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CO₂ Capture and Storage in Geological Media

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A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "H: Geo-Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 10127
Submit your paper and select the Journal “Energies” and the Special Issue “CO2 Capture and Storage in Geological Media” via: https://susy.mdpi.com/user/manuscripts/upload?journal=energies. Please contact the guest editor or the journal editor ([email protected]) for any queries.

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Dr. Marko Cvetković

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: geological modelling; basin modelling; geological storage of carbon dioxide

Dr. Iva Kolenković Močilac

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Guest Editor

Faculty of Mining, Geology and Petroleum Engineering, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: characterization of deep geoenergy systems; CO₂ geological storage

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With energy transition going at a relatively slow pace and with continuous increase of negative effects of climate change, the need for controlling the emissions of the greenhouse gas most attributing to climate change is today actual more than ever. The energy sector is still heavily depending on consumption of fossil fuels and the Hydrogen production is still mostly limited to reforming of natural gas, leading to rising CO₂ emissions. The pricing of CO₂ emissions on the international carbon markets fails as a tool to regulate carbon emissions due to inability to objectively estimate the social cost of carbon. In these circumstances, the various ways of CO₂ utilization emerge as viable short-term response to the current “carbon crisis”, with geological storage of CO₂ still being regarded the most important technology for reducing the CO₂ derived from fossil fuels. This is the reason why the advances in the field of CO₂ storage in geological media are much needed, including the development of approaches and techniques, as well as development of pilot and demonstration projects in different geological settings.

This Special Issue aims to present the novel research on the topic of CO₂ utilization and storage in geological media, with the topics including (but not limited to): case studies (onshore and offshore), modelling of CO₂ injection, reservoir characterization, advancements in monitoring techniques, advancements in geomechanical research and geochemical modelling of CO₂-water-rock interactions, economic evaluation of CO₂ utilization and storage projects, new insights in the possibilities for CO₂ utilization (methanation of hydrogen and CO₂, EOR projects).

Dr. Marko Cvetković
Dr. Iva Kolenković Močilac
Guest Editors

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Keywords

CO2 geological storage
CO2 utilization
monitoring
risk assesment
economic evaluation of CCUS processes

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 8812 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Laboratory Studies on Permeability of Coals Using Briquettes: Understanding Underground Storage of CO₂

by Mateusz Kudasik, Norbert Skoczylas and Letícia Teixeira Palla Braga

Energies 2022, 15(3), 715; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15030715 - 19 Jan 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1276

Abstract

The work presents the laboratory studies on permeability of two bituminous coal briquettes under confining pressure conditions. The research was carried out in order to assess the possibility of using bituminous coal as a sorbent for CO₂ storage in underground seams. Coal permeability tests were carried out on an original apparatus for testing seepage processes under isobaric conditions on samples subjected to confining pressure. In order to determine the impact of the load on the coal briquettes’ permeability, the tests were carried out at four confining pressures: 1.5, 10, 20 and 30 MPa. The obtained results showed that the coal permeability decreases with an increase in confining pressure. At depths below 250 m, the coal can be a rock poorly permeable to CO₂, and under such conditions, the applicability of technologies related to the underground storage of CO₂ to coal seams is limited or even impossible. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue CO₂ Capture and Storage in Geological Media)

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20 pages, 8735 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Periodic CO₂ Injection for Improved Storage Capacity and Pressure Management under Intermittent CO₂ Supply

by Anton Shchipanov, Lars Kollbotn, Mauro Encinas, Ingebret Fjelde and Roman Berenblyum

Energies 2022, 15(2), 566; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15020566 - 13 Jan 2022

Viewed by 2804

Abstract

Storing CO₂ in geological formations is an important component of reducing greenhouse gases emissions. The Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) industry is now in its establishing phase, and if successful, massive storage volumes would be needed. It will hence be important to utilize each storage site to its maximum, without challenging the formation integrity. For different reasons, supply of CO₂ to the injection sites may be periodical or unstable, often considered as a risk element reducing the overall efficiency and economics of CCS projects. In this paper we present outcomes of investigations focusing on a variety of positive aspects of periodic CO₂ injection, including pressure management and storage capacity, also highlighting reservoir monitoring opportunities. A feasibility study of periodic injection into an infinite saline aquifer using a mechanistic reservoir model has indicated significant improvement in storage capacity compared to continuous injection. The reservoir pressure and CO₂ plume behavior were further studied revealing a ‘CO₂ expansion squeeze’ effect that governs the improved storage capacity observed in the feasibility study. Finally, the improved pressure measurement and storage capacity by periodic injection was confirmed by field-scale simulations based on a real geological set-up. The field-scale simulations have confirmed that ‘CO₂ expansion squeeze’ governs the positive effect, which is also influenced by well location in the geological structure and aquifer size, while CO₂ dissolution in water showed minor influence. Additional reservoir effects and risks not covered in this paper are then highlighted as a scope for further studies. The value of the periodic injection with intermittent CO₂ supply is finally discussed in the context of deployment and integration of this technology in the establishing CCS industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue CO₂ Capture and Storage in Geological Media)

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21 pages, 4716 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Co-Optimization of CO₂ Storage and Enhanced Gas Recovery Using Carbonated Water and Supercritical CO₂

by Abdirizak Omar, Mouadh Addassi, Volker Vahrenkamp and Hussein Hoteit

Energies 2021, 14(22), 7495; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14227495 - 10 Nov 2021

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3069

Abstract

CO₂-based enhanced gas recovery (EGR) is an appealing method with the dual benefit of improving recovery from mature gas reservoirs and storing CO₂ in the subsurface, thereby reducing net emissions. However, CO₂ injection for EGR has the drawback of excessive mixing with the methane gas, therefore, reducing the quality of gas produced and leading to an early breakthrough of CO₂. Although this issue has been identified as a major obstacle in CO₂-based EGR, few strategies have been suggested to mitigate this problem. We propose a novel hybrid EGR method that involves the injection of a slug of carbonated water before beginning CO₂ injection. While still ensuring CO₂ storage, carbonated water hinders CO₂-methane mixing and reduces CO₂ mobility, therefore delaying breakthrough. We use reservoir simulation to assess the feasibility and benefit of the proposed method. Through a structured design of experiments (DoE) framework, we perform sensitivity analysis, uncertainty assessment, and optimization to identify the ideal operation and transition conditions. Results show that the proposed method only requires a small amount of carbonated water injected up to 3% pore volumes. This EGR scheme is mainly influenced by the heterogeneity of the reservoir, slug volume injected, and production rates. Through Monte Carlo simulations, we demonstrate that high recovery factors and storage ratios can be achieved while keeping recycled CO₂ ratios low. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue CO₂ Capture and Storage in Geological Media)

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16 pages, 9672 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Micro CT and Experimental Study of Carbonate Precipitation from CO₂ and Produced Water Co-Injection into Sandstone

by Julie K. Pearce, Grant K. W. Dawson, Silvano Sommacal and Suzanne D. Golding

Energies 2021, 14(21), 6998; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14216998 - 26 Oct 2021

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2314

Abstract

Carbon dioxide geological storage involves injecting captured CO₂ streams into a suitable reservoir. Subsequent mineral trapping of the CO₂ as carbonate minerals is one of the most secure forms of trapping. Injection of CO₂ dissolved in water or co-injection of CO₂ with water may enhance trapping mechanisms. Produced waters are already re-injected into reservoirs worldwide, and their co-injection with CO₂ could enhance mineral trapping in low reactivity rock by providing a source of cations. Sandstone drill core from a reservoir proposed for CO₂ storage was experimentally reacted with supercritical CO₂ and a synthetic produced water. Micro computed tomography (CT), QEMSCAN, and SEM were performed before and after the reaction. The sandstone sample was predominantly quartz with minor illite/muscovite and kaolinite. The sandstone sub-plug micro-CT porosity was 11.1% and 11.4% after the reaction. Dissolved Ca, Mg, and Sr decreased during the reaction. After the reaction with CO₂ and synthetic produced water, precipitation of crystalline carbonate minerals calcite and dolomite was observed in the pore space and on the rock surface. In addition, the movement of pore filling and bridging clays, as well as grains was observed. Co-injection of CO₂ with produced waters into suitable reservoirs has the potential to encourage CO₂ mineral trapping. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue CO₂ Capture and Storage in Geological Media)

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