Electronics

Research

10 pages, 585 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Design of Parameter-Optimized Spiral Arrays with Ultra-Wideband Grating Lobe Suppression

by Siqi Liu, Liyang Chen and Yanhui Liu

Electronics 2023, 12(7), 1664; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12071664 - 31 Mar 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1085

An effective method is presented to design the layout of spiral array with ultra-wideband (UWB) grating lobe suppression. In this method, the general array factor expression of spiral array is formulated. Then, the synthesis problem of spiral array layout is converted to an [...] Read more.

An effective method is presented to design the layout of spiral array with ultra-wideband (UWB) grating lobe suppression. In this method, the general array factor expression of spiral array is formulated. Then, the synthesis problem of spiral array layout is converted to an optimization problem of three geometric parameters: s, r and

Δ ϕ

. These parameters can determine the exact position of each element. The optimization problem is solved by particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm where the constraints of element spacing and array aperture are introduced. For different-sized spiral arrays, there are always only three variables that need to be optimized in the PSO algorithm, which allows the proposed method to handle the layout design of large-scale spiral arrays with UWB grating lobe suppression. Two examples with different synthesis requirements are conducted to verify the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Planar and Spatial Filtering Techniques for Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Applications)

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10 pages, 4511 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Single-Layer Interconnected Magneto-Electric Dipole Antenna Array for 5G Communication Applications

by Zihao Chen, Wenxu Zhang and Kaixu Wang

Electronics 2023, 12(4), 922; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12040922 - 12 Feb 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1491

Abstract

A high-gain and wideband interconnected magneto-electric (ME) dipole on a single-layer PCB substrate is designed for 5G communication applications. Microstrip lines and coplanar striplines (CPSs) serve as transmission lines to connect the ME dipole elements along the E-plane and the H-plane directions, respectively. [...] Read more.

A high-gain and wideband interconnected magneto-electric (ME) dipole on a single-layer PCB substrate is designed for 5G communication applications. Microstrip lines and coplanar striplines (CPSs) serve as transmission lines to connect the ME dipole elements along the E-plane and the H-plane directions, respectively. Impedance matching and sidelobe-level suppression are the key challenges to design a large-scale interconnected ME dipole antenna array. It is shown that impedance matching can be improved by introducing slots and adjusting the width of microstrip lines. Sidelobe level can be enhanced by properly choosing the length of the microstrip lines. A 5 × 5 interconnected ME dipole array is fabricated on a single layer of the RT/duroid 5880 substrate. The proposed antenna exhibits a measured −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 14.5 GHz (52% at 28 GHz) and a maximal peak realized gain of 20.44 dBi at 27.5 GHz with a 3 dB gain bandwidth of 3.5 GHz (12.5% at 28 GHz). The proposed antenna array is a good candidate for 5G communication applications due to its advantages of simple feeding structure, wide bandwidth, high gain, and low profile. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Planar and Spatial Filtering Techniques for Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Applications)

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11 pages, 6224 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design of a New Capacitive Load Cross-Coupled Cavity Filter

by Jingchao Wang, Rui Wang, Lezhong Li, Junlin Guo and Jian Zhang

Electronics 2023, 12(1), 142; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12010142 - 28 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2563

Abstract

This paper presents a new design method for a capacitor-loaded cross-coupled cavity filter, which significantly increases the power capacity of the cavity filter while improving out-of-band rejection. The filter uses a coaxial resonator at the open end of the donut capacitive-load. A triangular [...] Read more.

This paper presents a new design method for a capacitor-loaded cross-coupled cavity filter, which significantly increases the power capacity of the cavity filter while improving out-of-band rejection. The filter uses a coaxial resonator at the open end of the donut capacitive-load. A triangular form of cavity structure is used for the full-cavity arrangement to reduce the size of the filter. In order to validate the design, a filter with a center frequency of 2.08 GHz and bandwidth of 80 MHz was designed, processed, and tested. The measured insertion loss was ≤0.97 dB, and the return loss was >20 dB in the range of 2040 MHz to 2120 MHz; the rejection was as high as 80 dB, and in-band ripple was 0.06 dB in the upper and lower stopband-range, which was only 30 MHz away from the sideband. After a simulation of the model using HFSS software (HFSS 2021, Canonsburg, PA, USA), the measured results matched the simulation results, which verified the correctness and practicality of the design. Compared with the ordinary-disc-load resonant cavity, the new donut capacitively loaded cavity-bandpass-filter has a 13.2% reduction in height and a 29.7% increase in power capacity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Planar and Spatial Filtering Techniques for Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Applications)

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12 pages, 5522 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Novel Planar Ultra-Wideband Modular Antenna Array with Low Profile

by Yuan Ye, Shaozhi Wang, Boyuan Liu, Qingping Wang, Yang Zhou, Jingjian Huang, Xi Chen, Quan Xue and Naichang Yuan

Electronics 2022, 11(24), 4173; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11244173 - 14 Dec 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1770

Abstract

A planar ultra-wideband modular antenna array with an ultra-low profile based on a tight coupling effect is proposed. The antenna array is composed of multi-layer printed circuit boards. Since its frequency operation can extend up to the grading lobe frequency, the number of [...] Read more.

A planar ultra-wideband modular antenna array with an ultra-low profile based on a tight coupling effect is proposed. The antenna array is composed of multi-layer printed circuit boards. Since its frequency operation can extend up to the grading lobe frequency, the number of T/R components for the antenna aperture is reduced to the greatest extent. Specifically, a horizontal “fin” structure is added on the parallel feeding lines, which assists in improving the impedance matching of the array. In order to break the bandwidth limitation of the low-frequency loop mode, a capacitive short-circuit probe is introduced to push the common-mode resonance point into the low-frequency band. Finally, subject to Active VSWR < 3, the array can realize E-plane, H-plane, and D-plane ± 45° beam scan coverage across the 6:1 frequency band (3.48–20.97 GHz). A 128-element prototype was processed and tested to validate the design. This array not only has the advantages of low profile, modularity, easy assembly, and maintenance but also minimizes the number of T/R components and reduces the cost of phased array antennas. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Planar and Spatial Filtering Techniques for Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Applications)

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8 pages, 7130 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Compact Quad-Mode BPF Based on Half-Mode Short-Circuited Semicircular Patch Resonator

by Feng Gao, Songbo Chen, Miao He, Weiwei Sun, Xiaojian Chen, Haokun Wei, Nan Wang, Wanyu Zhang and Kaida Xu

Electronics 2022, 11(18), 2838; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11182838 - 08 Sep 2022

Viewed by 903

Abstract

Wideband bandpass filter (BPF) design using a half-mode patch resonator with multiple resonant modes is proposed in this paper. The resonator is formed from a short-circuited circular patch loaded with radial slots. The metallized vias are positioned in a circle. Its radius is [...] Read more.

Wideband bandpass filter (BPF) design using a half-mode patch resonator with multiple resonant modes is proposed in this paper. The resonator is formed from a short-circuited circular patch loaded with radial slots. The metallized vias are positioned in a circle. Its radius is used to tune the resonant frequencies of the resonator. According to the surface current distributions of the eigenmodes, different numbers of the radial slots can be distributed on the patch to prolong the current paths of the relevant eigenmodes, the resonant frequencies of which can be shifted down to that of the dominant mode, the TM010 mode. As a result, a semicircular patch resonator loaded with three slots is used to design a compact quad-mode wideband BPF, which employs TM010, TM110, TM210, and TM310 modes. Furthermore, the coupling between input and output feeding lines is introduced to realize two transmission zeros at both sides of the passband. Therefore, the selectivity is improved. The experiment has verified the theoretical analysis and the design approach. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Planar and Spatial Filtering Techniques for Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Applications)

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9 pages, 2474 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dielectric-Loaded Miniaturized Cavity Bandpass Filter with Improved Power Capacity

by Chuicai Rong, Yun Xu and Yuming Zhang

Electronics 2022, 11(9), 1441; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11091441 - 29 Apr 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1590

Abstract

A novel design method of dielectric-loaded miniaturized cavity bandpass filter is presented in this paper. The proposed cavity resonator is filled with dielectric material to improve power capacity, while realizing the miniaturization of the filter. To validate our proposal, a bandpass filter with [...] Read more.

A novel design method of dielectric-loaded miniaturized cavity bandpass filter is presented in this paper. The proposed cavity resonator is filled with dielectric material to improve power capacity, while realizing the miniaturization of the filter. To validate our proposal, a bandpass filter with a center frequency of 1475 MHz and bandwidth of 90 MHz is designed, fabricated, and measured. The measured insertion loss is ≤0.49 dB and return loss is ≥20 dB in 1430 MHz~1520 MHz. The measured upper stopband rejection is greater than 48.5 dB in 1575 MHz~2700 MHz. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulation, which verifies the effectiveness and practicability of the method. The metal cavity bandpass filter, filled with dielectric material, is reduced by 25% in the thickness direction and its power capacity is increased by 45.8%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Planar and Spatial Filtering Techniques for Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Applications)

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6 pages, 2051 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Broadband Coplanar Waveguide to Air-Filled Rectangular Waveguide Transition

by Yuyu Zhao, Jun Dong, Fan Yin, Xinchun Fang and Ke Xiao

Electronics 2022, 11(7), 1057; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11071057 - 28 Mar 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2217

Abstract

This article introduces a novel transition between coplanar waveguide (CPW) and air-filled rectangular waveguide (RWG). A rectangular radiator etched with a semi-elliptic slot is connected to the center conductor of CPW to realize the transition, which broadens the bandwidth. This direct transition does [...] Read more.

This article introduces a novel transition between coplanar waveguide (CPW) and air-filled rectangular waveguide (RWG). A rectangular radiator etched with a semi-elliptic slot is connected to the center conductor of CPW to realize the transition, which broadens the bandwidth. This direct transition does not require intermediate transition or air-bridges. Moreover, the planar circuit of the transition can be designed with high- and low-permittivity materials (ε_r = 10.2 and 2.22), which offer more benefits in both PCB and MMIC design. Two back-to-back transition prototypes at X-band are designed, fabricated and measured. The 15 dB fractional bandwidths are expanded to 44.7% and 47.6% respectively, which have been demonstrated in both of the transitions (ε_r = 10.2 and 2.22). The measurement results agree well with simulation results, which validate the feasibility of this design. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Planar and Spatial Filtering Techniques for Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Applications)

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10 pages, 2891 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

A Tunable Constant-Absolute-Bandwidth Bandpass Filter with Switchable Ability

by Tiejun Du, Dujuan Wei, Pengquan Zhang, Boran Guan and Yue Gu

Electronics 2022, 11(7), 1047; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11071047 - 27 Mar 2022

Viewed by 1443

Abstract

This paper presents a tunable bandpass filter (BPF) with constant absolute bandwidth (CABW) and switchable properties. The BPF is performed by using a tri-mode cross-shape resonator (CSR) loaded with varactors. The CABW and switchable ability are achieved by adjusting the resonant frequencies. Meanwhile, [...] Read more.

This paper presents a tunable bandpass filter (BPF) with constant absolute bandwidth (CABW) and switchable properties. The BPF is performed by using a tri-mode cross-shape resonator (CSR) loaded with varactors. The CABW and switchable ability are achieved by adjusting the resonant frequencies. Meanwhile, the two transmission zeros (TZs) produced by center-loaded stubs strengthen the skirt selectivity in the on-state and the isolation in the off-state. For demonstration, a tri-pole switchable BPF with three control voltages is implemented and verified, and the control mechanism is simple. In the on-state, it exhibits a 120 MHz, 3 dB CABW with the measured insertion loss (IL) of 2.2–2.5 dB in the tuning range of 0.816–1.188 GHz. In the off-state, the measured isolation is better than 27 dB. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Planar and Spatial Filtering Techniques for Millimeter-Wave and Terahertz Applications)

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