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Artificial Intelligence and MRI Characterization of Tumors: 2nd Edition

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Methods and Technologies Development".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 September 2025) | Viewed by 6728

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department Radiology, Università Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
Interests: diagnostic imaging and interventional radiology oncology; diagnostic imaging and interventional vascular radiology; musculosheletal diagnostics and intervention; urogynecological diagnostics; computed tomography; magnetic resonance imaging; ultrasound; radiomics; artificial intelligence
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
Interests: AI; machine learning and big data analytics with applications to data signals; 2D and 3D image and video processing and analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Radiology, Università Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Rome, Italy
2. Department of Radiology, Sant'Anna Hospital, 22100 San Fermo della Battaglia, CO, Italy
Interests: breast diagnostics; prostate diagnostics; gynecological diagnostics; mammography; magnetic resonance imaging; artificial intelligence; radiomics; machine learning
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
Interests: artificial intelligence; machine learning; deep learning; medical imaging; precision medicine; radiomics; multimodal learning; decision support systems; federated learning; smart devices
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is the second edition of “Artificial Intelligence and MRI Characterization of Tumors”, available at https://www.mdpi.com/journal/cancers/special_issues/AIAMCOT.

Cancer diagnosis and management remain complex and frequently require a multi-imaging assessment that allows for the staging of local and systemic disease. MRI is a highly accurate technique for the diagnosis and assessment of local disease extension, while CT, 18F-FDG PET/CT, and scintigraphy are often used for the confirmation of lymph node and systemic localization. Other laboratory, genetic, and histological parameters are essential to aid diagnosis, stratify risk, predict prognosis, and monitor patients during follow-up. However, many of these tools are susceptible to significant subjectivity.

In recent years, imaging-based machine learning processes, referred to as artificial intelligence, have been employed in many oncological fields, with promising results that aid in the support of medical decisions. This kind of analysis allows the extraction of many quantitative characteristics from medical images, called “features”, providing physicians with a valid decision-making tool. Using artificial intelligence algorithms reduces the degree of subjectivity and utilizes fewer resources to improve the overall efficiency and accuracy of cancer diagnosis and management.

In this Special Issue, we intend to enclose a current and important chapter on the role of artificial intelligence applied to various types of imaging modalities, in all phases of cancer evaluation, from diagnosis to therapy to prognosis. Both types of traditional machine learning approaches will be examined: radionics analysis and convolutional neural networks.

Dr. Eliodoro Faiella
Dr. Paolo Soda
Dr. Domiziana Santucci
Dr. Ermanno Cordelli
Guest Editors

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • cancer
  • MRI
  • CT
  • PET 18F-FDG
  • PET/CT scintigraphy
  • artificial intelligence (AI)
  • radiomics convolutional neural networks (CNN)

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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14 pages, 835 KB  
Article
Prediction of Lymphovascular Invasion in Early–Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma Using Artificial Intelligence–Based Radiomics
by Yoshihisa Shimada, Kazuharu Harada, Yujin Kudo, Jinho Park, Jun Matsubayashi, Masataka Taguri and Norihiko Ikeda
Cancers 2025, 17(24), 3998; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17243998 - 15 Dec 2025
Abstract
Objectives: This study utilized artificial intelligence (AI)–based radiomics analysis of computed tomography (CT) images using a modified U–Net for lung nodule segmentation and convolutional neural network based on VGG–16 to predict lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in stage 0–I lung adenocarcinoma. Additionally, the study investigated [...] Read more.
Objectives: This study utilized artificial intelligence (AI)–based radiomics analysis of computed tomography (CT) images using a modified U–Net for lung nodule segmentation and convolutional neural network based on VGG–16 to predict lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in stage 0–I lung adenocarcinoma. Additionally, the study investigated whether combining radiomics data with serum microRNA (miR)–30d level as a potential biomarker could enhance predictive performance. Methods: A total of 1265 patients who underwent complete resection between 2008 and 2018 were included. AI–based CT analysis was performed, and logistic regression was applied to predict LVI using 35 imaging features. A risk score (RS) generated from 840 patients in the derivation cohort was used to identify a high–risk group, with validation performed using 425 patients. Additionally, 47 cases with extracellular vesicle (EV)–derived miR–30d level data were analyzed to evaluate the value of the integrated approach. Results: Among all the patients, 467 patients (36.9%) were LVI–positive, and LVI was independently associated with poorer overall survival. The receiver operating characteristic curve for LVI based on the RS yielded an area under the curve of 0.899. For LVI prediction, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 84.8%, 83.7%, and 83.9%, respectively, in the derivation group, and 82.3%, 79.4%, and 80.5%, respectively, in the validation group. The integrated approach with miR–30d enhanced the predictability of LVI, achieving a sensitivity of 93.3%, specificity of 70.5%, and accuracy of 85.1%. Conclusions: AI–based radiomics demonstrated high effectiveness for predicting LVI, with RSs showing broad clinical applications. The addition of EV–derived miR–30d modestly improved predictability. Full article
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20 pages, 642 KB  
Review
Artificial Intelligence in Detection, Management, and Prognosis of Bone Metastasis: A Systematic Review
by Giuseppe Francesco Papalia, Paolo Brigato, Luisana Sisca, Girolamo Maltese, Eliodoro Faiella, Domiziana Santucci, Francesco Pantano, Bruno Vincenzi, Giuseppe Tonini, Rocco Papalia and Vincenzo Denaro
Cancers 2024, 16(15), 2700; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16152700 - 29 Jul 2024
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 6030
Abstract
Background: Metastasis commonly occur in the bone tissue. Artificial intelligence (AI) has become increasingly prevalent in the medical sector as support in decision-making, diagnosis, and treatment processes. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the reliability of AI systems in clinical, [...] Read more.
Background: Metastasis commonly occur in the bone tissue. Artificial intelligence (AI) has become increasingly prevalent in the medical sector as support in decision-making, diagnosis, and treatment processes. The objective of this systematic review was to assess the reliability of AI systems in clinical, radiological, and pathological aspects of bone metastases. Methods: We included studies that evaluated the use of AI applications in patients affected by bone metastases. Two reviewers performed a digital search on 31 December 2023 on PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane library and extracted authors, AI method, interest area, main modalities used, and main objectives from the included studies. Results: We included 59 studies that analyzed the contribution of computational intelligence in diagnosing or forecasting outcomes in patients with bone metastasis. Six studies were specific for spine metastasis. The study involved nuclear medicine (44.1%), clinical research (28.8%), radiology (20.4%), or molecular biology (6.8%). When a primary tumor was reported, prostate cancer was the most common, followed by lung, breast, and kidney. Conclusions: Appropriately trained AI models may be very useful in merging information to achieve an overall improved diagnostic accuracy and treatment for metastasis in the bone. Nevertheless, there are still concerns with the use of AI systems in medical settings. Ethical considerations and legal issues must be addressed to facilitate the safe and regulated adoption of AI technologies. The limitations of the study comprise a stronger emphasis on early detection rather than tumor management and prognosis as well as a high heterogeneity for type of tumor, AI technology and radiological techniques, pathology, or laboratory samples involved. Full article
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