Molecular Mechanisms and Pathophysiology of Gliomas

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2025 | Viewed by 364

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Guest Editor
Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Interests: glioma; targeted therapies; DNA repair; replication stress
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Dear Colleagues,

Gliomas are the most common cancers of the central nervous system. According to the WHO 2021 classification, gliomas are primarily categorized based on genetic alterations into astrocytomas (IDH-mutant), oligodendrogliomas (IDH-mutant, 1p/19q co-deleted), and glioblastomas (IDH-wildtype). These tumors exhibit a range of genetic and epigenetic changes that drive their progression. Common mutations include IDH1/2, TP53, and ATRX, alongside alterations in critical pathways such as RTK/PI3K, RAS/MAPK, and cell-cycle regulation. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA hypermethylation and histone methylation in IDH-mutant gliomas, also influence tumor behavior and therapeutic responses.

Gliomas leverage metabolic reprogramming, including the Warburg effect and the production of 2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG) in IDH-mutant tumors, to promote growth and survival. Additionally, the tumor microenvironment plays a pivotal role in glioma pathophysiology, with complex interactions among tumor cells, immune cells, and vascular structures driving immune evasion, angiogenesis, and tumor progression.

A deeper understanding of these molecular and pathophysiological mechanisms is crucial for the development of targeted therapies and improvement in patient outcomes.

Dr. Fengchao Lang
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • gliomas
  • cell cycle
  • epigenetic modifications
  • metabolic reprogramming
  • tumor microenvironment
  • targeted therapies

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

31 pages, 2890 KiB  
Review
Liquid Biopsy-Derived Tumor Biomarkers for Clinical Applications in Glioblastoma
by Bruna Pereira de Lima, Leticia Silva Ferraz, Sylvie Devalle and Helena Lobo Borges
Biomolecules 2025, 15(5), 658; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15050658 - 2 May 2025
Viewed by 179
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, characterized by rapid growth and resistance to chemotherapy. Conventional treatments remain largely ineffective, with patient survival averaging around 18 months after diagnosis. Current diagnostic methods rely on invasive tissue biopsies and imaging [...] Read more.
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, characterized by rapid growth and resistance to chemotherapy. Conventional treatments remain largely ineffective, with patient survival averaging around 18 months after diagnosis. Current diagnostic methods rely on invasive tissue biopsies and imaging tests. While traditional biopsies involve extracting tissue samples, their routine use is often limited by surgical risks and the challenge of accessing sensitive brain regions. Liquid biopsy has emerged as a promising noninvasive alternative, analyzing circulating tumor components—such as DNA, RNA, extracellular vesicles, and microRNAs—found in body fluids. This approach enables initial diagnosis and continuous disease monitoring, offering a significant advantage over traditional biopsies, which are impractical for frequent repetition during treatment follow-up. This review highlights recent advances in liquid biopsy-derived biomarkers for the clinical management of GBM. The discussion includes the advantages, limitations, and potential of these biomarkers as tools for early diagnosis and disease monitoring. A narrative review of the literature published over the last decade (2014–2024) was conducted using major health-focused scientific databases. The analysis focuses on evaluating the clinical relevance and applicability of liquid biopsy in GBM, offering insights into its potential as a minimally invasive and effective tool for improving glioblastoma management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms and Pathophysiology of Gliomas)
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