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Integration of Electric Vehicle Chargers and Energy Storage Systems in...
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Integration of Electric Vehicle Chargers and Energy Storage Systems in Smart Grids

A special issue of Electronics (ISSN 2079-9292). This special issue belongs to the section "Electrical and Autonomous Vehicles".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2025) | Viewed by 1579

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Riccardo Mandrioli

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Guest Editor
Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
Interests: power electronics; power converters; electric vehicles; renewables; pulse-width-modulation; harmonic pollution
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Mattia Simonazzi

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Guest Editor
Department of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, Italy
Interests: wireless power transfer; electromagnetic compatibility; applied superconductivity; power electronics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Vítor Monteiro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Algoritmi Research Centre, Department of Industrial Electronics, University of Minho, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal
Interests: power electronics converters; electric mobility; renewable energy sources; digital control techniques; smart grids
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Sheldon Williamson

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Electrical, Computer and Software Engineering, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, OR L1H 7K4, Canada
Interests: battery-powered vehicles; switching converters; battery chargers; induction motor drives; power capacitors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming increasingly popular as a sustainable mode of transportation, capable of enabling an effective green transition when integrated in renewable-fed smart grids. In this framework, energy storage systems (ESSs) have become crucial in helping to manage the variability of power production from renewable energy sources and in allocating energy for high power loads (such as EV charging stations), ensuring a stable and reliable electricity supply. Proper modeling and power flow control are still open issues requiring particular attention that can be optimized based on factors such as energy demand, electricity prices, and grid capacity.

Power network interfaces with EVs and ESSs through power converters, which effectively drive the whole infrastructure. As technology continues to advance, their architecture and control algorithms play a crucial role in the future development of the grid. Furthermore, their diffusion reveals the need to also consider electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues, both on individual devices and on the smart grid, in which the aggregation of disturbances can compromise the functioning of the network itself.

The design of EV chargers and ESSs and their integration into the electric infrastructure must therefore be addressed with awareness of the power system architecture, as well as control and electromagnetic compatibility issues, ensuring the transition towards a more sustainable and resilient energy system.

The topics of interest include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Power electronics converters for EV charging and ESSs;
  • EV supply equipment architectures with renewable generation and ESSs;
  • Harmonic pollution, supraharmonics, and electromagnetic compatibility in EV supply equipment;
  • Power quality in AC and DC smart grids;
  • Wireless power transfer (WPT) chargers of EVs;
  • EMC issues in WPT systems;
  • Hybrid and second-life batteries in ESSs used for EV charging;
  • Optimized and collaborative control algorithms;
  • Operation modes for electric mobility (e.g., G2V and V2G);
  • Reliability and fault-tolerant power electronics converters in smart grids;
  • Decision, energy control, and demand response of EV in smart grids.

Dr. Riccardo Mandrioli
Dr. Mattia Simonazzi
Dr. Vítor Monteiro
Prof. Dr. Sheldon Williamson
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Electronics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • battery charger
  • electric vehicles (EVs)
  • energy storage systems
  • power converters
  • electromagnetic compatibility (EMC)
  • supraharmonics
  • smart grids

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

26 pages, 16020 KB  
Article
Energy Management of Hybrid Electric Commercial Vehicles Based on Neural Network-Optimized Model Predictive Control
by Jinlong Hong, Fan Yang, Xi Luo, Xiaoxiang Na, Hongqing Chu and Mengjian Tian
Electronics 2025, 14(16), 3176; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14163176 - 9 Aug 2025
Viewed by 503
Abstract
Energy management for hybrid electric commercial vehicles, involving continuous power output and discrete gear shifting, constitutes a typical mixed-integer programming (MIP) problem, presenting significant challenges for real-time performance and computational efficiency. To address this, this paper proposes a physics-informed neural network-optimized model predictive [...] Read more.
Energy management for hybrid electric commercial vehicles, involving continuous power output and discrete gear shifting, constitutes a typical mixed-integer programming (MIP) problem, presenting significant challenges for real-time performance and computational efficiency. To address this, this paper proposes a physics-informed neural network-optimized model predictive control (PINN-MPC) strategy. On one hand, this strategy simultaneously optimizes continuous and discrete states within the MPC framework to achieve the integrated objectives of minimizing fuel consumption, tracking speed, and managing battery state-of-charge (SOC). On the other hand, to overcome the prohibitively long solving time of the MIP-MPC, a physics-informed neural network (PINN) optimizer is designed. This optimizer employs the soft-argmax function to handle discrete gear variables and embeds system dynamics constraints using an augmented Lagrangian approach. Validated via hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testing under two distinct real-world driving cycles, the results demonstrate that, compared to the open-source solver BONMIN, PINN-MPC significantly reduces computation time—dramatically decreasing the average solving time from approximately 10 s to about 5 ms—without sacrificing the combined vehicle dynamic and economic performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integration of Electric Vehicle Chargers and Energy Storage Systems in Smart Grids)
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16 pages, 2472 KB  
Article
Performance Evaluation of DAB-Based Partial- and Full-Power Processing for BESS in Support of Trolleybus Traction Grids
by Jiayi Geng, Rudolf Francesco Paternost, Sara Baldisserri, Mattia Ricco, Vitor Monteiro, Sheldon Williamson and Riccardo Mandrioli
Electronics 2025, 14(14), 2871; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14142871 - 18 Jul 2025
Viewed by 342
Abstract
The energy transition toward greater electrification leads to incentives in public transportation fed by catenary-powered networks. In this context, emerging technological devices such as in-motion-charging vehicles and electric vehicle charging points are expected to be operated while connected to trolleybus networks as part [...] Read more.
The energy transition toward greater electrification leads to incentives in public transportation fed by catenary-powered networks. In this context, emerging technological devices such as in-motion-charging vehicles and electric vehicle charging points are expected to be operated while connected to trolleybus networks as part of new electrification projects, resulting in a significant demand for power. To enable a significant increase in electric transportation without compromising technical compliance for voltage and current at grid systems, the implementation of stationary battery energy storage systems (BESSs) can be essential for new electrification projects. A key challenge for BESSs is the selection of the optimal converter topology for charging their batteries. Ideally, the chosen converter should offer the highest efficiency while minimizing size, weight, and cost. In this context, a modular dual-active-bridge converter, considering its operation as a full-power converter (FPC) and a partial-power converter (PPC) with module-shedding control, is analyzed in terms of operation efficiencies and thermal behavior. The goal is to clarify the advantages, disadvantages, challenges, and trade-offs of both power-processing techniques following future trends in the electric transportation sector. The results indicate that the PPC achieves an efficiency of 98.58% at the full load of 100 kW, which is 1.19% higher than that of FPC. Additionally, higher power density and cost effectiveness are confirmed for the PPC. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integration of Electric Vehicle Chargers and Energy Storage Systems in Smart Grids)
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