Periodontal and Other Associated Oral Diseases: Diagnosis and Management in the Context of Systemic Pathology, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2026 | Viewed by 2049

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Iasi, 700115 Iasi, Romania
Interests: periodontal disease; periimplantitis, periodontal diagnosis; point-of-care testing; periodontal disease treatment; interaction between periodontitis and systemic diseases
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Oral diseases, such as periodontal and peri-implant diseases, dental caries, medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw, oral leukoplakia, cancer, oral lichen planus, and other auto-immune diseases, that have manifestations in the oral cavity cause major health and social issues. In addition to the affected function, esthetics, and quality of life that these pathologies induce, there is also the significant economic burden that one must consider. Diagnosis for these pathologies can be difficult to navigate; however, recent developments in medicine (such as, but not limited to, improved radiological and non-invasive techniques, chair-side tests, biological, immunological and paraclinical tests) have expanded the knowledge base of these diseases.

Taking all this into account, non-invasive early diagnosis that can discriminate between health and pathology, and the possible systemic disease interactions and effects on the oral cavity and vice versa, is paramount for the correct assessment and management of patients. Moreover, the effectiveness of treatment and monitoring during the maintenance phase is a necessary step in appropriate disease management in the context of personalized medicine and patient-centered approach.

This Special Issue of Diagnostics and the Journal of Clinical Medicine aims to share recent advancements and knowledge of diagnosing periodontal and peri-implant and other oral diseases, along with methods of monitoring disease progression and treatment effectiveness. We cordially invite researchers to submit either original research or reviews in the areas including, but not limited to, oral diseases diagnosis and treatment, theoretical and clinical studies on new and established diagnostic methods, treatment effectiveness evaluation, systemic diseases and medication effects on the oral cavity, and new clinical treatment procedures and protocols. 

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in Journal of Clinical Medicine.

Prof. Dr. Silvia Martu
Prof. Dr. Liliana-Georgeta Foia
Dr. Maria Alexandra Mârțu
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • periodontitis
  • oral diseases
  • periimplantitis
  • biomarkers
  • cytokines
  • oxidative stress markers
  • PCR test
  • point-of-care test
  • CBCT
  • periodontal treatment
  • immunomodulatory therapy
  • local drug delivery

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 779 KB  
Article
Oxidative Stress Markers Associated with Gingival Inflammatory Status in Children with Leukemia
by Alina Adumitroaie, Larisa Ghemiș, Maria-Alexandra Mârțu, Liliana Georgeta Foia, Catalina Iulia Saveanu, Delia Lidia Salaru, Alina Andronovici, Carmen Delianu and Vasilica Toma
Diagnostics 2025, 15(22), 2915; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15222915 - 18 Nov 2025
Viewed by 296
Abstract
Background/Objectives: This study aimed to investigate specific biomarkers of oxidative stress within gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and plasma obtained from children with leukemia compared to healthy subjects, in relation to the oral hygiene status and gingival inflammatory status, in order to identify [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: This study aimed to investigate specific biomarkers of oxidative stress within gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and plasma obtained from children with leukemia compared to healthy subjects, in relation to the oral hygiene status and gingival inflammatory status, in order to identify a possible association linking childhood leukemia with gingival inflammation. Methods: The study comprised biomarker analysis from 97 children divided into two groups: 47 leukemia subjects and 50 systemically healthy children in the control group. The GCF and plasma specimens were analyzed to determine values of 8-OHdG (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine) and SOD (superoxide dismutase) using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) techniques, while MDA (malondialdehyde) values were measured through colorimetry. Results: We found elevated plasma expressions of all investigated biological parameters among leukemic children relative to the control group. GCF measurements highlighted raised 8-OHdG and SOD in leukemic individuals, while MDA recorded no significant shift between the groups. The statistical analysis also revealed a possible GCF and plasma SOD levels associated with the oral hygiene and gingival inflammatory status. Conclusions: The increased expression of oxidative stress markers we found in children with leukemia underlines the heightened inflammatory and oxidative burden in this category of population, yet additional studies are needed to clarify the intricate relation between systemic oxidative stress, oral biomarkers and gingival health outcomes in children, especially in children with critical systemic alterations such as leukemia. Full article
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Review

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11 pages, 844 KB  
Review
The Oral–Gut–Systemic Axis: Emerging Insights into Periodontitis, Microbiota Dysbiosis, and Systemic Disease Interplay
by Amani M. Harrandah
Diagnostics 2025, 15(21), 2784; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15212784 - 3 Nov 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1437
Abstract
The oral cavity harbors one of the most diverse microbial ecosystems in the human body, second only to the gut. Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease arising from oral microbiota dysbiosis, has been increasingly associated with systemic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid [...] Read more.
The oral cavity harbors one of the most diverse microbial ecosystems in the human body, second only to the gut. Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease arising from oral microbiota dysbiosis, has been increasingly associated with systemic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and neurodegenerative conditions. Although hematogenous dissemination of oral pathogens and inflammatory mediators has long been proposed as a mechanistic link, emerging evidence identifies the oral–gut axis as a novel bidirectional pathway. Swallowed oral pathobionts, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum, can colonize the gut, disrupt the intestinal barrier, and induce dysbiosis, immune imbalance, and metabolic alterations that aggravate systemic inflammation and disease progression. In contrast, gut dysbiosis, especially in obesity or high-fat-diet models, can exacerbate periodontal tissue destruction through hyperuricemia, altered bone metabolism, and Th17/Treg immune imbalance. Experimental and clinical studies further support this reciprocal relationship, implicating microbial, metabolic, and immune crosstalk in both oral and systemic pathology. Understanding this oral–gut–systemic axis offers a paradigm shift in diagnostics and therapeutics, focusing on precision interventions such as microbiome modulation, probiotics, and integrated oral care to mitigate systemic inflammatory burden and improve overall health outcomes. Full article
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