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Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Conversion Systems
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Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Conversion Systems

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A1: Smart Grids and Microgrids".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2024) | Viewed by 4496

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Irina Temiz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 65, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
Interests: offshore renewable energy; control of renewable energy devices; grid integration of marine energy converters; power converters and renewable energy systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Janaína Gonçalves De Oliveira

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, Uppsala University, Box 65, 751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
Interests: electrical engineering control systems; power electronics applied to energy storage and renewable energy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Cecilia Boström

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, Division of Electricity, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
Interests: renewable energy; power system analysis; microgrids; energy storage; power electronics; electromobility
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Renewable energy conversion systems will play an important role in the ongoing energy transition process, aiming to meet the future zero net emission goals for sustainable development. Renewable energy from different sources such as the sun, wind, currents, and waves may cover a substantial proportion of the growing energy demand. However, the integration of renewable energy sources into the grid can bring additional challenges related to grid stability, continuous electrical power supply, and safe operation of the grid. Different approaches can be used at each resource level, such as control at the energy conversion system level, collaborative control within a farm of energy converters, and the use of eventual complementarity between different energy sources to tackle eventual spatial and temporal variability. Various energy storage systems can be used to ensure continuous power supply, power quality, and grid stability. This Special Issue aims to present the current state of the art in the areas of control of individual devices and their farms, as well as existing and novel hybrid power parks, the use of different energy storages, and their capacity to cover power and energy demands.

Dr. Irina Temiz
Dr. Janaína Gonçalves De Oliveira
Dr. Cecilia Boström
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • renewable energy conversion systems
  • hybrid and co-located power parks
  • control strategies and optimization
  • optimal operation for renewable integration
  • optimal planning for renewable integration
  • regulation strategies for renewable integration
  • energy storage systems and their optimization

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 3716 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Grid-Scale Photovoltaic Plants Incorporating Battery Storage with Daily Constant Setpoints
by Juan A. Tejero-Gómez and Ángel A. Bayod-Rújula
Energies 2024, 17(23), 6117; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17236117 - 5 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 785
Abstract
A global energy transition is crucial to combat climate change, involving a shift from fossil fuels to renewable sources and low-emission technologies. Solar photovoltaic technology has grown exponentially in the last decade, establishing itself as a cost-effective and sustainable option for electricity generation. [...] Read more.
A global energy transition is crucial to combat climate change, involving a shift from fossil fuels to renewable sources and low-emission technologies. Solar photovoltaic technology has grown exponentially in the last decade, establishing itself as a cost-effective and sustainable option for electricity generation. However, its large-scale integration faces challenges due to its intermittency and lack of dispatchability. This study evaluates, from an energy perspective, the case of hybrid photovoltaic (PV) plants with battery storage systems. It addresses an aspect little explored in the literature: the sizing of battery storage to maintain a steady and constant 24 h power supply, which is usually avoided due to its high cost. Although the current economic feasibility is limited, the rapidly falling price of lithium batteries suggests that this solution could be viable in the near future. Using Matlab simulations, the system’s ability to deliver a constant energy production of electricity is assessed. Energy indicators are used to identify the optimal system size under different scenarios and power setpoints. The results determine the optimal storage size to supply a constant power that covers all or a large part of the daily PV generation, achieving steady and reliable electricity production. In addition, the impact of using setpoints at different time horizons is assessed. This approach has the potential to redefine the perception of solar PV, making it a dispatchable energy source, improving its integration into the electricity grid, and supporting the transition to more sustainable and resilient energy systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Conversion Systems)
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18 pages, 8018 KiB  
Article
Photovoltaic Power Intermittency Mitigating with Battery Storage Using Improved WEEC Generic Models
by André Fernando Schiochet, Paulo Roberto Duailibe Monteiro, Thiago Trezza Borges, João Alberto Passos Filho and Janaína Gonçalves de Oliveira
Energies 2024, 17(20), 5166; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17205166 - 17 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1056
Abstract
The growing integration of renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaic and wind systems, into energy grids has underscored the need for reliable control mechanisms to mitigate the inherent intermittency of these sources. According to the Brazilian grid operator (ONS), there have been cascading [...] Read more.
The growing integration of renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaic and wind systems, into energy grids has underscored the need for reliable control mechanisms to mitigate the inherent intermittency of these sources. According to the Brazilian grid operator (ONS), there have been cascading disconnections in renewable energy distributed systems (REDs) in recent years, highlighting the need for robust control models. This article addresses this issue by presenting the validation of an active power ramp rate control (PRRC) function for a PV plant coupled with a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) using WECC generic models. The proposed model underwent rigorous validation over an extended analysis period, demonstrating good accuracy using the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and an R-squared (R2) metrics for the active power injected at the Point of Connection (POI), PV active power, and BESS State of Charge (SOC), providing valuable insights for medium and long-term analyses. The ramp rate control module was implemented within the plant power controller (PPC), leveraging second-generation Renewable Energy Systems (RES) models developed by the Western Electricity Coordination Council (WECC) as a foundational framework. We conducted simulations using the Anatem software, comparing the results with real-world data collected at 100 ms to 1000 ms intervals from a PV plant equipped with a BESS in Brazil. The proposed model underwent rigorous validation over an extended analysis period, with the presented results based on two days of measurements. The positive sequence model used to represent this control demonstrated good accuracy, as confirmed by metrics such as the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and R-squared (R2). Furthermore, the article underscores the critical role of accurately accounting for the power sampling rate when calculating the ramp rate. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Conversion Systems)
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27 pages, 4682 KiB  
Article
Development of a Cost-Driven, Real-Time Management Strategy for e-Mobility Hubs Including Islanded Operation
by Wagner Coelho Leal, Marcelo Oliveira Godinho, Rodrigo Antonio Sbardeloto Kraemer, Beatriz Batista Cardoso, Durval da Silva Neto and Mauricio Ibarra Dobes
Energies 2024, 17(17), 4229; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17174229 - 24 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 962
Abstract
The installation of electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) increases demand and peak loads, potentially straining existing energy distribution infrastructure. Dispersed and inadequately planned placement of charging points (CPs) can disrupt the electrical grid, surpass contracted demand thresholds, and require infrastructure upgrades, thereby incurring [...] Read more.
The installation of electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) increases demand and peak loads, potentially straining existing energy distribution infrastructure. Dispersed and inadequately planned placement of charging points (CPs) can disrupt the electrical grid, surpass contracted demand thresholds, and require infrastructure upgrades, thereby incurring unfeasible costs for Distribution System Operators (DSOs). In this context, it is necessary to recognize the role of business models in enabling effective electrification of the transportation sector. In response to these challenges, this paper introduces a novel e-mobility hub management strategy, tailored for implementation in the Brazilian context. The proposed strategy revolves around a microgrid configuration encompassing dispatchable and photovoltaic generation, a battery energy storage system (BESS), EVSE infrastructure, and local loads. Moreover, this centralized controller facilitates the implementation of dynamic pricing and demand-response mechanisms, integral to business models seeking to integrate EVSE into the distribution grid. To validate the efficacy of the proposed solution, hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulations of the microgrid system are conducted. These simulations, incorporating the centralized controller, serve as a tool for assessing system performance and viability before on-site equipment deployment. Finally, this paper concludes with the insights gleaned from test analysis and its discussion through a selection of the most expressive scenarios, including islanded and connected operation modes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Conversion Systems)
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21 pages, 4274 KiB  
Article
Hybrid Energy Storage Power Adaptive Optimization Strategy Based on Improved Model Predictive Control and Improved DBO-VMD
by Junda Huo and Jianwen Huo
Energies 2024, 17(13), 3312; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17133312 - 5 Jul 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1009
Abstract
In order to optimize the operation of the energy storage system (ESS) and allow it to better smooth renewable energy power fluctuations, an ESS power adaptive optimization strategy is proposed. Firstly, based on the real-time state of charge (SOC) of the ESS, an [...] Read more.
In order to optimize the operation of the energy storage system (ESS) and allow it to better smooth renewable energy power fluctuations, an ESS power adaptive optimization strategy is proposed. Firstly, based on the real-time state of charge (SOC) of the ESS, an adaptive weight coefficient is introduced to improve the model predictive control (MPC), and the grid-connected power and the total power of the ESS after smoothing the original photovoltaic output are obtained. Then, the variational mode decomposition (VMD) algorithm optimized by the improved dung beetle optimizer (DBO) algorithm (MSADBO) is proposed to decompose the total power, and the initial distribution of power is completed by combining the ESS characteristics. Finally, considering the charging and discharging times, SOC, and grid-connected volatility of the ESS, and aiming to address the shortcomings of traditional methods, a new ESS power optimization strategy is proposed. According to the simulation results, when compared to the conventional method, the proposed strategy improves the adaptability of ESS operation, reduces the number of ESS charging and discharging conversions, and ensures that the SOC does not exceed the limit when the ESS is operating and the wind power grid-connected fluctuation rate meets the requirements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Conversion Systems)
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