New Advances in Lung Cancer: Diagnosis, Pathophysiology and Emerging Treatments. A Selection of Papers from the 4th Joint Meeting on Lung Cancer of the FHU OncoAge (Nice, France) and the MD Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX, USA)

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 January 2025 | Viewed by 1501

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Thoracic/Head & Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
Interests: thoracic oncology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Lung cancer has become a paradigm for personalized medicine, where identifying disease subtypes through oncogenic driver mutations has led to the development of molecularly targeted therapies. Moreover, the impact of driver oncogenes on the immune tumor microenvironment has profound implications for the effectiveness of immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this regard, there is an urgent need to address obstacles hindering clinical advancements in I-O and targeted therapies, including the development of accurate preclinical models mimicking human immunity and understanding molecular and cellular determinants of primary and secondary resistance. The design of effective combinations of personalized therapies is crucial for individual patient treatment. New treatments such as antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) could be used in the near future in lung cancer patients, alone or in combination with other therapeutic strategies. These new treatments should be associated with the development of predictive biomarkers. This Special Issue of Cancers focuses on recent topics of interest associated with lung cancer. This follows the 4th joint meeting between different physicians and researchers from both the MD Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX, USA), the FHU OncoAge (Nice, France), and the IHU RespirERA (Nice, France). The main objective of this Special Issue is to promote the recent understanding of the development of lung cancer, including new therapeutic strategies and new biomarkers.

Prof. Dr. Paul Hofman
Dr. Ignacio I. Wistuba
Dr. John Heymach
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lung cancer
  • predictive biomarkers
  • liquid biopsy
  • targeted therapy
  • immunotherapy

Published Papers (2 papers)

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11 pages, 1839 KiB  
Article
Shifting from Immunohistochemistry to Screen for ALK Rearrangements: Real-World Experience in a Large Single-Center Cohort of Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer
by Marius Ilié, Samantha Goffinet, Guylène Rignol, Virginie Lespinet-Fabre, Salomé Lalvée, Olivier Bordone, Katia Zahaf, Christelle Bonnetaud, Kevin Washetine, Sandra Lassalle, Elodie Long-Mira, Simon Heeke, Véronique Hofman and Paul Hofman
Cancers 2024, 16(12), 2219; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16122219 - 14 Jun 2024
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Abstract
The identification of ALK fusions in advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma (aNSCLC) is mandatory for targeted therapy. The current diagnostic approach employs an algorithm using ALK immunohistochemistry (IHC) screening, followed by confirmation through ALK FISH and/or next-generation sequencing (NGS). Challenges arise due to the [...] Read more.
The identification of ALK fusions in advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma (aNSCLC) is mandatory for targeted therapy. The current diagnostic approach employs an algorithm using ALK immunohistochemistry (IHC) screening, followed by confirmation through ALK FISH and/or next-generation sequencing (NGS). Challenges arise due to the infrequency of ALK fusions (3–7% of aNSCLC), the suboptimal specificity of ALK IHC and ALK FISH, and the growing molecular demands placed on small tissue samples, leading to interpretative, tissue availability, and time-related issues. This study investigates the effectiveness of RNA NGS as a reflex test for identifying ALK fusions in NSCLC, with the goal of replacing ALK IHC in the systematic screening process. The evaluation included 1246 NSCLC cases using paired techniques: ALK IHC, ALK FISH, and ALK NGS. ALK IHC identified 51 positive cases (4%), while RNA NGS detected ALK alterations in 59 cases (4.8%). Of the 59 ALK-positive cases identified via NGS, 53 (89.8%) were confirmed to be positive. This included 51 cases detected via both FISH and IHC, and 2 cases detected only via FISH, as they were completely negative according to IHC. The combined reporting time for ALK IHC and ALK FISH averaged 13 days, whereas ALK IHC and RNA NGS reports were obtained in an average of 4 days. These results emphasize the advantage of replacing systematic ALK IHC screening with RNA NGS reflex testing for a more comprehensive and accurate assessment of ALK status. Full article
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Review
The Multifaceted Role of Neutrophils in NSCLC in the Era of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
by Shucheng Miao, Bertha Leticia Rodriguez and Don L. Gibbons
Cancers 2024, 16(14), 2507; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16142507 - 10 Jul 2024
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Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death in both males and females in the U.S. and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85%. Although the use of first- or second-line immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) exhibits remarkable clinical benefits, resistance to [...] Read more.
Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death in both males and females in the U.S. and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 85%. Although the use of first- or second-line immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) exhibits remarkable clinical benefits, resistance to ICIs develops over time and dampens the efficacy of ICIs in patients. Tumor-associated neutrophils (TANs) have an important role in modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) and tumor immune response. The major challenge in the field is to characterize the TANs in NSCLC TME and understand the link between TAN-related immunosuppression with ICI treatment response. In this review, we summarize the current studies of neutrophil interaction with malignant cells, T-cells, and other components in the TME. Ongoing clinical trials are aimed at utilizing reagents that have putative effects on tumor-associated neutrophils, in combination with ICI. Elevated neutrophil populations and neutrophil-associated factors could be potential therapeutic targets to enhance anti-PD1 treatment in NSCLC. Full article
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