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Future of Transport: Hybrid Electrification and Hydrogen Integration in Vehicles...
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Future of Transport: Hybrid Electrification and Hydrogen Integration in Vehicles and Infrastructure

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F: Electrical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 September 2025 | Viewed by 685

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Paolo Venturini

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Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
Interests: multiphase flows; erosion and deposition in turbomachinery; CFD; energy systems; wind energy; hydrogen production; sustainable mobility; biomass gasification
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Domenico Borello

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00184 Rome, Italy
Interests: energy systems; hydrogen technologies; industrial decarbonization; biomass and bioremediation; sustainable mobility; CFD
Dr. Giuliano Agati

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy
Interests: sustainable mobility; railway hybrid (battery-fuel cell) transport; energy systems; multiphase flows; CFD

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The urgent need to mitigate fossil fuels’ environmental impacts and significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions has intensified the global shift towards renewable energy sources. Among the critical areas for this transition is the transportation sector, which is one of the major contributors to global emissions. The integration of electric vehicles (EVs) presents a promising low-emission alternative to conventional combustion engines, offering the potential to revolutionize transport systems. However, to further enhance the performance and efficiency of EVs, hybridization with fuel cells (FC) and batteries—forming hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs)—is emerging as a highly effective approach.

The Special Issue on the "Future of Transport: Hybrid Electrification and Hydrogen Integration in Vehicles and Infrastructure" aims to explore the latest advancements and innovations in hybrid electrification, focusing on both light and heavy transportation from an energy perspective. Special attention will be given to hydrogen-based hybrid solutions, while also addressing the integration challenges, technological developments, and infrastructure requirements necessary for the widespread adoption of hybrid systems.

This Special Issue’s topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  1. Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs):
    • Integration of hydrogen fuel cells and batteries in EVs
    • Power distribution and energy management in hybrid systems
    • Enhancing durability and reliability of fuel cell stacks
    • Cost-effective solutions for hybrid vehicle components
  2. Hybrid Systems in Heavy Transportation:
    • Applications in railways, buses, freight transport, and shipping
    • Efficient energy use in railway service infrastructure
    • Protocols for selecting alternative energy solutions in heavy transport
  3. Infrastructure for Hybrid Systems:
    • Development of charging and refueling infrastructure for hybrid vehicles
    • Impact of hybrid electrification on existing transport infrastructure
    • Role of renewable energy sources in supporting hybrid transport systems
  4. Environmental and Economic Impact:
    • Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions through hybrid electrification
    • Comparative analysis of hybrid systems versus traditional fuel systems
    • Economic benefits and cost analysis of adopting hybrid technologies
  5. Advanced Modeling and Simulation:
    • Modeling tools for hybrid vehicle performance and efficiency
    • Simulation of hybrid systems in various transportation scenarios
    • Predictive maintenance and condition monitoring for hybrid vehicles
    • Scenario analyses for innovative transport systems

We invite researchers, industry experts, and practitioners to contribute their innovative findings and case studies to this Special Issue, fostering a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities in hybrid electrification.

Dr. Paolo Venturini
Prof. Dr. Domenico Borello
Dr. Giuliano Agati
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sustainable mobility
  • hybrid electric vehicles
  • infrastructure for hybrid systems
  • refueling stations
  • hydrogen
  • fuel cells
  • batteries

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 3961 KiB  
Article
Innovative Power Generation System for Large Ships Based on Fuel Cells: A Technical–Economic Comparison with a Traditional System
by Alessandro Ruvio, Stefano Elia, Manlio Pasquali, Roberto Pibiri, Stephen McPhail and Matteo Fontanella
Energies 2025, 18(6), 1456; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18061456 - 16 Mar 2025
Viewed by 351
Abstract
At present, shipping companies are aiming to meet better energy and environmental requirements when designing large cruise ships, thus decreasing emissions, increasing efficiency and reliability and greatly reducing maintenance time and costs. This paper provides a technical–economic comparison for a real case study, [...] Read more.
At present, shipping companies are aiming to meet better energy and environmental requirements when designing large cruise ships, thus decreasing emissions, increasing efficiency and reliability and greatly reducing maintenance time and costs. This paper provides a technical–economic comparison for a real case study, including a complete feasibility study regarding the sizing of a generation system to supply base hotel loads, between two power plant architectures focused on fuel cells and diesel generators for a cruise ship. The paper describes, in detail, an innovative solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) generation system, which offers high efficiency and low emissions, assessed for its technical, economic and environmental performance. This study examines generators for hotels, requiring continuous service at constant load and a 1 MW power supply. The work relates to ships with a tonnage of more than 100,000 tons. Subsequently, considering that, in the case study, the diesel generators are powered by LNG (liquefied natural gas), there will also be a comparison with a case where both systems are simply powered by LNG. The main technical specifications required by shipbuilders for choosing the most suitable system for on-board generation (weight, volume, maintenance intervals and operations, as well as investment and operational expenses) are analyzed and described. The economic comparison is based on two extreme assumptions of the purchase and operating costs of the fuel cell system and returns a different result depending on the assumption adopted. The usefulness of the proposed solution based on fuel cells is demonstrated on the basis of an accurate technical, energetic and economic comparison with the conventional technologies based on diesel generators. The work is completed by evaluating the overall power-generating reliability improvement achievable with the new technology, in comparison with the traditional system. The comparison between the fuel cell system and the diesel system shows that the former has a higher weight (+40%), volume (+75%) and initial investment cost (3–6 times higher). However, the lower LNG consumption reduces the annual operating cost and the size and weight of the on-board tanks or, with the same tank capacity, increases the system’s range. The overall reliability of the fuel cell system is significantly higher than that of the traditional system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future of Transport: Hybrid Electrification and Hydrogen Integration in Vehicles and Infrastructure)
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Review

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40 pages, 4760 KiB  
Review
Sustainable Electric Micromobility Through Integrated Power Electronic Systems and Control Strategies
by Mohamed Krichi, Abdullah M. Noman, Mhamed Fannakh, Tarik Raffak and Zeyad A. Haidar
Energies 2025, 18(8), 2143; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18082143 - 21 Apr 2025
Viewed by 279
Abstract
A comprehensive roadmap for advancing Electric Micromobility (EMM) systems addressing the fragmented and scarce information available in the field is defined as a transformative solution for urban transportation, targeting short-distance trips with compact, lightweight vehicles under 350 kg and maximum speeds of 45 [...] Read more.
A comprehensive roadmap for advancing Electric Micromobility (EMM) systems addressing the fragmented and scarce information available in the field is defined as a transformative solution for urban transportation, targeting short-distance trips with compact, lightweight vehicles under 350 kg and maximum speeds of 45 km/h, such as bicycles, e-scooters, and skateboards, which offer flexible, eco-friendly alternatives to traditional transportation, easing congestion and promoting sustainable urban mobility ecosystems. This review aims to guide researchers by consolidating key technical insights and offering a foundation for future exploration in this domain. It examines critical components of EMM systems, including electric motors, batteries, power converters, and control strategies. Likewise, a comparative analysis of electric motors, such as PMSM, BLDC, SRM, and IM, highlights their unique advantages for micromobility applications. Battery technologies, including Lithium Iron Phosphate, Nickel Manganese Cobalt, Nickel-Cadmium, Sodium-Sulfur, Lithium-Ion and Sodium-Ion, are evaluated with a focus on energy density, efficiency, and environmental impact. The study delves deeply into power converters, emphasizing their critical role in optimizing energy flow and improving system performance. Furthermore, control techniques like PID, fuzzy logic, sliding mode, and model predictive control (MPC) are analyzed to enhance safety, efficiency, and adaptability in diverse EMM scenarios by using cutting-edge semiconductor devices like Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Gallium Nitride (GaN) in well-known configurations, such as buck, boost, buck–boost, and bidirectional converters to ensure great efficiency, reduce energy losses, and ensure compact and reliable designs. Ultimately, this review not only addresses existing gaps in the literature but also provides a guide for researchers, outlining future research directions to foster innovation and contribute to the development of sustainable, efficient, and environmentally friendly urban transportation systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future of Transport: Hybrid Electrification and Hydrogen Integration in Vehicles and Infrastructure)
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