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Short-Term Forecasting in Civil Engineering with Multidisciplinary Approaches: Combined Numerical,...
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Short-Term Forecasting in Civil Engineering with Multidisciplinary Approaches: Combined Numerical, Experimental and Statistical Methods

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Civil Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2020) | Viewed by 56778

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yong-Sik Cho

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Professor, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
Interests: numerical modeling of tsunami propagation and run-up, coastal engineering, risk and hazard analyses
Dr. Seungoh Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Associate Professor, School of Urban and Civil Engineering, Hongik University, 94 Wausan-ro, Mapo-gu, Seoul 04066, Korea
Interests: river and coastal engineering, sediment transport, water power, risk management, data modeling, dimensional analysis
Dr. Hyun-Han Kwon

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
Interests: stochastic hydrology; water resources modeling; Bayesian modeling; time series analysis and forecasting; climate change; hydro-meteorology; machine learning; weather forecasting; risk analysis; big data analysis; soil moisture modeling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

A multidisciplinary approach on the short-term forecasting has been suggested to achieve higher reliability in the field of civil engineering, to provide timely and accurate prediction for proactive management and control. The purpose of the proposed Special Issue on “Short-Term Forecasting in Civil Engineering with Multidisciplinary Approaches: Combined Numerical, Experimental, and Statistical Methods” is to present an integrated approach to explore the vulnerability of infrastructures to natural disasters that combines different approaches including numerical, experimental, and statistical methods to foster a scientific framework for better understanding the impact of climate and social-environmental change on infrastructures.

Dr. Yong-Sik Cho
Dr. Seungoh Lee
Dr. Hyun-Han Kwon
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Forecasting modeling;
  • Data-driven model;
  • Decision support;
  • Risk; 
  • Resilience;
  • Bayesian model application; 
  • Artificial neural networks (ANNs);
  • Support vector regression (SVR);
  • Hierarchical and probabilistic forecasting;
  • Hybrid and combined models.

Published Papers (19 papers)

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22 pages, 4987 KiB  
Article
Classification-Based Regression Models for Prediction of the Mechanical Properties of Roller-Compacted Concrete Pavement
by Ali Ashrafian, Mohammad Javad Taheri Amiri, Parisa Masoumi, Mahsa Asadi-shiadeh, Mojtaba Yaghoubi-chenari, Amir Mosavi and Narjes Nabipour
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(11), 3707; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10113707 - 27 May 2020
Cited by 33 | Viewed by 3208
Abstract
In the field of pavement engineering, the determination of the mechanical characteristics is one of the essential processes for reliable material design and highway sustainability. Early determination of the mechanical characteristics of pavement is essential for road and highway construction and maintenance. Tensile [...] Read more.
In the field of pavement engineering, the determination of the mechanical characteristics is one of the essential processes for reliable material design and highway sustainability. Early determination of the mechanical characteristics of pavement is essential for road and highway construction and maintenance. Tensile strength (TS), compressive strength (CS), and flexural strength (FS) of roller-compacted concrete pavement (RCCP) are crucial characteristics. In this research, the classification-based regression models random forest (RF), M5rule model tree (M5rule), M5prime model tree (M5p), and chi-square automatic interaction detection (CHAID) are used for simulation of the mechanical characteristics of RCCP. A comprehensive and reliable dataset comprising 621, 326, and 290 data records for CS, TS, and FS experimental cases was extracted from several open sources in the literature. The mechanical properties are determined based on influential input combinations that are processed using principle component analysis (PCA). The PCA method specifies that volumetric/weighted content forms of experimental variables (e.g., coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, supplementary cementitious materials, water, and binder) and specimens’ age are the most effective inputs to generate better performance. Several statistical metrics were used to evaluate the proposed classification-based regression models. The RF model revealed an optimistic classification capacity of the CS, TS, and FS prediction of the RCCP in comparison with the CHAID, M5rule, and M5p models. Monte-Carlo simulation was used to verify the results in terms of the uncertainty and sensitivity of variables. Overall, the proposed methodology formed a reliable soft computing model that can be implemented for material engineering, construction, and design. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Short-Term Forecasting in Civil Engineering with Multidisciplinary Approaches: Combined Numerical, Experimental and Statistical Methods)
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19 pages, 13302 KiB  
Article
DEM Analysis of Track Ballast for Track Ballast–Wheel Interaction Simulation
by Nam-Hyoung Lim, Kyoung-Ju Kim, Hyun-Ung Bae and Seungjun Kim
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(8), 2717; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10082717 - 15 Apr 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2843
Abstract
This study aims to suggest a rational analysis method for a track ballast–wheel interaction that could be further developed to model the interaction in a train-derailment event, based on the discrete-element method (DEM). Track ballast is filled with gravel to form the trackbed. [...] Read more.
This study aims to suggest a rational analysis method for a track ballast–wheel interaction that could be further developed to model the interaction in a train-derailment event, based on the discrete-element method (DEM). Track ballast is filled with gravel to form the trackbed. Although finite-element analysis (FEA) is widely applied in structural analysis, track ballast cannot be analyzed using conventional FEA because this approach does not allow separation of elements that share nodes. The DEM has been developed to analyze the dynamic behavior of separable objects, assuming that the objects are rigid. Therefore, track ballast can be modeled as separable rigid pieces of gravel, and its dynamic behavior can be analyzed using a rational contact model. In this study, a rational numerical strategy for track ballast–wheel interaction was investigated using the DEM approach. The suggested analysis method was validated through comparison with the experimental results of a drop test. In addition, case studies were conducted to investigate the effects of the contact-model parameters on the simulation result. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Short-Term Forecasting in Civil Engineering with Multidisciplinary Approaches: Combined Numerical, Experimental and Statistical Methods)
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22 pages, 5684 KiB  
Article
A Construction Schedule Robustness Measure Based on Improved Prospect Theory and the Copula-CRITIC Method
by Mengqi Zhao, Xiaoling Wang, Jia Yu, Linli Xue and Shuai Yang
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(6), 2013; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10062013 - 16 Mar 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2138
Abstract
A robustness measure is an effective tool to evaluate the anti-interference capacity of the construction schedule. However, most research focuses on solution robustness or quality robustness, and few consider a composite robustness criterion, neglecting the bounded rationality of subjective weights and inherent importance [...] Read more.
A robustness measure is an effective tool to evaluate the anti-interference capacity of the construction schedule. However, most research focuses on solution robustness or quality robustness, and few consider a composite robustness criterion, neglecting the bounded rationality of subjective weights and inherent importance and nonlinear intercriteria correlations of objective weights. Therefore, a construction schedule robustness measure based on improved prospect theory and the Copula-criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) method is proposed. Firstly, a composite robustness criterion is established, including start time deviation rs and structural deviation rp for measuring solution robustness from project execution and completion probability rc for measuring quality robustness from the project result. Secondly, bounded rationality is considered, using prospect theory to calculate subjective weights, which is improved by the interval distance formula. Thirdly, the Copula-CRITIC method is proposed to determine objective weights incorporating both inherent importance and nonlinear intercriteria correlations. Finally, an information-entropy-based evidence reasoning method is applied to combine subjective and objective weights together while identifying their validity. An underground power station in China is used for a case study, whose robustness is measured using the proposed methods, single robustness criterion, and composite robustness criterion using traditional weighting methods. The comparison results verify the consistency, representativeness, and advantage of the proposed criterion and methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Short-Term Forecasting in Civil Engineering with Multidisciplinary Approaches: Combined Numerical, Experimental and Statistical Methods)
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17 pages, 5135 KiB  
Article
Performance-Based Reliability Estimates for Highway Bridges Considering Previous Inspection Data
by Won-Ho Heo
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(5), 1873; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10051873 - 9 Mar 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1949
Abstract
This paper proposes a performance-based resistance deterioration model that reflects the site environment and inspection data for highway bridges. Traffic characteristics and corrosive environment are considered as the site environment. The corrosive environments and traffic characteristics are classified into three categories, namely mild, [...] Read more.
This paper proposes a performance-based resistance deterioration model that reflects the site environment and inspection data for highway bridges. Traffic characteristics and corrosive environment are considered as the site environment. The corrosive environments and traffic characteristics are classified into three categories, namely mild, normal, and severe for the former and light, normal, and heavy for the latter. The deterioration of the resistance capacity due to corrosive environments is evaluated considering both the service period and the concrete crack widths in the pre-stressed concrete (PSC) girder and the reinforced concrete (RC) slab. The deterioration model of the resistance capacity is calibrated by combining the performance degradation model. The performance degradation model is also calibrated using previous bridge inspection results from the standard performance degradation model, which has been developed based on the large amount of data available on many pre-stressed concrete-I (PSC-I) type girder bridges. The developed performance-based resistance deterioration model is used to evaluate the reliability of a bridge in the future. The results show that the performance inspection outcomes, either based on the current status or lifetime inspection history, are critical in estimating the future degradation of the reliability level, inherent to the bridge. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Short-Term Forecasting in Civil Engineering with Multidisciplinary Approaches: Combined Numerical, Experimental and Statistical Methods)
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22 pages, 3280 KiB  
Article
Data Driven Water Surface Elevation Forecasting Model with Hybrid Activation Function—A Case Study for Hangang River, South Korea
by Hyung Ju Yoo, Dong Hyun Kim, Hyun-Han Kwon and Seung Oh Lee
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(4), 1424; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10041424 - 20 Feb 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2128
Abstract
To date, physical, numerical or data-driven models have been used to forecast water surface elevation in rivers for specific times or locations in the literature. Recently, the trend of forecasting water surface elevation changed from physical and numerical models to data-driven models with [...] Read more.
To date, physical, numerical or data-driven models have been used to forecast water surface elevation in rivers for specific times or locations in the literature. Recently, the trend of forecasting water surface elevation changed from physical and numerical models to data-driven models with the help of the development of big data processing technology and fast simulating time of data-driven models. In this study, a data-driven model with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) was developed using TensorFlow, one of the famous deep learning frameworks and forecasting of water surface elevation affected tidal river was performed in Hangang River, Korea. From many types of field measurements, the hourly hydrological data, precipitation, outlet discharge of dam upstream and tidal levels were selected as the input dataset through a t-test and a p-value. In particular, the hybrid activation function was proposed to alleviate the vanishing gradient and dying neuron problems generally issued in the application of the activation function. The model showed that the root mean square error (RMSE) and peak error (PE) decreased by 0.22–0.25 m and 0.11–0.21 m, respectively, and the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) increased up to 79.3%–97.0% compared with the single activation functions. For w 1 = 0.6 and w 2 = 0.4 in the hybrid activation function, the improvement of accuracy and the enhancement of the application range of the leading time interval were obtained through a sensitivity analysis. Moreover, the hybrid activation function showed a good performance. The forecasting results provided by this model can be used as reference data for the establishment of the emergency action plan (EAP). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Short-Term Forecasting in Civil Engineering with Multidisciplinary Approaches: Combined Numerical, Experimental and Statistical Methods)
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22 pages, 1474 KiB  
Article
Forecasting the Project Duration Average and Standard Deviation from Deterministic Schedule Information
by Pablo Ballesteros-Pérez, Alberto Cerezo-Narváez, Manuel Otero-Mateo, Andrés Pastor-Fernández, Jingxiao Zhang and Mario Vanhoucke
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(2), 654; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10020654 - 16 Jan 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4248
Abstract
Most construction managers use deterministic scheduling techniques to plan construction projects and estimate their duration. However, deterministic techniques are known to underestimate the project duration. Alternative methods, such as Stochastic Network Analysis, have rarely been adopted in practical contexts as they are commonly [...] Read more.
Most construction managers use deterministic scheduling techniques to plan construction projects and estimate their duration. However, deterministic techniques are known to underestimate the project duration. Alternative methods, such as Stochastic Network Analysis, have rarely been adopted in practical contexts as they are commonly computer-intensive, require extensive historical information, have limited contextual/local validity and/or require skills most practitioners have not been trained for. In this paper, we propose some mathematical expressions to approximate the average and the standard deviation of a project duration from basic deterministic schedule information. The expressions’ performance is successfully tested in a 4100-network dataset with varied activity durations and activity durations variability. Calculations are quite straightforward and can be implemented manually. Furthermore, unlike the Project Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT), they allow drawing inferences about the probability of project duration in the presence of several critical and subcritical paths with minimal additional calculation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Short-Term Forecasting in Civil Engineering with Multidisciplinary Approaches: Combined Numerical, Experimental and Statistical Methods)
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10 pages, 3683 KiB  
Article
Model Uncertainty for Displacement Prediction for Laterally Loaded Piles on Granular Fill
by Manuel Bueno Aguado, Félix Escolano Sánchez and Eugenio Sanz Pérez
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(2), 613; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10020613 - 15 Jan 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1715
Abstract
Engineers are often concerned with the capability of a particular mathematical model to simulate a real-scale phenomenon. Model uncertainty is a relevant issue in order to assess the safety factor of a particular structure. In this paper, large-scale laterally loaded pile outputs are [...] Read more.
Engineers are often concerned with the capability of a particular mathematical model to simulate a real-scale phenomenon. Model uncertainty is a relevant issue in order to assess the safety factor of a particular structure. In this paper, large-scale laterally loaded pile outputs are compared to predictions using well-known formulations. In this way, an insight on model uncertainty is presented. Both p-y method proposed by the API, and the horizontal reaction modulus proposed in many codes are used to predict displacement. Both are correlated to the site investigation. In this way, engineers are provided with a critical view of the available prediction methods to assess laterally loaded pile behaviour. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Short-Term Forecasting in Civil Engineering with Multidisciplinary Approaches: Combined Numerical, Experimental and Statistical Methods)
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19 pages, 8443 KiB  
Article
Influence of Approaching Excavation on Adjacent Segments for Twin Tunnels
by Shaohua Li, Pengfei Li, Mingju Zhang and Yi Liu
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(1), 98; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10010098 - 20 Dec 2019
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 3794
Abstract
This paper aims at influence analysis of approaching excavation on adjacent segments for twin tunnels with variable clear spacing located in Beijing, China. A series of numerical simulations have been conducted to investigate the influence of approaching excavation on ground displacements and mechanical [...] Read more.
This paper aims at influence analysis of approaching excavation on adjacent segments for twin tunnels with variable clear spacing located in Beijing, China. A series of numerical simulations have been conducted to investigate the influence of approaching excavation on ground displacements and mechanical responses of segments. What’s more, on-site monitoring was conducted at the position of the minimum spacing between the twin tunnels. It is found that the deformation of the measured segment presents a pronounced asymmetric ovalization when the second tunnel approaches the measured cross-section. During the approaching excavation of the second tunnel, the normal force increases gradually, whereas the bending moment first decreases and then increases. The maximum increments of internal forces in the measured segment are both located at the regions near the second tunnel, in which the springline and shoulder of the segment are mainly subject to the effect of the circumferential compression and axial tension. The approaching excavation reduces the horizontal displacements of the ground between twin tunnels and increases the ground settlements as well as the horizontal displacements of the ground on both sides. The actual tunneling case of first along the curved trajectory and then along the straight-line trajectory can reduce internal forces of the segment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Short-Term Forecasting in Civil Engineering with Multidisciplinary Approaches: Combined Numerical, Experimental and Statistical Methods)
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21 pages, 12009 KiB  
Article
Study on Shear Mechanism of Bolted Jointed Rocks: Experiments and CZM-Based FEM Simulations
by Shubo Zhang, Gang Wang, Yujing Jiang, Xianlong WU, Genxiao Li, Peng He, Junhong Yu and Linlin Sun
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(1), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10010062 - 20 Dec 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2369
Abstract
Based on the underground jointed rock of the Huangdao water sealed oil depot in China, the shear failure mechanism of bolted jointed rock is studied through laboratory experiments and numerical simulation. Laboratory experiments are performed to explore the shear behavior of bolted jointed [...] Read more.
Based on the underground jointed rock of the Huangdao water sealed oil depot in China, the shear failure mechanism of bolted jointed rock is studied through laboratory experiments and numerical simulation. Laboratory experiments are performed to explore the shear behavior of bolted jointed rock with different joint roughness. Our results show that using high strength bolts is beneficial to improving the shear strength of the jointed rock, but the high strength of bolts can also lead to the rock fracture, which should be avoided. For this particular project site, experimental results indicate that 15% elongation is the best. In addition, a new numerical simulation method with CZM (cohesive zone model) used for modeling the shearing process of bolted jointed rock is proposed. It can reasonably describe the characteristics of jointed rock as a discontinuous medium, and bolt as a continuous medium, that replicate well the shearing process. The numerical model is then verified by comparing the experiment results, and it can be effectively be applied to the simulation of joint shearing process. Finally, we use this simulation method to explore the shear failure mechanism of bolted joints, and find that the root cause of rock failure is the deformation mismatch between the bolt and the surrounding rock. The tensile stress between them eventually causes the rock to fracture near the bolt hole. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Short-Term Forecasting in Civil Engineering with Multidisciplinary Approaches: Combined Numerical, Experimental and Statistical Methods)
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14 pages, 3141 KiB  
Article
Numerical and Statistical Analyses of Tsunami Heights with the L-Moments Method
by Cheol Kang, Koo-Yong Park and Yong-Sik Cho
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(24), 5517; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9245517 - 15 Dec 2019
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1666
Abstract
As devastating and unpredictable tsunamis generated by underwater earthquakes are occurring more frequently, the need for tsunami disaster prevention measures is rapidly increasing. In this study, tsunami heights were estimated, and the best-fit distribution was examined through a combination of numerical analyses and [...] Read more.
As devastating and unpredictable tsunamis generated by underwater earthquakes are occurring more frequently, the need for tsunami disaster prevention measures is rapidly increasing. In this study, tsunami heights were estimated, and the best-fit distribution was examined through a combination of numerical analyses and statistical methods. A numerical model was employed to estimate the tsunami heights, and the parameters were estimated using the method of L-moments applied to the estimated tsunami heights. The best-fit distribution was determined by applying the estimated parameters to the L-moment ratio diagram. The study areas were the Imwon Port and the Sadong Port located in the eastern part of the Korean Peninsula. The tsunami height distribution was represented by a log-normal distribution for the Imwon Port, whereas the distribution was represented by a generalized Pareto distribution for the Sadong Port. The study indicates that the distribution most commonly suggested by previous studies, i.e., the log-normal distribution, is not always accurate. Therefore, when performing statistical analysis on tsunami heights, the assumption of a log-normal distribution should be considered carefully. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Short-Term Forecasting in Civil Engineering with Multidisciplinary Approaches: Combined Numerical, Experimental and Statistical Methods)
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16 pages, 911 KiB  
Article
Data-Driven Deformation Reliability of Retaining Structures in Deep Excavations Considering Measurement Error
by Li Xu, Yang Xu, Cao Wang and Kairui Feng
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(24), 5466; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9245466 - 12 Dec 2019
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2317
Abstract
The deflections of retaining structures during deep excavation should be controlled below a predefined threshold in an attempt to mitigate the deformation-posed damage to the surrounding buildings and infrastructure facilities. In this paper, a new approach is presented to conducting deformation reliability assessments [...] Read more.
The deflections of retaining structures during deep excavation should be controlled below a predefined threshold in an attempt to mitigate the deformation-posed damage to the surrounding buildings and infrastructure facilities. In this paper, a new approach is presented to conducting deformation reliability assessments of retaining structures. The method is based on an extension of the classical first-passage reliability problem and is applied on the spatial scale of the retaining structures. With the proposed method, the in situ monitoring data and the associated measurement error can be easily incorporated, which accordingly improves the assessment accuracy. Moreover, the proposed method has a closed-form solution, which is beneficial for the computation efficiency and its practical application. The method was applied to assess the retaining structure reliability in a foundation excavation of a subway station in Fuzhou, China. The accuracy of the analytical results was verified through a comparison with those of Monte Carlo simulation. It was shown that the proposed method can represent well, the deformation-based safety level of retaining structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Short-Term Forecasting in Civil Engineering with Multidisciplinary Approaches: Combined Numerical, Experimental and Statistical Methods)
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19 pages, 7002 KiB  
Article
Concrete Crack Identification and Image Mosaic Based on Image Processing
by Furui Tian, Ying Zhao, Xiangqian Che, Yagebai Zhao and Dabo Xin
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(22), 4826; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9224826 - 11 Nov 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3671
Abstract
Crack assessment is an essential process in bridge detection. In general, most non-contact crack detection techniques are not suitable for widespread use. The reason for this is that they all need to position the ruler at the inspection site in advance or calibrate [...] Read more.
Crack assessment is an essential process in bridge detection. In general, most non-contact crack detection techniques are not suitable for widespread use. The reason for this is that they all need to position the ruler at the inspection site in advance or calibrate the camera unit pixel size at a certain distance in a very intricate process. However, the object distance method in this paper can complete the calculation using only the crack image and the working distance, which are provided by an acquisition system equipped with a camera and laser range finder. First, the object distance method and the scale method are compared by calculating the crack width, and the results show that the object distance method is the more accurate method. Then, a double edge pixel statistical method is proposed to calculate the crack length, which solves the problem of redundant and missing pixels. In addition, the conventional mosaic algorithm is improved to realize an image mosaic for the more efficient splicing of crack images. Finally, a series of laboratory tests were conducted to verify the proposed approach. The experiments showed that the precision of crack length extraction can reach 92%, and the improved algorithm stitching precision can reach 98%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Short-Term Forecasting in Civil Engineering with Multidisciplinary Approaches: Combined Numerical, Experimental and Statistical Methods)
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17 pages, 2357 KiB  
Article
Predicting of the Unit Grouting Quantity in Karst Curtain Grouting by the Water Permeability of Rock Strata
by Jian-Dong Niu, Bin Wang, Guan-Jun Chen and Kang Chen
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(22), 4814; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9224814 - 11 Nov 2019
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2316
Abstract
The prediction of the unit grouting quantity is one of the key points in the design and construction of karst curtain grouting. Because of the concealment and complexity of the karst curtain grouting project, there is no reliable solution to this problem. In [...] Read more.
The prediction of the unit grouting quantity is one of the key points in the design and construction of karst curtain grouting. Because of the concealment and complexity of the karst curtain grouting project, there is no reliable solution to this problem. In this paper, based on the calculation method of water permeability in water-pressure test in grouting engineering, Poiseuille flow equation in fluid mechanics, and cubic law, the relationship between the unit grouting quantity and the water permeability of rock strata in karst curtain grouting is studied. It is found that there is a nonlinear positive correlation between the unit grouting quantity and the water permeability of rock strata in karst curtain grouting, which is in the form of power function. At the same time, the comprehensive coefficient of karst curtain grouting ( K ) is introduced to describe the quantitative relationship between the unit grouting quantity and the water permeability of rock strata. K is comprehensively characterized by three controlling factors, namely, the characteristics of slurry fluid, the characteristics of grouted rock strata, and the technical factors of grouting in karst curtain grouting. Based on this theoretical relationship, a method for predicting the unit grouting quantity in karst curtain grouting by the water permeability of rock strata is proposed in this paper. Finally, based on the typical example of karst curtain grouting project, through the field grouting test and nonlinear function fitting, the comprehensive coefficient of karst curtain grouting ( K ) is 24.37 in the area of strong karst development, and it is 16.51 in the area of weak karst development. The proposed method is applied to the prediction of the unit grouting quantity in the main project of karst curtain grouting, and the results verify the rationality and applicability of the method. This study has a certain reference value and guiding role in the design, construction, and theoretical research of karst curtain grouting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Short-Term Forecasting in Civil Engineering with Multidisciplinary Approaches: Combined Numerical, Experimental and Statistical Methods)
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18 pages, 1598 KiB  
Article
On Two Approaches to Slope Stability Reliability Assessments Using the Random Finite Element Method
by Yajun Li, Cheng Qian, Zhongzhi Fu and Zhuo Li
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(20), 4421; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9204421 - 18 Oct 2019
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2600
Abstract
The random finite element method has been increasingly used in the geotechnical community to investigate the influence of soil spatial variability and to bridge the gap between a traditional design and a reliability-based design. There are two approaches to calculate the reliability curves [...] Read more.
The random finite element method has been increasingly used in the geotechnical community to investigate the influence of soil spatial variability and to bridge the gap between a traditional design and a reliability-based design. There are two approaches to calculate the reliability curves as a function of the traditional/global factor of safety in the literature. However, it is not clear how these two approaches may be related and why. This paper is devoted to answering this question, through the aid of an implemented auto-search algorithm within the strength reduction method and the quantification of the potential sliding volumes in the various possible Monte Carlo realisations of the soil spatial variability. The equivalences and differences between the two approaches, and thereby their respective merits and disadvantages, are explained and discussed for the most commonly used distribution types of soil strength properties, that is, normal and lognormal distribution. Computational efficiency has also been addressed in the form of pseudocodes, which can be readily implemented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Short-Term Forecasting in Civil Engineering with Multidisciplinary Approaches: Combined Numerical, Experimental and Statistical Methods)
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20 pages, 3969 KiB  
Article
Random Field-Based Time-Dependent Reliability Analyses of a PSC Box-Girder Bridge
by Zheheng Chen, Tong Guo, Shaobo Liu and Weiwei Lin
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(20), 4415; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9204415 - 18 Oct 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2079
Abstract
The parameters affecting structural reliability are usually regarded as independent random variables in the current reliability analyses of bridge structures while the randomness of these structural parameters in spatial distribution is neglected. To overcome this disadvantage, the random field model should be used [...] Read more.
The parameters affecting structural reliability are usually regarded as independent random variables in the current reliability analyses of bridge structures while the randomness of these structural parameters in spatial distribution is neglected. To overcome this disadvantage, the random field model should be used to describe their probability distribution. In this paper, a structural reliability analysis method considering the effect of a random field is proposed, and its validity is verified by three numerical case studies. A prestressed concrete (PSC) box-girder bridge with a main span of 150 m is selected for demonstration, and the importance sampling (IS) method is applied to estimate its failure probability, in which the influences of shrinkage and creep, stress relaxation, and shear lag on the time-dependent performance of the structure are taken into account. In addition, the random fields of the structure are discretized by using the local average method (LAM). Finally, the effects of random field parameters, such as the number of discrete elements, correlation model, and correlation length, on the reliability of the box-girder bridge are discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Short-Term Forecasting in Civil Engineering with Multidisciplinary Approaches: Combined Numerical, Experimental and Statistical Methods)
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16 pages, 3145 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Node Location Imperfections on the Reliability of Single-Layer Steel Domes
by Paweł Zabojszcza and Urszula Radoń
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(13), 2742; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9132742 - 6 Jul 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2545
Abstract
This study is an attempt to assess the effect of node location imperfections on the reliability dome. The analysis concerns a single-layer steel lattice dome that is very sensitive to node snap-through. The load-displacement path of the structure was determined using the program, [...] Read more.
This study is an attempt to assess the effect of node location imperfections on the reliability dome. The analysis concerns a single-layer steel lattice dome that is very sensitive to node snap-through. The load-displacement path of the structure was determined using the program, Finite Element Method-Krata. To determine the failure probability, reliability index, and elasticity index, the first-order reliability method approximation method was employed. The reliability analysis was conducted with Numpress Explore software, developed at the Institute of Fundamental Technological Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw. In this paper, it is shown how large differences in the assessment of the safety of a structure can appear when we incorrectly estimate the standard deviation of the random variable responsible for the imperfections of node locations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Short-Term Forecasting in Civil Engineering with Multidisciplinary Approaches: Combined Numerical, Experimental and Statistical Methods)
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17 pages, 5638 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Basic Failure Scenarios of a Truss Tower in a Probabilistic Approach
by Wojciech Mochocki and Urszula Radoń
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(13), 2662; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9132662 - 29 Jun 2019
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 7145
Abstract
This paper concerns the system reliability analysis of steel truss towers. Due to failures of towers, the assessment of their reliability seems to be a very important problem. In the analysis, two cases are examined: when the buckling coefficient is a deterministic value [...] Read more.
This paper concerns the system reliability analysis of steel truss towers. Due to failures of towers, the assessment of their reliability seems to be a very important problem. In the analysis, two cases are examined: when the buckling coefficient is a deterministic value and when it is a random variable. The impact of failures of single elements on the structure reliability was investigated. Calculations of the standard deviation of the capacity and reliability indexes were made using author-developed programs in the Mathematica environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Short-Term Forecasting in Civil Engineering with Multidisciplinary Approaches: Combined Numerical, Experimental and Statistical Methods)
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22 pages, 5820 KiB  
Article
Determination and Implementation of Reasonable Completion State for the Self-Anchored Suspension Bridge with Extra-Wide Concrete Girder
by Guangpan Zhou, Aiqun Li, Jianhui Li, Maojun Duan, Zhiyuan Xia and Li Zhu
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(12), 2576; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9122576 - 25 Jun 2019
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3365
Abstract
The present work is aimed at studying the determination method and implementation process of reasonable completion state for the Hunan Road Bridge, which is currently the widest concrete self-anchored suspension bridge in China. The global finite element model and the cable analytic program [...] Read more.
The present work is aimed at studying the determination method and implementation process of reasonable completion state for the Hunan Road Bridge, which is currently the widest concrete self-anchored suspension bridge in China. The global finite element model and the cable analytic program BNLAS were integrated. The synthesis algorithm of completion state determination was proposed. The contact relationships between the cable and saddles were captured using the refined FE discretization method. The concrete shrinkage and creep effects during the construction and operation periods were predicted using the CEB-FIP 90 model and the age-adjusted effective modulus method. The cable alignments under the free cable state, system transformation condition, and completion state were obtained. Moreover, the multiple-control method for the whole process of system transformation was proposed. The multiple parameters included the hanger tensioning force, exposed amount of hanger anchor cup, and tag line position. A detailed system transformation procedure was formulated and well preformed in the construction site. In addition, the further optimization analysis of final hanger force was conducted based on the actual completion state. The influence on the stress and geometry evolution of girder brought by the final girder alignment was investigated. The measured results of structural alignment and stress show that the target completion state was well implemented. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed multiple-control method were verified by checking the tag line position of each step. In addition, the optimized final hanger force and girder lifting amount were obtained, which can provide feedback and reference for the construction control and service safety of the similar concrete self-anchored suspension bridges. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Short-Term Forecasting in Civil Engineering with Multidisciplinary Approaches: Combined Numerical, Experimental and Statistical Methods)
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19 pages, 4189 KiB  
Technical Note
The Effects of Tangential Ground–Lining Interaction on Segmental Lining Behavior Using the Beam-Spring Model
by Anh The Pham and Mitsutaka Sugimoto
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(3), 1084; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10031084 - 6 Feb 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3766
Abstract
The shield tunneling method is widely used, especially in urban areas, since it is efficient for minimizing disturbances to surroundings. Although segmental lining is commonly used in this method, in both the research and practice of tunnel lining design, the interaction between the [...] Read more.
The shield tunneling method is widely used, especially in urban areas, since it is efficient for minimizing disturbances to surroundings. Although segmental lining is commonly used in this method, in both the research and practice of tunnel lining design, the interaction between the ground and lining in the tangential direction remains unclear; that is, the mobilizing shear stress due to load models and the degree of the bond in the tangential direction. Therefore, to clarify the effects and mechanism of the tangential ground–lining interaction on segmental lining behavior, a parameter study was carried out, taking tangential spring stiffness, load models, soil stiffness, and shallow and deep tunnels as parameters. The interaction conditions were based on the existing literature. It was found that (1) the tangential spring has small effects on lining behavior, (2) the load model significantly affects the sectional forces, (3) the initial tangential earth pressure and slip ground–lining boundary provide more safety from a design viewpoint, and (4) in the case of shallow tunnels in soft ground, tensile stress appears in the lining. Therefore, it is important to take the tangential ground–lining interaction conditions into consideration during tunnel lining analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Short-Term Forecasting in Civil Engineering with Multidisciplinary Approaches: Combined Numerical, Experimental and Statistical Methods)
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