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Enhancing Conventional Heavy Oil Production

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "H: Geo-Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (27 August 2021) | Viewed by 5030

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
Interests: transport phenomena in porous media; EOR; SCAL and DCA; conventional heavy oil; Bitumen in oil sands; bitumen in carbonates

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The recovery of heavy oil is hampered by low oil mobility. Thus, the expected recovery factors in conventional primary and secondary approaches are very low (in the order of 10% OIIP or less). Heavy oil from sands seems to have been studied better than that of carbonates, despite the larger presence of carbonate reservoirs. Our aim with this Special Issue is to generate a collection of papers that reflect novel, environmentally responsible and financially feasible methods for heavy oil recovery. Defined as heavy oil here is any crude oil with an API of less than 25 and with a viscosity from 50 to 100,000 mPas at ambient conditions. Chemical, solvent, thermal, and mechanical methods are welcome, as well as in situ upgrading methods. Although priority will be given to publications with high experimental content, modeling contributions where verification with laboratory of field data is evident will also be considered. Finally, devices that can improve heavy oil production will also be considered. We look forward to a significant contribution in a very challenging field.

Prof. Dr. Apostolos Kantzas
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 6405 KiB  
Article
Visualization of Chemical Heavy Oil EOR Displacement Mechanisms in a 2D System
by Francy Guerrero, Jonathan Bryan and Apostolos Kantzas
Energies 2021, 14(4), 950; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14040950 - 11 Feb 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1857
Abstract
This study aims to develop a visual understanding of the macro-displacement mechanisms associated with heavy oil recovery by water and chemical flooding in a 2D system. The sweep efficiency improvements by water, surfactant, polymer, and surfactant-polymer (SP) were evaluated in a Hele-Shaw cell [...] Read more.
This study aims to develop a visual understanding of the macro-displacement mechanisms associated with heavy oil recovery by water and chemical flooding in a 2D system. The sweep efficiency improvements by water, surfactant, polymer, and surfactant-polymer (SP) were evaluated in a Hele-Shaw cell with no local pore-level trapping of fluids. The results demonstrated that displacement performance is highly correlated to the mobility ratio between the fluids. Surfactant and water reached similar oil recovery values at similar mobility ratios; however, they exhibited different flow patterns in the 2D system—reductions in IFT can lead to the formation of emulsions and alter flow pathways, but in the absence of porous media these do not lead to significant improvements in oil recovery. Polymer flooding displayed a more stable front and a higher reduction in viscous fingering. Oil recovery by SP was achieved mostly by polymer rather than due to the effect of the surfactant. The surfactant in the SP slug washed out residual oil in the swept zone without increasing the swept area. This shows the impact of the surfactant on reducing the oil saturation in water-swept zones, but the overall oil recovery was still controlled by the injection of polymer. This study provides insight into the fluid flow behavior in diverging flow paths, as opposed to linear core floods that have limited pathways. The visualization of bulk liquid interactions between different types of injection fluids and oil in the Hele-Shaw cell might assist in the screening process for new chemicals and aid in testing the production process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enhancing Conventional Heavy Oil Production)
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15 pages, 2970 KiB  
Article
Enhancing Oil Recovery with Hydrophilic Polymer-Coated Silica Nanoparticles
by Alberto Bila and Ole Torsæter
Energies 2020, 13(21), 5720; https://doi.org/10.3390/en13215720 - 2 Nov 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2622
Abstract
Nanoparticles (NPs) have been proposed for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The research has demonstrated marvelous effort to realize the mechanisms of nanoparticles EOR. Nevertheless, gaps still exist in terms of understanding the nanoparticles-driven interactions occurring at fluids and fluid–rock interfaces. Surface-active polymers or [...] Read more.
Nanoparticles (NPs) have been proposed for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). The research has demonstrated marvelous effort to realize the mechanisms of nanoparticles EOR. Nevertheless, gaps still exist in terms of understanding the nanoparticles-driven interactions occurring at fluids and fluid–rock interfaces. Surface-active polymers or other surface additive materials (e.g., surfactants) have shown to be effective in aiding the dispersion stability of NPs, stabilizing emulsions, and reducing the trapping or retention of NPs in porous media. These pre-requisites, together with the interfacial chemistry between the NPs and the reservoir and its constituents, can result in an improved sweep efficiency. This paper investigates four types of polymer-coated silica NPs for the recovery of oil from water-wet Berea sandstones. A series of flooding experiments was carried out with NPs dispersed at 0.1 wt.% in seawater in secondary and tertiary oil recovery modes at ambient conditions. The dynamic interactions of fluids, fluid–rock, and the transport behavior of injected fluid in the presence of NPs were, respectively, studied by interfacial tension (IFT), spontaneous imbibition tests, and a differential pressure analysis. Core flooding results showed an increase in oil recovery up to 14.8% with secondary nanofluid injection compared to 39.7% of the original oil in place (OOIP) from the conventional waterflood. In tertiary mode, nanofluids increased oil recovery up to 9.2% of the OOIP. It was found that no single mechanism could account for the EOR effect with the application of nanoparticles. Instead, the mobilization of oil seemed to occur through a combination of reduced oil/water IFT, change in the rock surface roughness and wettability, and microscopic flow diversion due to clogging of the pores. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Enhancing Conventional Heavy Oil Production)
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