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Anti-oxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Natural Compounds - 2nd Edition

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A special issue of Cosmetics (ISSN 2079-9284).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2024) | Viewed by 35985

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Dr. Othmane Merah

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1. Agro-Industrial Chemistry Laboratory (LCA), University of Toulouse, 31030 Toulouse, France
2. Biological Engineering Department, Paul Sabatier University, 32000 Auch, France
Interests: cereals; oilseed crop; plant physiology; plant breeding; abiotic stress; bioactives accumulation
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plants, algae, and microorganisms are a source of bioactive molecules that can be used in drug, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and skin-care products and industries. Moreover, byproducts of several industries can be used as raw materials for added-value molecule extraction and uses in the food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. A large amount of research has been undertaken to characterize bioactives in plants, seaweeds, and microorganisms, among others. Among these molecules, special attention was devoted to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. These studies have been carried out on byproducts or on cultivated plants; few works have focused their attention on the species used in traditional and popular medicine around the world. Measurement methods limit the comparison of information and the evaluation of their activities remain confined to minor uses. The evaluation of creams for skin care, biological effects, antimicrobial, and antitumoral effects requires further investigation.

This Special Issue calls for manuscripts that explore anti-inflammatory and antioxidant proprieties from natural compounds, their distribution in organisms, the methods of measurements, the means to increase their extraction, and their effects for the development of new drugs, foods, and skin-care products.

Dr. Othmane Merah
Guest Editor

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Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cosmetics is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

bioactive accumulation
antioxidant proprieties
anti-inflammatory proprieties
bioactive identification
biological activities
cosmetics applications
health benefits

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Published Papers (11 papers)

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17 pages, 2903 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development of a Topical Cream from the Ethanolic of Agave sisalana Residues with Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Properties

by Júlia Amanda Rodrigues Fracasso, Myriam Emiko Takahashi, Luísa Taynara Silvério da Costa, Debora Barros Barbosa, Bruno Araújo Soares, Wellington Ricardo Pereira Martins, Natália Alves Zoppe, Joana Marques, Maria P. M. Marques, Aida Moreira da Silva, Maria João Barroca, Valdecir Farias Ximenes, João Tadeu Ribeiro-Paes and Lucinéia dos Santos

Cosmetics 2024, 11(5), 180; https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics11050180 - 15 Oct 2024

Viewed by 1585

Abstract

Brazil is the largest producer in the world of the species Agave sisalana, sisal. The residue of the sisal, which is the result of the extraction of fibers from its leaves, represents 95% of its weight. Considering that sisal leaves have high concentrations of sapogenins and aiming at a future phytotherapeutic, in this study, the alcoholic fraction of sisal, AFS, was developed, and the sapogenins were characterized. In vitro, the cytotoxicity (MTT) and the anti-inflammatory effect of AFS (phagocytosis and hemolysis inhibition) were evaluated. In vivo, the analgesic (formalin test—FT) and anti-inflammatory (paw edema test—PET) activities of AFS, orally, and the cream containing AFS, topical, were analyzed. The results demonstrated that AFS contains hecogenin and tigogenin and is not cytotoxic. In vitro, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/mL of AFS showed anti-inflammatory activity similar to the positive control (PC). In the FT, the dose of 25 mg/kg did not differ from the PC in the neurogenic phase (p > 0.05). In the PET, 25 and 50 mg/kg of AFS differed from the negative control (NC) (p < 0.05), and the cream with AFS (5 mg/g) showed activity similar to the PC. The therapeutic activities of AFS probably result from sapogenins. In the future, we expect to develop an anti-inflammatory from the thousands of tons of sisal waste discarded in Brazil. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anti-oxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Natural Compounds - 2nd Edition)

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16 pages, 3276 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of Inflammatory Cellular Model by Advanced Bioanalytic and Artificial Intelligence Analyses of Lipids: Lipidomic Landscape of Inflammaging

by Gilda Aiello, Davide Tosi, Giancarlo Aldini, Marina Carini and Alfonsina D’Amato

Cosmetics 2024, 11(4), 140; https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics11040140 - 16 Aug 2024

Viewed by 1855

Abstract

Lipids are emerging as important potential targets for the early diagnosis and prognosis of several inflammatory diseases. Studying the lipid profiles is important for understanding cellular events such as low-grade inflammation, a condition common to many human diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, and obesity. This work aimed to explore lipid signatures in an inflammation cellular model using an advanced bioanalytical approach complemented by Machine Learning techniques. Analyses based on the high-resolution mass spectrometry of extracted lipids in TNF-α inflamed cells (R3/1 NF-κB reporter cells) versus lipids in control cells resulted in 469 quantified lipids, of which 20% were phosphatidylcholines (PCs) and phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs), 10% were sphingomyelins (SMs), 6% were phosphatidylinositols (PIs), 7% were ceramides (Cer), 6% were phosphatidylglycerols (PGs), and 5% were phosphatidylserines (PSs). TNF-α induced a significant alteration compared to the control, with a fold change higher than 1.5; of the 88 lipids, 71 were upregulated and 17 were downregulated, impacting various pathways as revealed by network analyses. To validate the inflammation model, the TNF-α induced cells were treated with polyphenols from thinned young apples (TAPs), which are known to have anti-inflammatory properties. The dysregulation of ceramides (Cer(d18:1/23:0), Cer(d18:1/23:0), and Cer(d18:1/22:0)) observed in TNF-α inflamed cells was completely reverted after TAP treatment. Network analyses showed the alteration of arachidonic acid and TNF signaling, which were modulated by polyphenols from thinned young apples. The results highlighted the potentiality of the inflammatory model and the bioanalytical approach to describe lipid profiles in complex biological matrices and different states. In addition, the quantified lipids were interpreted by an Artificial Intelligence approach to identify relevant signatures and clusters of lipids that can impact cellular states. Lastly, this study underlines both the potential applications of lipidomics combined with Machine Learning and how to build and validate Machine Learning models to predict inflammation based on lipid-related pattern signatures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anti-oxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Natural Compounds - 2nd Edition)

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23 pages, 6177 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Positive Effect of Peptides Obtained from Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) on Inflammation Regulation and Wound Healing

by Robert Rosostolato Cardoso, Mariáurea Matias Sarandy, Leandro Licursi de Oliveira, Sérgio Luis Pinto da Matta, Romulo Dias Novaes and Reggiani Vilela Gonçalves

Cosmetics 2024, 11(4), 133; https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics11040133 - 6 Aug 2024

Viewed by 1798

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of natural compounds from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) skin on wound healing in IL-10 knockout mice. The healing fraction, Fraction T19, was obtained through hydrolysis with trypsin. In vitro, T19 was not cytotoxic to RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, promoting increased cell proliferation and migration. In vivo, mice (n = 30) were divided into three groups with 12 mm wounds in the dorsal region: control (distilled water), T1 (T19 at 125 μg/mL), and T2 (T19 at 250 μg/mL). Daily applications were performed, with tissue removal after nine days. The results showed that T19 increased the production of nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), preventing wound contamination. There was an increase in pro-inflammatory (IL-2 and IFNγ) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4) cytokines, as well as cell proliferation markers (PCNA and KI67). Antibodies CD31, CD163, and COX-2 indicated an increase in the formation of new vessels and a reduction in inflammation. Both groups treated with T19 showed better healing results, with better effects observed at higher doses. It was concluded that T19 can effectively modulate the skin repair process and represent an alternative therapeutic for improving the quality of wound skin, especially in the clinical context. Formulations using tilapia skin are safe and effective for accelerating wound healing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anti-oxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Natural Compounds - 2nd Edition)

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13 pages, 1685 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Insights on the In Vitro Wound Healing Effects of Sedum telephium L. Leaf Juice

by Giorgio Cappellucci, Alessia Paganelli, Pier Luca Ceccarelli, Elisabetta Miraldi and Marco Biagi

Cosmetics 2024, 11(4), 131; https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics11040131 - 1 Aug 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2048

Abstract

Chronic wounds remain a significant clinical challenge, necessitating the exploration of novel therapeutic agents. Sedum telephium L. (syn. Hylotelephium telephium (L.) H. Ohba) fresh leaf juice, known for its traditional medicinal uses, was evaluated to assess its efficacy and its mechanism in promoting wound healing in vitro. Fresh leaves were collected and processed to obtain the juice, which was analyzed for polyphenols, flavonoids, polysaccharides, and proteins content. Key bioactive compounds were identified, including complex polysaccharides (2.47%), proteins (0.16%) and kaempferol and quercetin tri- di- and mono-glycosides, 0.04%, expressed as quercetin equivalent. The juice and its polysaccharidic fraction were tested on human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and fibroblasts (HFF-1) to assess cell viability, wound closure, and the production of growth factors and pro-collagen I. Our results indicated that the whole juice significantly enhanced wound closure in both cell types: +33% in keratinocytes compared to control, at 24 h, with a marked increase in fibroblast growth factor (FGF) (+21% compared to control) and LAP(TGF-β1) (+60% compared to control) and +30% in fibroblasts compared to control at 24 h, without a significant upregulation of pro-collagen I expression. The polysaccharidic fraction alone showed limited efficacy (no efficacy in keratinocytes and +20% in wound closure compared to control at 24 h in fibroblast), emphasizing the importance of the complete phytocomplex. These findings suggest that Sedum telephium L. represents a promising candidate in the setting of skin regeneration and repair. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anti-oxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Natural Compounds - 2nd Edition)

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14 pages, 1996 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the In Vitro Antioxidant, Anti-Aging, and Cytotoxic Properties of Kaempferia galanga Linn. Rhizome Extracts for Cosmeceutical Formulations

by Panikchar Wichayapreechar, Ranit Charoenjittichai, Anchalee Prasansuklab, Maria Pilar Vinardell and Wandee Rungseevijitprapa

Cosmetics 2024, 11(3), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics11030097 - 13 Jun 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1614

Abstract

Kaempferia galanga Linn. (KG), a member of the family Zingiberaceae, is native to India, and commonly found in China, Indonesia, and Thailand. It has been used as a food condiment, folk medicine, and to relieve skin diseases due to its biological activities. However, its anti-aging effect has not yet been investigated. In this study, the rhizome of Kaempferia galanga Linn was extracted with solvents of different polarities (deionized water, absolute ethanol, ethyl acetate, and hexane). Phytochemical screening assay, total flavonoid and total phenolic contents, antioxidant activity (DPPH^•, FRAP, ABTS ^+• assay), anti-aging activity (anti-collagenase, anti-elastase), and cell cytotoxicity on human dermal fibroblasts were investigated. The outcomes revealed that the extraction in highly polar solvents resulted in a high extract yield. Flavonoids, phenolic, and terpenoid compounds were detected in KG extracts using all extraction solvents. However, deionized water as a solvent exhibited the lowest level of flavonoids and phenolics, as compared to the other solvents. The highest total flavonoid and phenolic contents were achieved through extraction with absolute ethanol and ethyl acetate, respectively. Interestingly, the extract obtained with absolute ethanol exhibited the most potent antioxidant activities (the IC₅₀ value of DPPH^• was 0.612 mg/mL, the FRAP value was 62.79 mmol of Fe²⁺/g of extract, and TEAC value was 9.21 mg TE/g of extract in ABTS^+• assay) and anti-aging properties (the percentages of collagenase inhibitory and elastase were 71.83%, and 66.35%, respectively). Regarding cell cytotoxicity, both KG extracts obtained with deionized water and absolute ethanol showed lower toxicity on human dermal fibroblasts compared to those obtained with ethyl acetate and hexane. Ethanol-based KG extract demonstrated a good antioxidant, anti-aging capacity and is considered safe for cosmeceutical products focused on anti-aging applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anti-oxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Natural Compounds - 2nd Edition)

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20 pages, 5090 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Silymarin Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation Induced by UV and Air Pollution in Human Epidermis and Activates β-Endorphin Release through Cannabinoid Receptor Type 2

by Cloé Boira, Emilie Chapuis, Amandine Scandolera and Romain Reynaud

Cosmetics 2024, 11(1), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics11010030 - 13 Feb 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3405

Abstract

Background: Skin is exposed to ultraviolet radiation (UV) and air pollution, and recent works have demonstrated that these factors have additive effects in the disturbance of skin homeostasis. Nuclear-factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) appear to be appropriate targets in the management of combined environmental stressors. The protective effects of silymarin (SM), an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory complex of flavonoids, were evaluated. Methods: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and interleukin 1-alpha (IL-1a) were quantified in UV+urban-dust-stressed reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) treated with SM. A gene expression study was conducted on targets related to AHR and Nrf2. SM agonistic activity on cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2R) was evaluated on mast cells. The clinical study quantified the performance of SM and cannabidiol (CBD) in skin exposed to solar radiation and air pollution. Results: SM decreased morphological alterations, ROS, and IL-1a in UV+urban-dust-stressed RHE. AHR- and Nrf2-related genes were upregulated, which control the antioxidant effector and barrier function. Interleukin 8 gene expression was decreased. The clinical study confirmed SM improved the homogeneity and perceived well-being of urban skins exposed to UV, outperforming CBD. SM activated CB2R and the release of β-endorphin from mast cells. Conclusions: SM provides protection of skin from oxidative stress and inflammation caused by two major factors of exposome and appears mediated by AHR-Nrf2. SM activation of CB2R is opening a new understanding of SM’s anti-inflammatory properties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anti-oxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Natural Compounds - 2nd Edition)

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14 pages, 2218 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Brassica oleracea Accelerates Third-Degree Burn Healing in Rats

by Lyvia Lopes Miranda, Mariáurea Matias Sarandy, Luciana Schulthais Altoé, Daniel Silva Sena Bastos, Fabiana Cristina Silveira Alves Melo, Rômulo Dias Novaes, Debora Araújo Esposito and Reggiani Vilela Gonçalves

Cosmetics 2024, 11(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics11010027 - 9 Feb 2024

Viewed by 3008

Abstract

Burns account for more than 265,000 deaths per year in the world, mainly associated with infections. Therefore, the shorter the healing time, the better the prognosis. Based on this, the objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of an ointment based on Brassica oleracea var. capitata extract in the third-degree healing process. Twenty-five male Wistar rats (335 ± 16 g, three months of life) were individualized in cages with food and water ad libitum. After anesthesia, two circular third-degree burn wounds (12 mm in diameter) were made on the animals, which were randomly separated into five treatments (n = 5/group), i.e., SAL: saline solution 0.9%; OV: ointment vehicle; SS: silver sulfadiazine 1%; PB1: 10% B. oleracea extract; and PB2: 20% B. oleracea extract. The animals were treated with the ointment daily for eight days. Every four days, the area and the wound contraction index were evaluated. Tissue samples were taken for histopathological analysis (cellularity, blood vessels, and extracellular matrix components) and analysis of oxidative/nitrosative status (antioxidant enzymes, lipid, and protein oxidation markers, as well as nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)). The ointment based on B. oleracea var. capitata at 10 and 20% concentrations increased the number of cells, blood vessels, and fibrous components of the extracellular matrix and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, promoting a fast and efficient cutaneous repair in third-degree burn wounds. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anti-oxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Natural Compounds - 2nd Edition)

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20 pages, 3085 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents as a Novel Bio-Based Matrix for Ready-to-Use Natural Antioxidants-Enriched Ingredients: Extraction and Formulation Optimization

by Leslie Boudesocque-Delaye, Iron Mike Ardeza, Alexis Verger, Roxane Grard, Isabelle Théry-Koné, Xavier Perse and Emilie Munnier

Cosmetics 2024, 11(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics11010017 - 25 Jan 2024

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2960

Abstract

The escalating consumer demand for sustainable cosmetic ingredients poses distinct challenges, particularly concerning their stability within the final formulation. Although natural resources offer a pool of antioxidant molecules with diverse structures and polarities, achieving stabilization combined with a comprehensive antioxidant profile often proves incompatible with practical preformulation considerations. Notably, Calendula, which is rich in both polar (glycosylated flavonoids) and nonpolar (carotenoids) antioxidants, is a standout candidate. Nevertheless, the market lacks an ingredient embodying this diversity, primarily due to the limited polarity range of available usable solvents. Natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDESs) emerge as a promising solution. This study explores NaDES technology with the goal of developing a unique Calendula extract enriched in both polarities of antioxidants, a composition that is unattainable with traditional solvents. A screening of 12 NaDESs with varying polarities highlighted a NaDES based on betaine and glycerol as particularly effective, outperforming ethanol. Leveraging response surface methodology, an optimal mechanical stirring procedure for extraction was identified. The resulting extract showed a total flavonoid content of 45.42 ± 0.85 mg eq rutin/g of biomass and a total carotenoid content of 383.54 ± 4.73 µg/g biomass. It was then incorporated into a sustainable cream (1% and 10%wt) using an innovative mixing technology. The resulting creams demonstrated stability over 90 days, with no significant deviations in pH or rheological properties compared to the control, and a droplet size that was inferior to 10 µm. This study lays the foundation for pioneering natural antioxidant cocktail-loaded ingredients that are suitable for eco-friendly cosmetic formulations, substantiating the viability of integrating environmentally friendly ingredient-based solvents. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anti-oxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Natural Compounds - 2nd Edition)

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18 pages, 3623 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of PSR™ (Plant Small RNA Technology), Tea Extract, and Its Principal Components on Mitochondrial Function and Antioxidant Properties in Skin Cells

by Marielle Moreau, Tanesha Naiken, Gérard Bru, Clarisse Marteau, Laurence Canaple, Lorène Gourguillon, Emmanuelle Leblanc, Elodie Oger, Audrey Le Mestr, Joel Mantelin, Isabelle Imbert, Carine Nizard and Anne-Laure Bulteau

Cosmetics 2023, 10(6), 172; https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics10060172 - 18 Dec 2023

Viewed by 3078

Abstract

Objective: This study explored the impact of a black tea extract obtained through (plant small RNA) PSR^TM technology, characterized by its abundance of small molecules, particularly citric acid—an antioxidant and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle contributor—on mitochondrial health. The primary focus was to assess whether this extract could counteract reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced mitochondrial alterations associated with aging, which lead to impaired mitochondrial function, reduced ATP production, and increased ROS generation. Methods: The PSR^TM extraction method was employed to obtain a high content of polyphenols and small molecules, particularly citric acid. Results: In comparison with a conventional extract, the PSRTM extract demonstrated significant enhancements in aconitase activity, an ROS-sensitive enzyme in the TCA cycle, as well as basal respiration and ATP synthesis in fibroblast cells and skin biopsies. Moreover, the PSR^TM extract effectively reduced ROS production by safeguarding this critical enzyme within the Krebs cycle and displayed superior capabilities in scavenging free radicals when exposed to UV-induced stress. When administered post-UV exposure, the PSR^TM extract protected nuclear DNA by reducing the formation of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and promoting DNA repair mechanisms. Furthermore, the extract exhibited beneficial effects on the extracellular matrix, characterized by a reduction in matrix metalloprotease 1 (MMP1) and an increase in fibrillin 1 expression. Conclusions: These findings collectively suggest that the PSR^TM extract holds promising antiaging potential, potentially functioning as a mitochondrial nutrient/protector due to its multifaceted benefits on mitochondrial function, nuclear DNA integrity, and the extracellular matrix. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anti-oxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Natural Compounds - 2nd Edition)

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16 pages, 1337 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Potential Applications of Natural Colostrum in Skin Health

by Ecem Bolat, Zeynep Karagöz, José Luiz de Brito Alves, José Patrocínio Ribeiro Cruz Neto, Anna Maria Witkowska, Hesham El-Seedi, Mauro Lombardo and Sercan Karav

Cosmetics 2024, 11(6), 197; https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics11060197 - 20 Nov 2024

Viewed by 1087

Abstract

Skin is a crucial organ for preserving the body’s equilibrium. Like other parts of the body, skin also ages due to extrinsic and intrinsic factors, leading to several signs such as wrinkles, spots, and a decline in elasticity, causing a range of issues similar to those seen elsewhere in the body. Some of these factors include ultraviolet (UV) radiation, hormonal disorders, genetic factors, loss of moisture, metabolic disorders, exposure to chemicals, and smoking. Colostrum, which is the initial foremilk, has shown positive effects on the consequences of these factors. Its content is richer than mature milk and contains several beneficial components. For instance, it includes hyaluronic acid, a molecule that binds water and keeps the skin hydrated; lactoferrin, with high antimicrobial properties; immunoglobulins, which are responsible for immunity; growth factors, which increase the amount of collagen, the main protein type of the skin; and, finally, the telomerase enzyme, which maintains the telomere’s length and, thus, decelerates the aging process. It has recently become apparent that using skin products with natural ingredients is essential. Considering its nature, contents, and effects, colostrum stands out as an excellent material for the cosmetic industry, especially for the aging sector. Therefore, the aim of this review article is to demonstrate the potential application of natural colostrum in skin health and its usage in natural cosmetic products in the cosmetic sector. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anti-oxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Natural Compounds - 2nd Edition)

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18 pages, 878 KiB

Open AccessReview

Caffeine and Taurine from Energy Drinks—A Review

by Tania Mihaiescu, Sabina Turti, Marius Souca, Raluca Muresan, Larisa Achim, Eftimia Prifti, Ionel Papuc, Camelia Munteanu and Sorin Marian Marza

Cosmetics 2024, 11(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics11010012 - 20 Jan 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 11911

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to review the specialized literature to highlight the effects produced by energy drinks in terms of skin health. To carry out this review, we consulted previous articles with descriptive cross-sectional designs, case series, and individual case reports published between 2000 and 2023. Therefore, while caffeine acute consumption among adults can have beneficial effects, in children, it can cause health problems like overnight breaks, headaches, and dulled cognition since their organs are still developing and their endocrine system is not yet stable. Despite the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of caffeine from energy drinks, their excessive consumption among adolescents can cause disorders like high systolic blood pressure, agitation, nausea, anxiety, osteoporosis, heart palpitations, poor sleep quality, and stomach ulcers. Among athletes, taurine supplementation has been proven to improve exercise capacity in cold weather conditions. Also, vigilance, attention, and reaction time were all improved by caffeine consumption. Caffeine administration in low doses caused a risk of cardiovascular disease. It was effective in treating migraines in children, but raised systolic blood pressure, and contributed to skin healing in adolescents. On the other side, taurine prevents obesity among children, causes positive effects on oxidative stress and inflammation in adolescents, helps shield the skin from damaging oxidative stress among students, and impacts exercise capacity in athletes. Significant increases in serum levels of uric acid, creatinine, BUN, ALT, and ALP caused by chronic intake of EDs indicated different degrees of injury to the kidneys and liver. Furthermore, the effects on the cardiovascular system could be worse if taurine and caffeine are combined. Caffeine alone does not significantly decrease sleep as much as a taurine/high caffeine ratio. On the other hand, a low ratio does. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Anti-oxidant and Anti-inflammatory Properties of Natural Compounds - 2nd Edition)

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