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Energies
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Challenges and Development on Carbon Capture and Storage
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Challenges and Development on Carbon Capture and Storage

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "B3: Carbon Emission and Utilization".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (21 May 2023) | Viewed by 23265

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Barbara Marchetti

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Dipartimento di Scienze Teoriche e Applicate DiSTA, Faculty of Engineering, eCampus University, Via Isimbardi 10, 22060 Novedrate, Italy
Interests: CCUS
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Francesco Corvaro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Marche, Italy
Interests: PIV measurements; flow assurance; diagnostic
Dr. Matteo Vitali

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Industrial Engineering and Mathematical Sciences (DIISM), Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Marche, Italy
Interests: flow assurance; smart-grids; hydrogen; CCUS; PIV measurements

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The 2018 Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 °C by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicated that in order to realize net-zero emissions by 2050, it is necessary to capture at least 4 Gt/year of CO2 in 2040 and 8 Gt/year in 2050. CO2 capture and storage (CCS) is thus a major player for the decarbonization of industrial sectors such as the power, steel and iron, cement, and petrochemical industries. There are still many issues, associated mainly with the transportation and storage of CO2. Many researchers have been addressing this problem in the past few years, but there are still many open questions.

Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to:

  • Effect of impurities on thermodynamic behavior of CO2 stream;
  • Water solubility and corrosion;
  • Pre-commissioning and commissioning procedures for CO2 pipelines;
  • Low-temperature scenarios;
  • Ductile fracture propagation analysis;
  • Leak detection systems for CO2 pipelines;
  • Behavior of non-metallic materials inside piping components in CO2 pipeline transport systems;
  • Investigation of risk analysis state-of-the-art for CO2 pipeline transport systems;
  • Transport property models.

Prof. Dr. Barbara Marchetti
Prof. Dr. Francesco Corvaro
Dr. Matteo Vitali
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Carbon capture and storage
  • Flow assurance
  • CO2
  • Capture technologies
  • Critical impurities
  • Equation of state

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 5698 KiB  
Article
On the Sublimation of Dry-Ice: Experimental Investigation and Thermal Modelling of Low-Temperatures on a Sandy Soil
by Matteo Vitali, Giovanni Biancini, Barbara Marchetti and Francesco Corvaro
Energies 2023, 16(2), 987; https://doi.org/10.3390/en16020987 - 16 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3333
Abstract
In the last decade, growing awareness about CO2 emissions is supporting the authorities in a more sustainable society. The proposed solutions embrace different topics, such as renewable energy implementation, lower waste production, and carbon capture and storage technologies (CCS). The latter is [...] Read more.
In the last decade, growing awareness about CO2 emissions is supporting the authorities in a more sustainable society. The proposed solutions embrace different topics, such as renewable energy implementation, lower waste production, and carbon capture and storage technologies (CCS). The latter is based upon the best available knowledge about the thermophysical properties of CO2, which are not always satisfactory for its complete characterization. In this work, it is investigated the interaction of the CO2 in solid phase (dry-ice) with sandy soil, a phenomenon that can potentially occur following pipeline ruptures. An experimental setup and a numerical model have been developed to measure and validate the temperature profiles beneath the dry-ice bank at steady-state conditions. The model has been validated with the experimental data by defining a suitable range of the thermal conductivity at the solid phase (0.25–0.30 W m−1 K−1) that led to the best match (deviation of 7.81%). Finally, the overall heat transfer coefficient (85.56–86.35 W m−2 K−1) has been numerically calculated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Development on Carbon Capture and Storage)
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22 pages, 3752 KiB  
Article
The Bio Steel Cycle: 7 Steps to Net-Zero CO2 Emissions Steel Production
by Sandra Kiessling, Hamidreza Gohari Darabkhani and Abdel-Hamid Soliman
Energies 2022, 15(23), 8880; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15238880 - 24 Nov 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 8271
Abstract
CO2 emissions have been identified as the main driver for climate change, with devastating consequences for the global natural environment. The steel industry is responsible for ~7–11% of global CO2 emissions, due to high fossil-fuel and energy consumption. The onus is [...] Read more.
CO2 emissions have been identified as the main driver for climate change, with devastating consequences for the global natural environment. The steel industry is responsible for ~7–11% of global CO2 emissions, due to high fossil-fuel and energy consumption. The onus is therefore on industry to remedy the environmental damage caused and to decarbonise production. This desk research report explores the Bio Steel Cycle (BiSC) and proposes a seven-step-strategy to overcome the emission challenges within the iron and steel industry. The true levels of combined CO2 emissions from the blast-furnace and basic-oxygen-furnace operation, at 4.61 t of CO2 emissions/t of steel produced, are calculated in detail. The BiSC includes CO2 capture, implementing renewable energy sources (solar, wind, green H2) and plantation for CO2 absorption and provision of biomass. The 7-step-implementation-strategy starts with replacing energy sources, develops over process improvement and installation of flue gas carbon capture, and concludes with utilising biogas-derived hydrogen, as a product from anaerobic digestion of the grown agrifood in the cycle. In the past, CO2 emissions have been seemingly underreported and underestimated in the heavy industries, and implementing the BiSC, using the provided seven-steps-strategy will potentially result in achieving net-zero CO2 emissions in steel manufacturing by 2030. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Development on Carbon Capture and Storage)
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15 pages, 7698 KiB  
Article
Directional Hydraulic Characteristics of Reservoir Rocks for CO2 Geological Storage in the Pohang Basin, Southeast Korea
by Junhyung Choi, Kyungbook Lee, Young Jae Shinn, Seil Ki and Dae Sung Lee
Energies 2021, 14(8), 2211; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14082211 - 15 Apr 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2275
Abstract
This study conducted core sampling of an offshore borehole for geological reservoir characterization of a potential CO2 storage site in southeast Korea. From this, two promising geological formations at ~739 and ~779 m were identified as prospective CO2 storage reservoirs. Injection [...] Read more.
This study conducted core sampling of an offshore borehole for geological reservoir characterization of a potential CO2 storage site in southeast Korea. From this, two promising geological formations at ~739 and ~779 m were identified as prospective CO2 storage reservoirs. Injection efficiency and CO2 migration were evaluated based on directional measurements of permeabilities from core plugs. The directional transport properties were determined using both a portable probe permeameter and a pressure cell capable of applying different in situ confining pressures. Both steady state and unsteady state measurements were used to determine permeability—the method selected according to the expected permeability range of the specific sample. This expected range was based on rapid screening measurements acquired using a portable probe permeameter (PPP). Anticipated performance of the prototypical CO2 injection site was evaluated based on flow modeling of the CO2 plume migration pathway including CO2 transport through the overlying formations based on the measured directional hydraulic properties. These analyses revealed that the injection efficiency at a depth of 739 m was double that at 779 m. These correlations among and distributions of the directional permeabilities of the potential CO2 geological storage site can be utilized for the assessment of CO2 storage capacity, injectivity, and leakage risk. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Development on Carbon Capture and Storage)
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Review

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17 pages, 14903 KiB  
Review
Risks and Safety of CO2 Transport via Pipeline: A Review of Risk Analysis and Modeling Approaches for Accidental Releases
by Matteo Vitali, Cristina Zuliani, Francesco Corvaro, Barbara Marchetti, Alessandro Terenzi and Fabrizio Tallone
Energies 2021, 14(15), 4601; https://doi.org/10.3390/en14154601 - 29 Jul 2021
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 7999
Abstract
Carbon capture and storage is considered an effective mitigation strategy to reduce the most challenging emissions from heavy industries and gas processing. The safe transport of carbon dioxide via pipelines is an important aspect for developing large-scale Carbon Capture and Storage projects. Dispersion [...] Read more.
Carbon capture and storage is considered an effective mitigation strategy to reduce the most challenging emissions from heavy industries and gas processing. The safe transport of carbon dioxide via pipelines is an important aspect for developing large-scale Carbon Capture and Storage projects. Dispersion modeling for heavy gas such as carbon dioxide is considerably different from natural gas. The set up for modeling simulations is more challenging than conventional natural gas pipeline for several reasons, such as the differences in thermodynamics that must be considered. Moreover, when the carbon dioxide is transported in dense or liquid phase, the rapid phase changing, and possible consequent formation of solids should be considered. Finally, the equation of state required for accurate prediction of parameters is generally different than the ones applicable for natural gas. The main scope of this comprehensive review is to identify the most important parameters, critical events, suitable models, and identification of dispersion modeling issues. An extensive literature review of experiments conducted in the last ten years has been developed, experimental data, integral and simplified model, as well as CFD modeling issues has been identified and reported in the work proposed to highlight the advances and the gaps that could need further research activities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Challenges and Development on Carbon Capture and Storage)
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