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Electronics
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Multi-Service Cloud-Based IoT Platforms
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Multi-Service Cloud-Based IoT Platforms

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Networks".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2023) | Viewed by 13618

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Ivan Ganchev

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Computer Systems, University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
2. Telecommunications Research Centre, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
Interests: IoT; novel telecommunications paradigms; future networks and services; smart ubiquitous networking; context-aware networking
Dr. Máirtín O'Droma

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Telecommunications Research Centre (TRC),University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
Interests: cognitive networks; NGN; future wireless network architectures and protocols; mobile cloud communications and services; IoT
Prof. Dr. Zhanlin Ji

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Hebei Key Laboratory of Industrial Intelligent Perception, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 063210, China
2. Telecommunications Research Centre (TRC), University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland
Interests: the ubiquitous consumer wireless world (UCWW); the Internet of Things (IoT); cloud computing; big data management; data mining
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Seen as another information and industrial wave, the Internet of things (IoT) finds wide application in multiple domains. For the provision of IoT services, the use of suitable IoT platforms is required, allowing a transparent connection with different types of IoT devices and offering (value-added) functionalities, such as application enablement, remote device control and management, telco/dew/fog/cloud connectivity and storage management, “big data” analytics and visualization, and so on, with some sort of freedom of use by and customization to users.

Following the novel horizontal design principles, which counter the former vertical/silo ones, a new horizontal type of IoT platforms has emerged that, by using the integration and interoperability principles, can simplify the existing IoT environment by eliminating duplicate solutions, enable inter-technology operation, and generate new IoT services and business opportunities. With this new approach, a service/application/network provider is enabled to deliver a complete horizontal-slice solution, applied to not just one but multiple IoT domains, meeting by the flexibility, scalability, cost-efficiency, and multi-purpose use requirements, with easy and timely adjustment of its operation to new use cases and scenarios, and with efficient management and control of the entire IoT ecosystem throughout its lifetime.

The aim of this Special Issue of Electronics is to present state-of-the-art R&D efforts in building multi-service cloud-based IoT platforms of horizontal type, applicable to different IoT domains. We invite scholars to contribute original and unique research articles, as well as review articles.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Generic solutions for the development of IoT platforms.
  • Cost-efficient methods for building IoT platforms.
  • Horizontal-slice IoT platform solutions.
  • Multi-service oriented IoT platforms.
  • Cloud-based IoT platforms.
  • IoT platforms supporting heterogeneous-type communications.
  • IoT platforms supporting heterogeneous-type data exchange.
  • Flexible, scalable, and easily expandable IoT platforms.
  • Multi-purpose IoT platforms.
  • Easy adjustable IoT platforms to new use cases and scenarios.
  • Open-source IoT platforms.
  • IoT platforms with open APIs.
  • IoT platforms with open data.
  • IoT platforms with open layers.
  • (open) Standard-based IoT platforms.

Prof. Dr. Ivan Ganchev
Dr. Máirtín O'Droma
Prof. Dr. Zhanlin Ji
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 1356 KiB  
Article
Energy-Efficient Resource Allocation in Aerial Base Stations
by Wilson Rogério Soares e Silva, Renato Hidaka Torres and Diego Lisboa Cardoso
Electronics 2023, 12(21), 4478; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12214478 - 31 Oct 2023
Viewed by 709
Abstract
Drones, or unmanned aerial vehicles, can be used as air base stations (UAV-BSs) for telecommunications. They prove useful in situations where the network is overloaded or unavailable due to natural disasters or maintenance work. UAV-BSs grant access to user/IoTs sensors on the ground, [...] Read more.
Drones, or unmanned aerial vehicles, can be used as air base stations (UAV-BSs) for telecommunications. They prove useful in situations where the network is overloaded or unavailable due to natural disasters or maintenance work. UAV-BSs grant access to user/IoTs sensors on the ground, but their electromagnetic signals may suffer losses because of their dynamic capacity to provide access at different altitudes. These losses lead to transmission impairments, such as attenuation, fading, and distortion. To overcome these issues and improve signal quality, the UAV-BS position must be optimized. However, finding the optimal placement is a challenge, and a wide range of strategies employing different approaches have been adopted. In this study, we proposed a 3D positioning strategy for UAV-BSs that serves the maximum number of users with the smallest number of UAV-BSs. Results showed that the proposed heuristic could find the best position and altitude for the UAV-BSs, provide network access for mobile user/IoTs (Internet of things) sensors, maximize the number of devices connected to the UAV-BSs, and guarantee a minimum throughput for users. The proposed heuristic not only performs well in terms of coverage and performance, but is also more energy-efficient than other algorithms found in the literature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Service Cloud-Based IoT Platforms)
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23 pages, 9327 KiB  
Article
Enhancing IoT Connectivity and Services for Worldwide Ships through Multi-Region Fog Cloud Architecture Platforms
by Hyoseong Hwang and Inwhee Joe
Electronics 2023, 12(20), 4250; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12204250 - 13 Oct 2023
Viewed by 852
Abstract
As technologies such as eco-friendly ships, electric propulsion vessels, and multi-fuel propulsion systems advance, the scope of IoT applications in maritime fields is expanding, resulting in increased complexity in control factors. The gradual progression towards Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) is further driving [...] Read more.
As technologies such as eco-friendly ships, electric propulsion vessels, and multi-fuel propulsion systems advance, the scope of IoT applications in maritime fields is expanding, resulting in increased complexity in control factors. The gradual progression towards Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) is further driving the evolution of ship-based IoT applications. These advancements underscore the necessity for a platform capable of ensuring reliable connectivity between ships and onshore. The limitations of the existing single cloud architecture become evident in this context. In response to these emerging challenges, this paper presents a cloud-based data platform structure anchored in the architecture of a multi-region fog cloud. Concurrently, we propose a strategic approach aimed at enhancing collision avoidance performance. This is achieved through the seamless sharing of navigation plan data among ships facilitated by the proposed platform structure. In regions densely populated with ships, there looms a potential for packet loss as data traffic sharing intensifies through the platform. To address this concern, we devised a traffic model based on the AIS data generation cycle and proposed an algorithm for subscription decision. Subsequently, we conducted comparative analyses of packet loss probabilities between the single cloud structure and the multi-region fog cloud structure. This was achieved through experimental packet loss data collected via the AWS cloud. Simulation results underscored a notable difference: with 100 subscribed ships, the packet loss probability in regions assuming a single cloud was about 28 times higher compared to the same region within the multi-region fog cloud structure. These simulations affirm the stable and effective implementation of the proposed collision avoidance performance enhancement method within the multi-region fog cloud structure. Furthermore, feasibility was corroborated through the successful implementation of the proposed platform via the AWS Cloud. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Service Cloud-Based IoT Platforms)
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21 pages, 7482 KiB  
Article
Horizontal IoT Platform EMULSION
by Ivan Ganchev, Zhanlin Ji and Máirtín O’Droma
Electronics 2023, 12(8), 1864; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12081864 - 14 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1515
Abstract
This article presents an overview of an Internet of Things (IoT) platform design based on a horizontal architectural principle. The goal in applying this principle is to overcome many of the disadvantages associated with the default design approach which, within this context, could [...] Read more.
This article presents an overview of an Internet of Things (IoT) platform design based on a horizontal architectural principle. The goal in applying this principle is to overcome many of the disadvantages associated with the default design approach which, within this context, could be classed as “vertical” in that the IoT system and service are usually designed as stand-alone “silo-like” entities on their own autonomous platform. In a pure sense, each new IoT system and service is a new design ab initio. With the “horizontal principle”, the goal is that in the creation of a new IoT system and service, the provider needs only provide or adapt relevant architectural elements within a horizontal slice of an existing IoT architecture to enable the delivery of the desired IoT service. This article shows how embedding the horizontal principle into an IoT platform design brings the benefits of system design efficiency, effectiveness, and flexibility, together with at least the same scalability attributes inherent in the existing platform, an easily accessible adjustment, fine-tuning, and an openness to new use cases and application scenarios. The vision is the enabling of the realization of a potential multipurpose use of the IoT systems and services built on top of such platforms. The article presents a selective survey on the state of the art in IoT domains of application and in IoT platform architectural design solutions and lines of development from a vertical–horizontal categorization perspective. It presents examples of both IoT platform design solution types in use today. Within the context of strongly recommending the application of the horizontal design principle, the multitiered structure of the authors’ own EMULSION IoT platform based on this horizontal principle is presented in detail in the final part of the article. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Service Cloud-Based IoT Platforms)
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21 pages, 30012 KiB  
Article
SODAS: Smart Open Data as a Service for Improving Interconnectivity and Data Usability
by Heesun Won, Jiwoo Han, Myeong-Seon Gil and Yang-Sae Moon
Electronics 2023, 12(5), 1237; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12051237 - 4 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1423
Abstract
In this study, we proposed Smart Open Data as a Service (SODAS) as a new open data platform based on the international standards Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT) and Comprehensive Knowledge Archive Network (CKAN) to facilitate the release and sharing of data. We first [...] Read more.
In this study, we proposed Smart Open Data as a Service (SODAS) as a new open data platform based on the international standards Data Catalog Vocabulary (DCAT) and Comprehensive Knowledge Archive Network (CKAN) to facilitate the release and sharing of data. We first analyze the five problems in the legacy CKAN and then draw up corresponding solutions through three core strategies: CKAN expansion, DCATv2 support, and extendable DataMap. We then define four components and nine function blocks of SODAS for each core strategy. As a result, SODAS drives Open Data Portal, Open Data Reference Model, DataMap Publisher, and Analytics and Development Environment (ADE) Provisioning for connecting the defined function blocks. We confirm that each function works correctly through the SODAS Web portal, and then we apply SODAS to actual data distribution sites to prove its efficiency and practical use. SODAS is the first open data platform that provides secure interoperability between heterogeneous platforms based on international standards, and it enables domain-free data management with flexible metadata. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Service Cloud-Based IoT Platforms)
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24 pages, 4485 KiB  
Article
A Key-Based Multi-Mode Clock-Controlled Stream Cipher for Real-Time Secure Communications of IoT
by Shyi-Tsong Wu
Electronics 2023, 12(5), 1076; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12051076 - 21 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1411
Abstract
With the rapid development of the Internet and wireless communications, as well as the popularization of personal communication systems, the security of real-time communications is demanded. The efficient technology of stream ciphers can satisfy this requirement of security. In this paper, to enhance [...] Read more.
With the rapid development of the Internet and wireless communications, as well as the popularization of personal communication systems, the security of real-time communications is demanded. The efficient technology of stream ciphers can satisfy this requirement of security. In this paper, to enhance the security strength of stream ciphers, we design a key-based multi-mode clock-controlled stream cipher for real-time secure communications of the Internet of things (IoT). The proposed stream cipher is equipped with a multi-mode depending on the key. The different working modes are shipped with different encrypting circuits depending on the user’s key. We analyze the period, the linear complexity, and use known attacks to verify the security strength of the proposed cipher. Compared with existing dual mode clock-controlled stream ciphers, the merits of our proposed cipher are its long period, high linear complexity, low hardware complex, low initialization clock, and simplicity in mode switching. Furthermore, the proposed cipher passes the FIPS PUB 140-1 and SP800-22 tests, obtaining at least 97.00%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Service Cloud-Based IoT Platforms)
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19 pages, 2889 KiB  
Article
A Skin Disease Classification Model Based on DenseNet and ConvNeXt Fusion
by Mingjun Wei, Qiwei Wu, Hongyu Ji, Jingkun Wang, Tao Lyu, Jinyun Liu and Li Zhao
Electronics 2023, 12(2), 438; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12020438 - 14 Jan 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 5737
Abstract
Skin disease is one of the most common diseases. Due to the intricate categories of skin diseases, their symptoms being very similar in the early stage, and the lesion samples being extremely unbalanced, their classification is challenging. At the same time, under the [...] Read more.
Skin disease is one of the most common diseases. Due to the intricate categories of skin diseases, their symptoms being very similar in the early stage, and the lesion samples being extremely unbalanced, their classification is challenging. At the same time, under the conditions of limited data, the generalization ability of a single reliable convolutional neural network model is weak, the feature extraction ability is insufficient, and the classification accuracy is low. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed a convolutional neural network model for skin disease classification based on model fusion. Through model fusion, deep and shallow feature fusion, and the introduction of an attention module, the feature extraction capacity of the model was strengthened. In addition, a series of works such as model pre-training, data augmentation, and parameter fine-tuning were conducted to upgrade the classification performance of the model. The experimental results showed that when working on our private dataset dominated by acne-like skin diseases, our proposed model outperformed the two baseline models of DenseNet201 and ConvNeXt_L by 4.42% and 3.66%, respectively. On the public HAM10000 dataset, the accuracy and f1-score of the proposed model were 95.29% and 89.99%, respectively, which also achieved good results compared with other state-of-the-art models. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Service Cloud-Based IoT Platforms)
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