Migraine Management: Exploring Neural Clues

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Neuropharmacology and Neuropathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 February 2026) | Viewed by 1693

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Interests: multidisciplinary multimodal treatment for migraine; cluster headache; non-drug migraine treatment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Migraine is the second most disabling neurological disorder that affects over one billion people globally. Once considered primarily vascular, migraine is a complex neurovascular disorder involving both cortical and subcortical pathways. Recent advances have uncovered early neural cues, such as hypothalamic activation, abnormal thalamocortical processing, role of inflammation and mast cell activation, thus offering new targets for intervention.

This Special Issue explores cutting-edge research into the neural mechanisms, biomarkers, and multidimensional therapies transforming migraine care. We highlight translational research and advances in pharmacological management, but also non-pharmacological treatments such as neuromodulation, wearable neurotech, and AI-based forecasting tools, behavioral therapies—such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), biofeedback, and relaxation training—and structured trigger management, which remain foundational in preventing migraine chronification. The integration of neural insights with behavioral and technological interventions marks a new era in personalized migraine care.

We invite contributions that bridge translational neuroscience with clinical application, highlighting novel diagnostic and therapeutic ideas along with non-drug pathophysiological-targeted treatment strategies highlighting the complex neural inputs and outputs of the migraine brain. We encourage submission of the following paper types: original papers, systematic reviews, short reports, clinical trials, perspectives, communications, etc.

Dr. Soma Sahai-Srivastava
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • migraine management
  • translational research
  • non-drug treatment
  • neural cues
  • non-pharmacological treatment

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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24 pages, 7176 KB  
Systematic Review
Association Between Homocysteine, Vitamin B12, Folate and Migraine: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Islamia Ibrahim Ahmed Omer, Eman A. Kubbara, Tassneem Awad Hajali, Nouralsalhin A. Alaagib and Hamdan Z. Hamdan
Brain Sci. 2026, 16(2), 218; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci16020218 - 11 Feb 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1397
Abstract
Background: Migraine is a neurovascular disease; its pathogenesis has been linked to higher levels of homocysteine (Hcy) and/or deficiencies in vitamins (vitamin B12 and folate). However, previously published studies remained inconclusive. Therefore, the aim of this study is to review the literature [...] Read more.
Background: Migraine is a neurovascular disease; its pathogenesis has been linked to higher levels of homocysteine (Hcy) and/or deficiencies in vitamins (vitamin B12 and folate). However, previously published studies remained inconclusive. Therefore, the aim of this study is to review the literature to update the current evidence and clarify the association between Hcy, vitamin B12, folate and migraine in adult and pediatric patients. Methods: We searched the databases PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library for articles that investigated levels of Hcy, B12, and folate in association with migraine headaches, since inception through December 2025. The package “meta” in R software was used to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) of Hcy, B12 and folate in cases of migraine and compared with non-migraine controls. Results: A total of 17 studies (15 case–control and 2 cross-sectional) investigated the levels of Hcy, encompassing 1549 cases of migraine and 1824 non-migraine controls. The random effect model showed a significantly higher SMD for Hcy in migraine cases compared with non-migraine controls [SMD = 0.48, 95% CI (0.12; 0.83); p < 0.01; I2 = 91.0%]. Stratification analysis showed the same trends in a group of studies that was conducted in European countries [SMD = 0.29; 95% CI (0.04; 0.54); p = 0.02; I2 = 87.0%] and group of studies that used analytical methods other than immunoassays [SMD = 0.28; 95% CI (0.08; 0.49); p < 0.001; I2 = 84.0%]. Meta-regression results showed that only the year of publication had a significant positive effect [estimation coefficient = 0.087; p = 0.017]. Serum levels of vitamin B12 [16 studies included 1330 cases vs. 1533 controls, SMD = −0.36, 95% CI (−0.62; −0.10); p < 0.01; I2 = 92.1%] and folate [10 studies included with 793 cases vs. 1011 controls, SMD = −0.25 [−0.47; −0.04], p = 0.02; I2 = 77.3%] were found to be significantly lower in migraine cases compared with non-migraine controls, respectively. Conclusions: Adult and pediatric patients with migraine had elevated Hcy levels and lower vitamin B12 and folate levels. Clinicians may check and correct for Hcy, vitamin B12, and folate levels as prophylactic and therapeutic interventions for migraine. Further studies with a longitudinal design are needed to establish a causal relationship. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Migraine Management: Exploring Neural Clues)
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