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Role of Imaging in the Detection, Management, Histopathological Correlations

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A special issue of Diagnostics (ISSN 2075-4418). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Imaging and Theranostics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 20593

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Boguslaw Mikaszewski

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Guest Editor

Department of Otolaryngology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, ul. Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdansk, Poland
Interests: head and neck oncology; parotid gland tumors; laryngeal cancer; transoral laser surgery; imaging in otolaryngology; diagnostics in head and neck tumors
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Dr. Karolina Markiet

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2nd Department of Radiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdansk, Poland
Interests: head and neck imaging

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is dedicated to the problems that we are facing when diagnosing the location and size/stage of the lesion and its histological nature. One of the most important factor before taking a decision on the disease treatment (surgery, or radiotherapy/chemotherapy alone, or chemoradiotherapy) is as accurate as possible diagnosis. The value of imaging is indisputable, if one takes into consideration all modern modalities of ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography. Histopathological assessment of the tumor tissue is always the final diagnosis, that can confirm clinical and radiological findings. Thus our efforts are focused on the use of the most effective imaging techniques that could correlate to the highest degree with the final diagnosis. Authors are invite to present their investigation results on these problems in correlation with clinical practice, image -guided treatment procedures, and new perspectives in applying imaging and histopathology in oncological and non-oncological diagnostics.

Prof. Dr. Boguslaw Mikaszewski
Dr. Karolina Markiet
Guest Editors

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Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Diagnostics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

tumor imaging
histopathology
clinical value of tumor imaging
image-guided treatment
diagnostics

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Published Papers (8 papers)

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17 pages, 3646 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging and Standard Mono-Exponential Apparent Diffusion Coefficient in Diagnosis of Significant Prostate Cancer—A Correlation with Gleason Score Assessed on Whole-Mount Histopathology Specimens

by Anna Żurowska, Rafał Pęksa, Małgorzata Grzywińska, Damian Panas, Marek Sowa, Katarzyna Skrobisz, Marcin Matuszewski and Edyta Szurowska

Diagnostics 2023, 13(2), 173; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13020173 - 4 Jan 2023

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2425

Abstract

Background: The study was undertaken to compare the diagnostic performance of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) with the standard monoexponential (ME) apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) model in the detection of significant prostate cancer (PCa), using whole-mount histopathology of radical prostatectomy specimens as a reference standard. Methods: 155 patients with prostate cancer had undergone multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) at 3T before prostatectomy. Quantitative diffusion parameters—the apparent diffusion coefficient corrected for non-Gaussian behavior (D_app), kurtosis (K), ADC₁₂₀₀, and ADC₂₀₀₀ were correlated with Gleason score and compared between cancerous and benign tissue and between GS ≤ 3 + 3 and GS ≥ 3 + 4 tumors. Results: The mean values of all diffusion parameters (D_app, K, ADC₁₂₀₀, ADC₂₀₀₀) were significantly different both between malignant and benign tissue and between GS ≤ 3 + 3 and GS ≥ 3 + 4 tumors. Although the kurtosis model was better fitted to DWI data, the diagnostic performance in receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis of DKI and the standard ADC model in the detection of significant PCa was similar in the peripheral zone (PZ) and in peripheral and transitional zones (TZ) together. In conclusion, our study was not able to demonstrate a clear superiority of the kurtosis model over standard ADC in the diagnosis of significant PCa in PZ and in both zones combined. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Imaging in the Detection, Management, Histopathological Correlations)

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9 pages, 833 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Subcortical Structure Volumes in Patients with Non-Specific Digestive Diseases

by Katarzyna Skrobisz, Grazyna Piotrowicz, Agata Rudnik, Patrycja Naumczyk, Agnieszka Sabisz, Karolina Markiet and Edyta Szurowska

Diagnostics 2022, 12(9), 2199; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12092199 - 9 Sep 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2214

Abstract

(1) Background: To evaluate volume of subcortical structures such as hippocampus, globus pallidus, putamen, thalamus, nucleus accumbens, amygdala, caudate in patients with non-specific digestive diseases (functional dyspepsia—FD, irritable bowel syndrome—IBS) and non-specific inflammatory bowel diseases—IBD (colitis ulcerosa and Crohn’s disease) in comparison to healthy control group (CON). (2) Material: The analysis included data obtained from 57 patients (FD-18, IBS-20, IBD-19) and 19 persons in control group. Both groups underwent examination in a 3T scanner (Achieva TX Philips Healthcare). (3) Results: Significant differences between the IBD group and Control group in volume of left thalamus and IBD group vs Control group in volume of right thalamus. (4) Conclusions: The brain-gut axis hypothesis explains connection between biological behavior, emotions and cognitive functions in patients with gastrointestinal disease. We found that there is a difference between volume of thalamus in IBD patients in comparison to both IBS and control group and it occurred to be smaller. Excess inflammation can be linked with psychological disorders like depressive symptoms, sleep difficulties and/or fatigue. Therefore, there is a need for using treatment both for depressive symptoms and IBD to reduce the causes and effects of inflammation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Imaging in the Detection, Management, Histopathological Correlations)

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13 pages, 2711 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of Imaging in the Detection of Non-COVID-19 Pathologies during the Massive Screening of the First Pandemic Wave

by Perrine Canivet, Colin Desir, Marie Thys, Monique Henket, Anne-Noëlle Frix, Benoit Ernst, Sean Walsh, Mariaelena Occhipinti, Wim Vos, Nathalie Maes, Jean Luc Canivet, Renaud Louis, Paul Meunier and Julien Guiot

Diagnostics 2022, 12(7), 1567; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12071567 - 28 Jun 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2290

Abstract

During the COVID-19 pandemic induced by the SARS-CoV-2, numerous chest scans were carried out in order to establish the diagnosis, quantify the extension of lesions but also identify the occurrence of potential pulmonary embolisms. In this perspective, the performed chest scans provided a varied database for a retrospective analysis of non-COVID-19 chest pathologies discovered de novo. The fortuitous discovery of de novo non-COVID-19 lesions was generally not detected by the automated systems for COVID-19 pneumonia developed in parallel during the pandemic and was thus identified on chest CT by the radiologist. The objective is to use the study of the occurrence of non-COVID-19-related chest abnormalities (known and unknown) in a large cohort of patients having suffered from confirmed COVID-19 infection and statistically correlate the clinical data and the occurrence of these abnormalities in order to assess the potential of increased early detection of lesions/alterations. This study was performed on a group of 362 COVID-19-positive patients who were prescribed a CT scan in order to diagnose and predict COVID-19-associated lung disease. Statistical analysis using mean, standard deviation (SD) or median and interquartile range (IQR), logistic regression models and linear regression models were used for data analysis. Results were considered significant at the 5% critical level (p < 0.05). These de novo non-COVID-19 thoracic lesions detected on chest CT showed a significant prevalence in cardiovascular pathologies, with calcifying atheromatous anomalies approaching nearly 35.4% in patients over 65 years of age. The detection of non-COVID-19 pathologies was mostly already known, except for suspicious nodule, thyroid goiter and the ascending thoracic aortic aneurysm. The presence of vertebral compression or signs of pulmonary fibrosis has shown a significant impact on inpatient length of stay. The characteristics of the patients in this sample, both from a demographic and a tomodensitometric point of view on non-COVID-19 pathologies, influenced the length of hospital stay as well as the risk of intra-hospital death. This retrospective study showed that the potential importance of the detection of these non-COVID-19 lesions by the radiologist was essential in the management and the intra-hospital course of the patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Imaging in the Detection, Management, Histopathological Correlations)

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12 pages, 2403 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pre- and Postoperative Ultrasound and MRI Examinations in Assessing Vocal Folds in Patients with Goiter

by Magdalena Derlatka-Kochel, Paweł Kumoniewski, Marcin Majos, Kamil Ludwisiak, Lech Pomorski and Agata Majos

Diagnostics 2022, 12(6), 1362; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12061362 - 1 Jun 2022

Viewed by 1966

Abstract

Aim of the study: To determine the value of dynamic examinations ultrasound (US) and MRI in the 1.5T field in the assessment of the mobility of vocal folds (VF) in comparison to laryngoscopy in patients with thyroid gland resection. Materials and methods: A total of 44 patients with goiter, before and after thyroidectomy, were subjected to videolaryngoscopy and dynamic examinations of the vocal folds using ultrasound and the following MRI sequences: generic gradient echo (GRE) and true fast imaging with steady-state precession (TRUFI). The qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed, i.e., the angles of deviation from the midline of the vocal folds and the area of the right and left rima glottidis compartments. Results: The analysis of qualitative data showed that the results obtained by laryngoscopy, US and MRI are independent of the diagnostic method used in the group of patients pre and post thyroidectomy. Between the pre- and postoperative examinations in the group of paralyzed vocal folds, statistically significant differences were found in the minimum and maximum values of the angles for the MRI-GRE and MRI-TRUFI sequences and the maximum value of the angles in the US examination, but also in the maximum value of the area of the glottis compartments in both MRI-GRE and MRI-TRUFI dynamic sequences and the minimum value of the area in the sequence MRI-GRE. Statistically significant differences were found in both MRI sequences during phonation, both for the value of the angles and the area of the affected vocal folds. However, no statistically significant differences were found in the values of the angles or the areas in both vocal fold imaging methods without identified mobility abnormalities. Conclusions: Ultrasound and MRI examinations using dynamic sequences have a similar diagnostic value to laryngoscopy in the assessment of vocal fold paralysis in patients with goiter. The GRE sequence seems to be the most reliable one in determining vocal fold paralysis, and the most reliable parameter is the maximum area of the rima glottidis compartment. The inclusion of dynamic short sequences widely available in 1.5T scanners in standard neck examination protocols represents a novelty of the method and a promising diagnostic perspective in the diagnosis of vocal fold paralysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Imaging in the Detection, Management, Histopathological Correlations)

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8 pages, 581 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (CEUS) in the Evaluation of Renal Masses with Histopathological Validation—Results from a Prospective Single-Center Study

by Antonio Tufano, Francesco Maria Drudi, Flavia Angelini, Eleonora Polito, Milvia Martino, Antonio Granata, Giovanni Battista Di Pierro, Eriselda Kutrolli, Matteo Sampalmieri, Vittorio Canale, Rocco Simone Flammia, Daniele Fresilli, Michele Bertolotto, Costantino Leonardo, Giorgio Franco and Vito Cantisani

Diagnostics 2022, 12(5), 1209; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12051209 - 12 May 2022

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3851

Abstract

Background: To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in characterizing between malignant and benign renal lesions confirmed by histological examination. Methods: Overall, 110 patients, for a total of 118 renal masses previously identified at CT and MRI underwent CEUS. An expert radiologist evaluated morphological, qualitative and quantitative parameters. Acquired data were analyzed to assess the value of each parameter to differentiate between malignant and benign lesions. Results: Histological results of 118 renal masses showed 88 (75%) malignant lesions and 30 (25%) benign lesions. Among morphological features, inhomogeneous echogenicity was the best predictor of malignancy depicting a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 76%, 76%, 88% and 57%, respectively. Among qualitative parameters, the most reliable parameter was the presence of pseudo-capsule. Here, sensitivity, specificity, positive PPV and NPV were 85%, 86%, 94% and 71%, respectively. Among quantitative parameters, the most reliable parameters were peak intensity (PI) and the area under the (AUC) with sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV values of 94%, 92%, 96% and 87% and 99%, 92%, 97% and 97%, respectively. Finally, the most reliable parameters were combined to distinguish between benign and malignant lesions. The best combination obtained was restricted to CEUS parameters (PI and AUC). Here, sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy rate were 93%, 100%, 100%, 83% and 93%, respectively. Conclusions: CEUS increases the US accuracy to discriminate between benign and malignant renal lesions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Imaging in the Detection, Management, Histopathological Correlations)

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13 pages, 727 KiB

Open AccessArticle

G870A Polymorphic Variants of CCND1 Gene and Cyclin D1 Protein Expression as Prognostic Markers in Laryngeal Lesions

by Magdalena M. Pietrzak, Magda Barańska, Wojciech Fendler, Edyta M. Borkowska, Józef Kobos, Maciej Borowiec and Wioletta Pietruszewska

Diagnostics 2022, 12(5), 1059; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12051059 - 23 Apr 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2005

Abstract

CCND1 gene encodes Cyclin D1 protein, the alternations and overexpression of which are commonly observed in human cancers. Cyclin D1 controls G1-S transition in the cell cycle. The aim of the study was to assess utility of the genotyping and protein expression in predicting the susceptibility of transformation from normal tissue to precancerous laryngeal lesions (PLLs) and finally to laryngeal cancer (LC). Four hundred and thirty-five patients (101 with LC, 100 with PLLs and 234 healthy volunteers) were enrolled in the study. Cyclin D1 expression was examined by immunohistochemistry and G870A polymorphism of gene CCND1 by PCR-RFLP technique. We confirmed association between the A allele and risk of developing LC from healthy mucosa (p = 0.006). Significantly higher expression of Cyclin D1 was observed in LC compering with PLLs (p < 0.0001) and we found that it could be a predictive marker of shorter survival time. To sum up, in the study population CCND1 gene polymorphism A870G and Cyclin D1 expression have a significant impact on the risk of developing PLLs and LC, and, therefore, Cyclin D1 could be a useful marker for the prediction of survival time in LC, whereas CCND1 gene polymorphism does not have a direct impact on patients’ outcome. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Imaging in the Detection, Management, Histopathological Correlations)

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9 pages, 1372 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Diagnostic Performance of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Small Renal Masses: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Antonio Tufano, Luca Antonelli, Giovanni Battista Di Pierro, Rocco Simone Flammia, Rocco Minelli, Umberto Anceschi, Costantino Leonardo, Giorgio Franco, Francesco Maria Drudi and Vito Cantisani

Diagnostics 2022, 12(10), 2310; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12102310 - 25 Sep 2022

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2009

Abstract

Ultrasound (US) is a highly sensitive imaging tool in the detection of renal masses. However, the detection rate of small renal masses (SRMs) (<4 cm) is still limited. In this scenario, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a relatively novel, but increasingly utilized, diagnostic modality which aims to increase the overall diagnostic ability in the identification of SRMs. In consequence, we performed a systematic review (SR) and pooled meta-analysis to investigate the diagnostic performance of CEUS in the evaluation of SRMs confirmed by pathology. A SR up to April 2022 was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The diagnostic performance of CEUS was evaluated basing on malignant vs. benign SMRs. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) from eligible studies were pooled, and summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curves were constructed for each endpoint. Overall, five qualified studies were deemed suitable for this meta-analysis. Finally, diagnostic performance of CEUS showed an accuracy of 0.93 in detecting malignant masses (sensitivity of 0.94, PPV of 0.95, specificity of 0.78, and NPV of 0.73). Taken together, CEUS may represent a promising minimally invasive diagnostic tool for characterization of SMRs, since it allows clinicians to identify malignant lesions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Imaging in the Detection, Management, Histopathological Correlations)

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11 pages, 6399 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Vascular Abnormalities of the Parotid Region: An Uncommon Presentation of a Common Condition—A Case Series

by Tomasz K. Nowicki, Michał Joskowski, Ewa Garsta and Bogusław Mikaszewski

Diagnostics 2022, 12(9), 2236; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12092236 - 16 Sep 2022

Viewed by 2953

Abstract

A variety of non-neoplastic diseases and benign and malignant lesions may involve parotid glands. In clinical practice, effective diagnosis is crucial to ensure proper treatment and achieve a good therapeutic effect. Unclear anamnesis and short medical history are factors that make diagnosis difficult, especially when cancer should be excluded. We present a case series of four patients who reported to the outpatient clinic with a unilateral nodule in the parotid region. The clinical presentation prevented an unequivocal diagnosis. The suspicion of a neoplastic disease resulted in profound diagnostics, including repeated cytology, ultrasound and magnetic resonance examination. Combining all the acquired information and follow-up, or a histopathologic examination, facilitated the final diagnosis. In all cases, thrombosis was diagnosed. We then analysed the diagnostic process and the associated difficulties. When thrombosis in vascular malformation occurs in the parotid region, it may have an unclear clinical and radiological presentation. Such an image can imitate both benign and malignant tumours. Ambiguous imaging in conjunction with blood cells in cytology should result in the inclusion of thrombosis in vascular malformations in the differential diagnosis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Imaging in the Detection, Management, Histopathological Correlations)

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