug-in electric vehicles) which are, for example, responsible for line overloading and critical voltage profiles.

This Special Issue will deal with innovative strategies for the management of microgrids. Topics of interest for publication include but are not limited to the following:

  • Distributed energy resources;
  • Energy storage systems;
  • Active demand;
  • Optimization methods;
  • Resiliency and affordability of power systems;
  • Power quality;
  • Control strategies.

Prof. Dr. Pietro Varilone
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • distributed energy resources
  • energy storage systems
  • microgrids
  • dispersed storage and generation
  • optimization methods
  • power quality
  • control strategies
  • scheduling

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

28 pages, 5802 KiB  
Article
An Evaluation of the Economic and Resilience Benefits of a Microgrid in Northampton, Massachusetts
by Patrick Balducci, Kendall Mongird, Di Wu, Dexin Wang, Vanshika Fotedar and Robert Dahowski
Energies 2020, 13(18), 4802; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13184802 - 14 Sep 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2548
Abstract
Recent developments and advances in distributed energy resource (DER) technologies make them valuable assets in microgrids. This paper presents an innovative evaluation framework for microgrid assets to capture economic benefits from various grid and behind-the-meter services in grid-connecting mode and resilience benefits in [...] Read more.
Recent developments and advances in distributed energy resource (DER) technologies make them valuable assets in microgrids. This paper presents an innovative evaluation framework for microgrid assets to capture economic benefits from various grid and behind-the-meter services in grid-connecting mode and resilience benefits in islanding mode. In particular, a linear programming formulation is used to model different services and DER operational constraints to determine the optimal DER dispatch to maximize economic benefits. For the resiliency analysis, a stochastic evaluation procedure is proposed to explicitly quantify the microgrid survivability against a random outage, considering uncertainties associated with photovoltaic (PV) generation, system load, and distributed generator failures. Optimal coordination strategies are developed to minimize unserved energy and improve system survivability, considering different levels of system connectedness. The proposed framework has been applied to evaluate a proposed microgrid in Northampton, Massachusetts that would link the Northampton Department of Public Works, Cooley Dickenson Hospital, and Smith Vocational Area High School. The findings of this analysis indicate that over a 20-year economic life, a 441 kW/441 kWh battery energy storage system, and 386 kW PV solar array can generate $2.5 million in present value benefits, yielding a 1.16 return on investment ratio. Results of this study also show that forming a microgrid generally improves system survivability, but the resilience performance of individual facilities varies depending on power-sharing strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microgrid Energy Management)
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22 pages, 10231 KiB  
Article
Novel Improved Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Control of Inverter and Supervisory Energy Management System of a Microgrid
by Tariq Kamal, Murat Karabacak, Vedran S. Perić, Syed Zulqadar Hassan and Luis M. Fernández-Ramírez
Energies 2020, 13(18), 4721; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13184721 - 10 Sep 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1998
Abstract
In this paper, energy management and control of a microgrid is developed through supervisor and adaptive neuro-fuzzy wavelet-based control controllers considering real weather patterns and load variations. The supervisory control is applied to the entire microgrid using lower–top level arrangements. The top-level generates [...] Read more.
In this paper, energy management and control of a microgrid is developed through supervisor and adaptive neuro-fuzzy wavelet-based control controllers considering real weather patterns and load variations. The supervisory control is applied to the entire microgrid using lower–top level arrangements. The top-level generates the control signals considering the weather data patterns and load conditions, while the lower level controls the energy sources and power converters. The adaptive neuro-fuzzy wavelet-based controller is applied to the inverter. The new proposed wavelet-based controller improves the operation of the proposed microgrid as a result of the excellent localized characteristics of the wavelets. Simulations and comparison with other existing intelligent controllers, such as neuro-fuzzy controllers and fuzzy logic controllers, and classical PID controllers are used to present the improvements of the microgrid in terms of the power transfer, inverter output efficiency, load voltage frequency, and dynamic response. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microgrid Energy Management)
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24 pages, 4623 KiB  
Article
Development of Home Energy Management Scheme for a Smart Grid Community
by Md Mamun Ur Rashid, Fabrizio Granelli, Md. Alamgir Hossain, Md. Shafiul Alam, Fahad Saleh Al-Ismail, Ashish Kumar Karmaker and Md. Mijanur Rahaman
Energies 2020, 13(17), 4288; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13174288 - 19 Aug 2020
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4138
Abstract
The steady increase in energy demand for residential consumers requires an efficient energy management scheme. Utility organizations encourage household applicants to engage in residential energy management (REM) system. The utility’s primary goal is to reduce system peak load demand while consumer intends to [...] Read more.
The steady increase in energy demand for residential consumers requires an efficient energy management scheme. Utility organizations encourage household applicants to engage in residential energy management (REM) system. The utility’s primary goal is to reduce system peak load demand while consumer intends to reduce electricity bills. The benefits of REM can be enhanced with renewable energy sources (RESs), backup battery storage system (BBSS), and optimal power-sharing strategies. This paper aims to reduce energy usages and monetary cost for smart grid communities with an efficient home energy management scheme (HEMS). Normally, the residential consumer deals with numerous smart home appliances that have various operating time priorities depending on consumer preferences. In this paper, a cost-efficient power-sharing technique is developed which works based on priorities of appliances’ operating time. The home appliances are sorted on priority basis and the BBSS are charged and discharged based on the energy availability within the smart grid communities and real time energy pricing. The benefits of optimal power-sharing techniques with the RESs and BBSS are analyzed by taking three different scenarios which are simulated by C++ software package. Extensive case studies are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the proposed energy management scheme. It is demonstrated that the proposed method can save energy and reduce electricity cost up to 35% and 45% compared to the existing methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microgrid Energy Management)
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16 pages, 642 KiB  
Article
Energy Management of Hybrid Diesel/Battery Ships in Multidisciplinary Emission Policy Areas
by Mohsen Banaei, Fatemeh Ghanami, Mehdi Rafiei, Jalil Boudjadar and Mohammad-Hassan Khooban
Energies 2020, 13(16), 4179; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13164179 - 12 Aug 2020
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 2495
Abstract
All-electric ships, and especially the hybrid ones with diesel generators and batteries, have attracted the attention of maritime industry in the last years due to their less emission and higher efficiency. The variant emission policies in different sailing areas and the impact of [...] Read more.
All-electric ships, and especially the hybrid ones with diesel generators and batteries, have attracted the attention of maritime industry in the last years due to their less emission and higher efficiency. The variant emission policies in different sailing areas and the impact of physical and environmental phenomena on ships energy consumption are two interesting and serious concepts in the maritime issues. In this paper, an efficient energy management strategy is proposed for a hybrid vessel that can effectively consider the emission policies and apply the impacts of ship resistant, wind direction and sea state on the ships propulsion. In addition, the possibility and impact of charging and discharging the carried electrical vehicles’ batteries by the ship is investigated. All mentioned matters are mathematically formulated and a general model of the system is extracted. The resulted model and real data are utilized for the proposed energy management strategy. A genetic algorithm is used in MATLAB software to obtain the optimal solution for a specific trip of the ship. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed energy management method in economical and reliable operation of the ship considering the different emission control policies and weather condition impacts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microgrid Energy Management)
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19 pages, 562 KiB  
Article
Hierarchical Energy Management System for Microgrid Operation Based on Robust Model Predictive Control
by Luis Gabriel Marín, Mark Sumner, Diego Muñoz-Carpintero, Daniel Köbrich, Seksak Pholboon, Doris Sáez and Alfredo Núñez
Energies 2019, 12(23), 4453; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12234453 - 22 Nov 2019
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 5763
Abstract
This paper presents a two-level hierarchical energy management system (EMS) for microgrid operation that is based on a robust model predictive control (MPC) strategy. This EMS focuses on minimizing the cost of the energy drawn from the main grid and increasing self-consumption of [...] Read more.
This paper presents a two-level hierarchical energy management system (EMS) for microgrid operation that is based on a robust model predictive control (MPC) strategy. This EMS focuses on minimizing the cost of the energy drawn from the main grid and increasing self-consumption of local renewable energy resources, and brings benefits to the users of the microgrid as well as the distribution network operator (DNO). The higher level of the EMS comprises a robust MPC controller which optimizes energy usage and defines a power reference that is tracked by the lower-level real-time controller. The proposed EMS addresses the uncertainty of the predictions of the generation and end-user consumption profiles with the use of the robust MPC controller, which considers the optimization over a control policy where the uncertainty of the power predictions can be compensated either by the battery or main grid power consumption. Simulation results using data from a real urban community showed that when compared with an equivalent (non-robust) deterministic EMS (i.e., an EMS based on the same MPC formulation, but without the uncertainty handling), the proposed EMS based on robust MPC achieved reduced energy costs and obtained a more uniform grid power consumption, safer battery operation, and reduced peak loads. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microgrid Energy Management)
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23 pages, 5515 KiB  
Article
Optimum Resilient Operation and Control DC Microgrid Based Electric Vehicles Charging Station Powered by Renewable Energy Sources
by Khairy Sayed, Ahmed G. Abo-Khalil and Ali S. Alghamdi
Energies 2019, 12(22), 4240; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12224240 - 07 Nov 2019
Cited by 45 | Viewed by 8932
Abstract
This paper introduces an energy management and control method for DC microgrid supplying electric vehicles (EV) charging station. An Energy Management System (EMS) is developed to manage and control power flow from renewable energy sources to EVs through DC microgrid. An integrated approach [...] Read more.
This paper introduces an energy management and control method for DC microgrid supplying electric vehicles (EV) charging station. An Energy Management System (EMS) is developed to manage and control power flow from renewable energy sources to EVs through DC microgrid. An integrated approach for controlling DC microgrid based charging station powered by intermittent renewable energies. A wind turbine (WT) and solar photovoltaic (PV) arrays are integrated into the studied DC microgrid to replace energy from fossil fuel and decrease pollution from carbon emissions. Due to the intermittency of solar and wind generation, the output powers of PV and WT are not guaranteed. For this reason, the capacities of WT, solar PV panels, and the battery system are considered decision parameters to be optimized. The optimized design of the renewable energy system is done to ensure sufficient electricity supply to the EV charging station. Moreover, various renewable energy technologies for supplying EV charging stations to improve their performance are investigated. To evaluate the performance of the used control strategies, simulation is carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microgrid Energy Management)
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