Novel Insights into Neuroinflammation and Brain Disease

Dear Colleagues,

Chemokines, a subclass of cytokines, are important modulators of immune activation and inflammation. Autoinflammatory central nervous system illnesses like multiple sclerosis (MS) or its animal counterpart, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), appear to be significantly impacted by the recently identified atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs). In contrast to other receptors, ACKRs function as scavenger receptors rather than appearing to trigger G protein signaling. C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL) and CXCL are bound by ACKR3, often referred to as CXCR7, one of the four ACKRs that have been identified to date. In the end, its activation allows leukocytes to enter the central nervous system. It also appears to mediate the migration of activated microglia, which have a significant impact on a number of CNS disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, brain damage, and even mental illnesses. ACKR3 has been demonstrated to be expressed in many parts of the brain in animal models, with an increase seen in cases of inflammation, such as EAE.

Additionally, ACKR3 elevations were observed in human astrocytes with cytokine stimulation or hypoxia induction. Only one study has examined ACKR3 to date.

Dr. Vlad Pădureanu
Dr. Ana-Maria Buga
Guest Editors

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