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Diagnostics
Volume 15
Issue 22
10.3390/diagnostics15222915
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Oxidative Stress Markers Associated with Gingival Inflammatory Status in Children with Leukemia

by
Alina Adumitroaie
1,
Larisa Ghemiș
1,
Maria-Alexandra Mârțu
1,
Liliana Georgeta Foia
1,2,*,
Catalina Iulia Saveanu
1,
Delia Lidia Salaru
1,3,
Alina Andronovici
4,
Carmen Delianu
2 and
Vasilica Toma
1
1
Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Universitatii Street 16, 700115 Iasi, Romania
2
Division of Medical Analyses Laboratory, Clinical Emergency Hospital St. Spiridon, 700111 Iasi, Romania
3
Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 50 Carol I Avenue, 700503 Iasi, Romania
4
PerioClinic Private Practice, 4 Basota Avenue, 700802 Iasi, Romania
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Diagnostics 2025, 15(22), 2915; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15222915
Submission received: 10 October 2025 / Revised: 14 November 2025 / Accepted: 17 November 2025 / Published: 18 November 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Periodontal and Other Associated Oral Diseases: Diagnosis and Management in the Context of Systemic Pathology, 2nd Edition)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to investigate specific biomarkers of oxidative stress within gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and plasma obtained from children with leukemia compared to healthy subjects, in relation to the oral hygiene status and gingival inflammatory status, in order to identify a possible association linking childhood leukemia with gingival inflammation. Methods: The study comprised biomarker analysis from 97 children divided into two groups: 47 leukemia subjects and 50 systemically healthy children in the control group. The GCF and plasma specimens were analyzed to determine values of 8-OHdG (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine) and SOD (superoxide dismutase) using ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) techniques, while MDA (malondialdehyde) values were measured through colorimetry. Results: We found elevated plasma expressions of all investigated biological parameters among leukemic children relative to the control group. GCF measurements highlighted raised 8-OHdG and SOD in leukemic individuals, while MDA recorded no significant shift between the groups. The statistical analysis also revealed a possible GCF and plasma SOD levels associated with the oral hygiene and gingival inflammatory status. Conclusions: The increased expression of oxidative stress markers we found in children with leukemia underlines the heightened inflammatory and oxidative burden in this category of population, yet additional studies are needed to clarify the intricate relation between systemic oxidative stress, oral biomarkers and gingival health outcomes in children, especially in children with critical systemic alterations such as leukemia.
Keywords: gingival disease; gingival pathology; gingival inflammation; children; leukemia; oxidative stress gingival disease; gingival pathology; gingival inflammation; children; leukemia; oxidative stress

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MDPI and ACS Style

Adumitroaie, A.; Ghemiș, L.; Mârțu, M.-A.; Foia, L.G.; Saveanu, C.I.; Salaru, D.L.; Andronovici, A.; Delianu, C.; Toma, V. Oxidative Stress Markers Associated with Gingival Inflammatory Status in Children with Leukemia. Diagnostics 2025, 15, 2915. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15222915

AMA Style

Adumitroaie A, Ghemiș L, Mârțu M-A, Foia LG, Saveanu CI, Salaru DL, Andronovici A, Delianu C, Toma V. Oxidative Stress Markers Associated with Gingival Inflammatory Status in Children with Leukemia. Diagnostics. 2025; 15(22):2915. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15222915

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adumitroaie, Alina, Larisa Ghemiș, Maria-Alexandra Mârțu, Liliana Georgeta Foia, Catalina Iulia Saveanu, Delia Lidia Salaru, Alina Andronovici, Carmen Delianu, and Vasilica Toma. 2025. "Oxidative Stress Markers Associated with Gingival Inflammatory Status in Children with Leukemia" Diagnostics 15, no. 22: 2915. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15222915

APA Style

Adumitroaie, A., Ghemiș, L., Mârțu, M.-A., Foia, L. G., Saveanu, C. I., Salaru, D. L., Andronovici, A., Delianu, C., & Toma, V. (2025). Oxidative Stress Markers Associated with Gingival Inflammatory Status in Children with Leukemia. Diagnostics, 15(22), 2915. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15222915

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