Research

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33 pages, 6739 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Day-Ahead MPC Energy Management System for an Island Wind/Storage Hybrid Power Plant

by Rubén López-Rodríguez, Adriana Aguilera-González, Ionel Vechiu and Seddik Bacha

Energies 2021, 14(4), 1066; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14041066 - 18 Feb 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2569

This paper presents a multi-objective energy management system (EMS) to manage the power dispatch of a hybrid power plant (HPP), consisting of a grid-connected wind farm and a Li-ION battery storage system on the island of Guadeloupe’s electrical grid. Via a controller based [...] Read more.

This paper presents a multi-objective energy management system (EMS) to manage the power dispatch of a hybrid power plant (HPP), consisting of a grid-connected wind farm and a Li-ION battery storage system on the island of Guadeloupe’s electrical grid. Via a controller based on Model Predictive Control (MPC), the EMS solves the problem of optimization by considering the production forecast data and managing several operation rules, which ensures meet energy targets considered for a sustainable power dispatching plan. The proposed strategy is tested in a PowerFactory/MATLAB co-simulation environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integration of Large-Scale Renewable Energy Sources into the Low-Inertia Power Grid)

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20 pages, 3212 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Challenges of High Renewable Energy Sources Integration in Power Systems—The Case of Croatia

by Ninoslav Holjevac, Tomislav Baškarad, Josip Đaković, Matej Krpan, Matija Zidar and Igor Kuzle

Energies 2021, 14(4), 1047; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14041047 - 17 Feb 2021

Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3704

Abstract

This paper presents a high-level overview of the integration of renewable energy sources (RES), primarily wind and solar, into the electric power system (EPS) in Croatia. It presents transmission system integration aspects for the particular case of this country. It explains the current [...] Read more.

This paper presents a high-level overview of the integration of renewable energy sources (RES), primarily wind and solar, into the electric power system (EPS) in Croatia. It presents transmission system integration aspects for the particular case of this country. It explains the current situation and technical characteristics of the current conventional generation units and currently installed wind energy capacities. Based on the current situation future development scenario is determined and used to evaluate the impacts of the wide-scale integration of renewables. Grid connections aspects, power balancing, market participation, and inertia reduction aspects are considered. Furthermore, some specifics of both solar and wind integration are discussed identifying problems and potential solutions. Primarily through the provision of the inertial response of both solar and wind and through better forecasting of wind production. Finally, the outlook for the Croatian power system is given, that will most probably double its RES capacity in the coming 3-year period and a certain level of investments and changes of current operational practices will need to be provided. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integration of Large-Scale Renewable Energy Sources into the Low-Inertia Power Grid)

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21 pages, 2588 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Techno-Economic Assessment of Energy Storage Technologies for Inertia Response and Frequency Support from Wind Farms

by Hector Beltran, Sam Harrison, Agustí Egea-Àlvarez and Lie Xu

Energies 2020, 13(13), 3421; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13133421 - 02 Jul 2020

Cited by 20 | Viewed by 4585

Abstract

This paper provides the result of a techno-economic study of potential energy storage technologies deployable at wind farms to provide short-term ancillary services such as inertia response and frequency support. Two different scenarios are considered including a single energy storage system for the [...] Read more.

This paper provides the result of a techno-economic study of potential energy storage technologies deployable at wind farms to provide short-term ancillary services such as inertia response and frequency support. Two different scenarios are considered including a single energy storage system for the whole wind farm and individual energy storage for each wind turbine (located at either the dc or the ac side of its grid-side converter). Simulations are introduced to check the technical viability of the proposal with different control strategies. Power and energy capability requirements demanded by both specific services are defined for each studied case based on present and future grid code needs. Based on these requirements, the study compares a wide range of energy storage technologies in terms of present-day technical readiness and properties and identifies potential candidate solutions. These are flywheels, supercapacitors, and three chemistries out of the Li-ion battery family. Finally, the results of a techno-economic assessment (mainly based on weight, volume, lifetime, and industry-confirmed costings) detail the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed solutions for the different scenarios under consideration. The main conclusion is that none of the candidates are found to be clearly superior to the others over the whole range of scenarios. Commercially available solutions have to be tailored to the different requirements depending on the amount of inertia, maximum Rate of Change of Frequency and maximum frequency deviation to be allowed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integration of Large-Scale Renewable Energy Sources into the Low-Inertia Power Grid)

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24 pages, 5061 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Fuzzy-SOM Method for Fraud Detection in Power Distribution Networks with High Penetration of Roof-Top Grid-Connected PV

by Alireza Vahabzadeh, Alibakhsh Kasaeian, Hasan Monsef and Alireza Aslani

Energies 2020, 13(5), 1287; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13051287 - 10 Mar 2020

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2746

Abstract

This study proposes a fuzzy self-organized neural networks (SOM) model for detecting fraud by domestic customers, the major cause of non-technical losses in power distribution networks. Using a bottom-up approach, normal behavior patterns of household loads with and without photovoltaic (PV) sources are [...] Read more.

This study proposes a fuzzy self-organized neural networks (SOM) model for detecting fraud by domestic customers, the major cause of non-technical losses in power distribution networks. Using a bottom-up approach, normal behavior patterns of household loads with and without photovoltaic (PV) sources are determined as normal behavior. Customers suspected of energy theft are distinguished by calculating the anomaly index of each subscriber. The bottom-up method used is validated using measurement data of a real network. The performance of the algorithm in detecting fraud in old electromagnetic meters is evaluated and verified. Types of energy theft methods are introduced in smart meters. The proposed algorithm is tested and evaluated to detect fraud in smart meters also. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integration of Large-Scale Renewable Energy Sources into the Low-Inertia Power Grid)

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17 pages, 9197 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Modified Partial Power structure for Quasi Z-Source Converter to Improve Voltage Gain and Power Rating

by Shahin Honarmand, Amirhossein Rajaei, Mahdi Shahparasti, Alvaro Luna and Edris Pouresmaeil

Energies 2019, 12(11), 2139; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12112139 - 04 Jun 2019

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2732

Abstract

Employing partial power processing (PPP) technique for quasi Z-source converter (QZSC) a new structure of the converter is presented. Using PPP technique although eliminates electrical insolation, but permits reducing voltage and current stress at the semiconductors, if compared with full power proposals. In [...] Read more.

Employing partial power processing (PPP) technique for quasi Z-source converter (QZSC) a new structure of the converter is presented. Using PPP technique although eliminates electrical insolation, but permits reducing voltage and current stress at the semiconductors, if compared with full power proposals. In this work, two PPP structures are discussed: A first one, similar to the basic topology, where the output voltage of the power converter is in series with the input voltage; and a second one, where the output is in series with the capacitor of the QZSC. This minor modification, which requires no extra elements, improves the power rating, voltage gain, and requires a lower transformation ratio. An experimental prototype of the proposed converter has been tested and the results are compared with other implementations, permitting to validate the theoretical analysis as well as the advantages that this proposal provides. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integration of Large-Scale Renewable Energy Sources into the Low-Inertia Power Grid)

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16 pages, 3972 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A New Modular Multilevel Inverter Based on Step-Up Switched-Capacitor Modules

by Aryorad Khodaparast, Erfan Azimi, Ali Azimi, M. Ebrahim Adabi, Jafar Adabi and Edris Pouresmaeil

Energies 2019, 12(3), 524; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12030524 - 07 Feb 2019

Cited by 24 | Viewed by 3914

Abstract

A new structure of switched capacitor multilevel inverter (SCMLI) capable of voltage boosting and with self-balancing ability is introduced in this article. This advantage is the result of a step by step rise of capacitor voltages in each module, supplied by just one [...] Read more.

A new structure of switched capacitor multilevel inverter (SCMLI) capable of voltage boosting and with self-balancing ability is introduced in this article. This advantage is the result of a step by step rise of capacitor voltages in each module, supplied by just one DC voltage source. The proposed topology generates a sinusoidal output waveform with a magnitude several times greater than the input one. Higher output staircase AC voltage is obtained by applying a nearest level control (NLC) modulation technique. The most significant features of this configuration can be mentioned as: fewer semiconductor devices, remarkably low total harmonic distortion (THD), desirable operating under high/low frequency, high efficiency, inherent bipolar voltage production, easy circuit expansion, ease of control and size reduction of the circuit thanks to utilizing neither bulky transformer nor inductor. Moreover, the proposed SCMLI is comprehensively surveyed through theoretical investigation and a comparison of its effectiveness to recent topologies. Eventually, the operating principle of a 25-level prototype of the suggested SCMLI is validated by simulation in the MATLAB SIMULINK environment and experimental results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integration of Large-Scale Renewable Energy Sources into the Low-Inertia Power Grid)

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17 pages, 6867 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design and Implementation of a New Algorithm for Enhancing MPPT Performance in Solar Cells

by Ehsan Norouzzadeh, Ahmad Ale Ahmad, Meysam Saeedian, Gholamreza Eini and Edris Pouresmaeil

Energies 2019, 12(3), 519; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12030519 - 06 Feb 2019

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3256

Abstract

This paper presents a new algorithm for improving the maximum power point tracking method in solar cells. The perturb and observe and the constant voltage algorithms are combined intelligently in order to have a fast response and a high power efficiency. Furthermore, a [...] Read more.

This paper presents a new algorithm for improving the maximum power point tracking method in solar cells. The perturb and observe and the constant voltage algorithms are combined intelligently in order to have a fast response and a high power efficiency. Furthermore, a two-phase interleaved boost converter with a coupled inductor is used with the proposed algorithm. The input capacitor and inductor of this converter are much smaller than those of the conventional types of converters. Therefore, its inherent delay is too short. Computer simulations carried out in PowerSIM and experimental results using a 100 W prototype verify the superior performance of the proposed algorithm and converter. The operating principle and comparisons with the conventional algorithms and other methods are presented in this paper. Moreover, a cost function is presented to compare the new algorithm with the others. The experimental results show that the presented system tracks any changes in power in less than 10 ms, and a quick response to the maximum power point is achieved. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integration of Large-Scale Renewable Energy Sources into the Low-Inertia Power Grid)

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15 pages, 3079 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Innovative Dual-Boost Nine-Level Inverter with Low-Voltage Rating Switches

by Meysam Saeedian, Edris Pouresmaeil, Emad Samadaei, Eduardo Manuel Godinho Rodrigues, Radu Godina and Mousa Marzband

Energies 2019, 12(2), 207; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12020207 - 09 Jan 2019

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3657

Abstract

This article presents an innovative switched-capacitor based nine-level inverter employing single DC input for renewable and sustainable energy applications. The proposed configuration generates a step-up bipolar output voltage without end-side H-bridge, and the employed capacitors are charged in a self-balancing form. Applying low-voltage [...] Read more.

This article presents an innovative switched-capacitor based nine-level inverter employing single DC input for renewable and sustainable energy applications. The proposed configuration generates a step-up bipolar output voltage without end-side H-bridge, and the employed capacitors are charged in a self-balancing form. Applying low-voltage rated switches is another merit of the proposed inverter, which leads to extensive reduction in total standing voltage. Thereby, switching losses as well as inverter cost are reduced proportionally. Furthermore, the comparative analysis against other state-of-the-art inverters depicts that the number of required power electronic devices and implementation cost is reduced in the proposed structure. The working principle of the proposed circuit along with its efficiency calculations and thermal modeling are elaborated in detail. In the end, simulations and experimental tests are conducted to validate the flawless performance of the proposed nine-level topology in power systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integration of Large-Scale Renewable Energy Sources into the Low-Inertia Power Grid)

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Review

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19 pages, 3097 KiB

Open AccessReview

Integration of Large Scale PV-Based Generation into Power Systems: A Survey

by Elyas Rakhshani, Kumars Rouzbehi, Adolfo J. Sánchez, Ana Cabrera Tobar and Edris Pouresmaeil

Energies 2019, 12(8), 1425; https://doi.org/10.3390/en12081425 - 13 Apr 2019

Cited by 86 | Viewed by 6977

Abstract

This paper reports a general overview of current research on analysis and control of the power grid with grid scale PV-based power generations as well as of various consequences of grid scale integration of PV generation units into the power systems. Moreover, the [...] Read more.

This paper reports a general overview of current research on analysis and control of the power grid with grid scale PV-based power generations as well as of various consequences of grid scale integration of PV generation units into the power systems. Moreover, the history of PV renewable growth, deregulation of power system and issues related to grid-connected PV systems considering its contribution to various responsibilities like frequency control, virtual inertia capabilities and voltage regulation are discussed. Moreover, various outcomes of the high-penetrated grid with PV power plants such as power quality, active and reactive power control, protection, balancing and reliability under various loading conditions are reviewed and discussed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integration of Large-Scale Renewable Energy Sources into the Low-Inertia Power Grid)

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