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Cancers
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Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
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Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Pathophysiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2025) | Viewed by 821

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Nidhi Jyotsana

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Gene Expression Laboratory, 10010 N Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
Interests: cancer biology; personalized nanomedicine; drug delivery; pancreatic cancer, leukemia; myelodysplastic syndromes; multiple myeloma; stem cell transplantation; clinical hematology; hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; flow cytometry; hematological malignancies; chemotherapy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a critical therapeutic approach for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), offering the potential for long-term remission and cure, particularly in high-risk patients and those with relapsed or refractory disease. The aim of HSCT is to reestablish the bone marrow following intensive chemotherapy or radiation therapy, thereby eradicating the leukemia cell population. Allogeneic HSCT, which uses donor cells, is preferred due to its graft-versus-leukemia effect, where immune cells from the donor target and destroy residual leukemia cells. There are several significant challenges associated with HSCT, such as graft-versus-host disease, infections, and regimen-related toxicities that negatively impact patient outcomes. HSCT has become safer and more effective through advances in donor selection, conditioning regimens, and supportive care. The goal of current research is to optimize transplant protocols, minimize complications, and integrate novel therapies to enhance HSCT's success in treating AML, which we will examine through this Special Issue.

Dr. Nidhi Jyotsana
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT)
  • acute myeloid leukemia (AML)
  • leukemic stem cells
  • optimize transplant protocols

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 461 KiB  
Article
Post-Transplant Pain and Paralysis: Neurologic Amyotrophy as an Atypical Cause of Shoulder Dysfunction Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant
by Franchesca König, Chanel Davidoff, Katarzyna Ibanez, Sinchun Hwang, Ilan Goldstein, Darren R. Feldman, Boglarka Gyurkocza, Sergio A. Giralt, Ioannis Politikos, Doris M. Ponce, Michael Scordo, Grigory Syrkin, Christian M. Custodio and Gunjan L. Shah
Cancers 2025, 17(11), 1816; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17111816 - 29 May 2025
Viewed by 590
Abstract
Background: Neuralgic amyotrophy (NA), also known as Parsonage–Turner syndrome, brachial neuritis, and idiopathic brachial plexopathy, is a rare and potentially debilitating peripheral nerve disorder characterized by acute-onset shoulder pain followed by progressive motor deficits. It is often under-recognized, with an estimated incidence of [...] Read more.
Background: Neuralgic amyotrophy (NA), also known as Parsonage–Turner syndrome, brachial neuritis, and idiopathic brachial plexopathy, is a rare and potentially debilitating peripheral nerve disorder characterized by acute-onset shoulder pain followed by progressive motor deficits. It is often under-recognized, with an estimated incidence of 1 to 3 per 100,000 annually, though some studies suggest the actual prevalence may be significantly higher. The condition typically progresses through three phases, an acute painful phase, a phase of weakness, and a recovery phase, with sensory disturbances common in addition to motor weakness. The exact pathogenesis of NA remains unclear, though it is thought to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. While neurologic complications following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), such as neuropathies and myopathies, have been documented, NA remains exceedingly rare in this context, with only a few reported cases. The pathophysiology in HSCT patients is hypothesized to involve immune dysregulation, graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), infection, and the effects of immunosuppressive therapy. Diagnosis is primarily clinical, supported by electrodiagnostic studies and MRI, though no laboratory markers exist. The management of NA is largely supportive and multimodal, focusing on pain control and rehabilitation. Objectives: The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics, clinical course, and outcomes of patients admitted for HSCT who were subsequently diagnosed with NA. Study Design: This retrospective case series from a single institution examined nine (N = 9) patients who developed acute shoulder pain following HSCT. We collected data on demographics, transplant details, clinical features, MRI findings, and electrodiagnostic studies, summarized using descriptive statistics. The diagnosis of neurologic amyotrophy was based on clinical presentation and corroborated by imaging and electrodiagnostic results. Long-term follow-up was assessed to evaluate symptom recovery. Results: Between August 2020 and July 2022, nine patients (44% male, median age 60) were diagnosed with NA following autologous (n = 4) or allogeneic (n = 5) HSCT. The onset of severe shoulder pain occurred at a median of 9 days post-transplant (range 1–21 days), with the majority of patients experiencing unilateral pain, predominantly affecting the right shoulder (55%). Neurologic weakness developed on average 5.1 days after pain onset, and sensory deficits were observed in all but one patient. MRI findings revealed muscle edema, atrophy, and enhancement in six patients, while electromyography confirmed NA in five. Due to the small sample size, statistical analyses, including p-values, confidence intervals, and trend comparisons, were not performed, and thus no conclusions can be drawn regarding associations between variables such as early onset and worse outcomes. Shoulder pain resolved after a median of 23 days (range 8–40 days). Long-term follow-up (>1 year) showed that three patients achieved full or near-full recovery, four partially recovered, and two showed minimal improvement. Conclusions: NA should be highly suspected in patients with acute shoulder pain and neurologic symptoms post-HSCT. To improve diagnostic accuracy and clinical outcomes, we recommend enhanced clinician awareness, the implementation of targeted diagnostic protocols (such as MRI and electrodiagnostic studies), and the establishment of standardized long-term follow-up protocols. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia)
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