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Biomolecules
Special Issues
The Biomarkers in Renal Diseases
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The Biomarkers in Renal Diseases

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Biomarkers".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2025 | Viewed by 562

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Rosemary Wangensteen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Fisiología, Universidad de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
Interests: kidney health and disease; aminopeptidases; biomarkers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. María Carmen Ruiz Fuentes

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Complejo Hospitalario, Universitario de Granada, Granada, Spain
Interests: kidney; nephrology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The early detection and progression of renal disease remain a challenge. Traditional markers such as serum creatinine and proteinuria start to rise when renal function has already diminished or renal lesions are evident. Therefore, the sensitivity and specificity of these markers may not be adequate for the diagnosis and prognosis of several renal pathologies. For this Special Issue, we invite the submission of experimental and clinical articles and reviews in relation to biomarkers of acute kidney injury or chronic kidney disease that can increase the sensitivity and specificity of traditional markers, thus contributing to early diagnosis and prognosis in renal diseases. Articles can include biomarkers that are present in any biological sample, such as blood or urine, or even extracellular vesicles isolated from urine, which represent a promising source of biomarkers.

Prof. Dr. Rosemary Wangensteen
Dr. María Carmen Ruiz Fuentes
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomolecules is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomarkers
  • acute kidney injury
  • chronic kidney disease
  • microvesicles
  • exosomes

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

18 pages, 3620 KiB  
Article
Fecal Calprotectin as a Prognostic Biomarker for Mortality and Renal Outcomes in Chronic Kidney Disease
by So Young Lee, Kyungdo Han, Hyuk-Sang Kwon, Eun Sil Koh and Sungjin Chung
Biomolecules 2025, 15(4), 557; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom15040557 - 10 Apr 2025
Viewed by 424
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Fecal calprotectin (FC) is a biomarker of intestinal inflammation widely used in the assessment of gastrointestinal disorders. However, its role in chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unclear. Given the growing recognition of the gut–kidney axis in CKD pathophysiology, this study aimed to [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Fecal calprotectin (FC) is a biomarker of intestinal inflammation widely used in the assessment of gastrointestinal disorders. However, its role in chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unclear. Given the growing recognition of the gut–kidney axis in CKD pathophysiology, this study aimed to investigate the association between FC levels, systemic inflammation, renal outcomes, and mortality in CKD patients. Methods: We enrolled a total of 515 CKD patients who underwent fecal calprotectin measurement between 2016 and 2023. After applying the exclusion criteria (inflammatory bowel disease, ongoing renal replacement therapy, or incomplete laboratory data), 260 patients were included in the final analysis and stratified into low-FC (<102 μg/g, n = 130) and high-FC (≥102 μg/g, n = 130) groups based on the median FC value. Factors associated with kidney disease progression and patient survival were analyzed. Results: Patients in the high-FC group (≥102 μg/g) were significantly older (72.8 ± 14.63 vs. 64.02 ± 18.15 years, p < 0.0001) and had a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (55.38% vs. 42.31%, p = 0.0349), heart failure (21.54% vs. 7.69%, p = 0.0016), and history of acute kidney injury (33.85% vs. 18.46%, p = 0.0048). Elevated FC was independently associated with increased mortality risk (hazards ratio [HR] 1.658, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.034–2.658, p = 0.0357) with higher mortality rates (48.36 vs. 18.46 per 100,000 person-years). Subgroup analyses revealed stronger associations between FC and mortality in males (HR 2.160, 95% CI 1.046–4.463, p = 0.0375), elderly patients (≥75 years) (HR 2.122, 95% CI 1.209–3.725, p = 0.0088), and non-diabetic patients (HR 2.487, 95% CI 1.141–5.421, p = 0.0219). While FC was not significantly associated with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) progression (odds ratio [OR] 1.289, 95% CI 0.455–3.650, p = 0.6323), higher FC levels paradoxically predicted slower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline (OR 2.763, 95% CI 1.139–6.699, p = 0.0245). Combined analysis revealed patients with both elevated FC and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) had the highest mortality risk (HR 3.504, 95% CI 1.163–10.554, p < 0.0001) compared to those with low levels of both markers. Conclusions: FC is a potential prognostic biomarker for mortality in CKD patients, independently of traditional inflammatory markers. Further research is warranted to elucidate the mechanisms underlying its paradoxical relationship with renal outcomes and its potential role in risk stratification and therapeutic targeting in CKD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Biomarkers in Renal Diseases)
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