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Phosphorus and Micronutrient Interactions in Soils

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A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Soil and Plant Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 March 2021) | Viewed by 13254

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Prof. Dr. Bryan Hopkins

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Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
Interests: nutrient; soil; water science and management

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plant nutrient deficiencies can inhibit yield and crop quality, especially where fertilizers are unaffordable or unavailable. Phosphorus accounts for about 25% of fertilizer use. Its use is dramatically increasing in developing regions, but rarely accompanied with micronutrients in these areas. However, high phosphorus rates can induce deficiencies of certain micronutrients.

In developed agricultural areas, fertilization helped initiate the Green Revolution resulting in steady yield increases that continue to this day. Generally, fertilization is not keeping pace with nutrient removal, which decreases soil fertility. In response, growers increase fertilizer rates, potentially causing negative impacts for micronutrients due to phosphorus and vice-versa.

In other situations, excessive applications of manure or other nutrient-rich inputs cause nutrient pollution and, again, potential interactions between nutrients. How prevalent are these problems? What is the cause of phosphorus–micronutrient interaction? What is the impact on plant growth and the environment? What are the solutions?

This Special Issue focuses on “Phosphorus and Micronutrient Interactions in Soil”. We welcome novel research or reviews on related topics, including soil physical chemistry or biology, genetics, physiology, management, modeling, and case studies.

Prof. Bryan Hopkins
Guest Editor

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Keywords

phosphorus
P
manganese
copper
iron
micronutrient
interaction
induced deficiency
precipitation

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 1049 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Zinc Uptake by Plants as Affected by Fertilization with Zn Sulfate, Phosphorus Availability, and Soil Properties

by Ramiro Recena, Ana M. García-López and Antonio Delgado

Agronomy 2021, 11(2), 390; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11020390 - 22 Feb 2021

Cited by 36 | Viewed by 3656

Abstract

Zinc (Zn) deficiency constrains crop yield and quality, but soil factors influencing Zn availability to plants and reactions of applied Zn fertilizer are not fully understood. This work is aimed at studying Zn availability in soil and the use efficiency of Zn fertilizers by plants as affected by soil properties and particularly by soil available P. We performed a pot experiment involving four consecutive crops fertilized with Zn sulfate using 36 soils. The cumulative Zn uptake and dry matter yield in the four crops increased with increased initial diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid extraction of Zn (DTPA-Zn) (R² = 0.75 and R² = 0.61; p < 0.001). The initial DTPA-Zn increased with increased Olsen P (R² = 0.41; p < 0.001) and with increased ratio of Fe in poorly crystalline to Fe in crystalline oxides (R² = 0.58; p < 0.001). DTPA-Zn decreased with increased cumulative Zn uptake, but not in soils with DTPA-Zn < 0.5 mg kg⁻¹. Overall, the available Zn is more relevant in explaining Zn uptake by plants than applied Zn sulfate. However, in Zn-deficient soils, Zn fertilizer explained most of the Zn uptake by crops. Poorly crystalline Fe oxides and P availability exerted a positive role on Zn availability to plants in soil. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phosphorus and Micronutrient Interactions in Soils)

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13 pages, 1287 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Phosphorus Application Decreased Copper Concentration but Not Iron in Maize Grain

by Wei Zhang, Chunqin Zou, Xiuxiu Chen, Yumin Liu, Dunyi Liu, Huaiyu Yang, Yan Deng and Xinping Chen

Agronomy 2020, 10(11), 1716; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10111716 - 05 Nov 2020

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2215

Abstract

Copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) are essential micronutrients for plants and animals. How phosphorus (P) application affects Cu and Fe concentrations in maize grain still remains unclear. Two-year field studies were conducted in a long-term experiment with six P levels (0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 kg∙ha⁻¹ P) on calcareous soil. Phosphorus application significantly decreased the average grain Cu concentration by 12.6% compared to no P treatment, but had no effect on grain Fe concentration. The copper content increased as the P application rate increased from 0 to 25 or 50 kg·ha⁻¹, but then decreased, while Fe content kept increasing. As the P application rate increased, the specific Cu uptake by the roots decreased, but not for Fe. The root length density in response to P application had a positive relationship with shoot Cu and Fe content. The shoot Cu content and grain Cu concentration decreased with the reduction in the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) colonization of roots due to increasing P application. The reduction in grain Cu concentration with increasing P rates could be partly explained by the decreasing uptake efficiency. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phosphorus and Micronutrient Interactions in Soils)

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14 pages, 4278 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Phosphorus and Zinc Fertilization Influence Crop Growth Rates and Total Biomass of Coarse vs. Fine Types Rice Cultivars

by Amanullah, Inamullah, Jawaher Alkahtani, Mohamed Soliman Elshikh, Mona S. Alwahibi, Asim Muhammad, Manzoor Ahmad and Shah Khalid

Agronomy 2020, 10(9), 1356; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091356 - 09 Sep 2020

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2131

Abstract

Under the rice–wheat cropping system (RWS), the continuous cropping of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) deplete soil fertility, and reduce crop growth and total rice biomass. In RWS, both phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) deficiencies are considered important nutritional constraints for reducing rice crop growth rates (CGR) and total biomass/biological yield (BY). The objective of this experiment was to investigate the impact of phosphorus (0, 40, 80, 120 kg P ha⁻¹) and zinc rates (0, 5, 10, 15 kg Zn ha⁻¹) on CGR and BY of three rice genotypes [fine (Bamati-385) versus coarse (Fakhre-e-Malakand and Pukhraj)] in Northwestern Pakistan during summer 2011 (Y1) and 2012 (Y2). The results revealed that higher CGR at various growth stages and total BY was obtained with the integrated use of higher phosphorus (80 and 120 kg P ha⁻¹) and zinc rates (10 and 15 kg Zn ha⁻¹). The lower CGR and BY were recorded when P and Zn were not applied (control) or when P and Zn were applied alone. In the case of rice genotypes, the highest CGR and BY were recorded for the hybrid rice (Pukhraj) than the other two genotypes. The CGR was increased to the highest level at the heading stage as compared to tillering and physiological maturity. The increase in CGR had a positive impact on the total BY of rice cultivars. The increase in BY had a positive relationship with grain yield and grower’s income. It was concluded from the study that the combined application of higher P and Zn rates to the coarse rice genotypes (Fakhre-e-Malakand and Pukhraj) could increase CGR, total BY, crop productivity and profitability. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phosphorus and Micronutrient Interactions in Soils)

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14 pages, 2916 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Phosphorus and Zinc Fertilization Improve Zinc Biofortification in Grains and Straw of Coarse vs. Fine Rice Genotypes

by Amanullah, Inamullah, Mona S. Alwahibi, Mohamed Soliman Elshikh, Jawaher Alkahtani, Asim Muhammad, Shah Khalid, Imran, Manzoor Ahmad, Nangial Khan, Saif Ullah and Izhar Ali

Agronomy 2020, 10(8), 1155; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10081155 - 07 Aug 2020

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4560

Abstract

Continuous cropping of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) deplete soil fertility and reduce crop productivity as well as zinc (Zn) concentrations in rice grains and straw. Low Zn concentrations in rice grains have a negative impact on human health, while low Zn concertation in rice straw creates a nutritional problem for animals. The current high yielding rice varieties and hybrids remove large quantities of Zn from the soils, lowering the residual concentrations of soil Zn for the subsequent crop (e.g., wheat). Field experiments were conducted on farmers field in Malakand with the objective to evaluate the impact of various combinations of phosphorus (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha⁻¹) and Zn levels (0, 5, 10, and 15 kg ha⁻¹) on biofortification of Zn in grains and straw of rice genotypes [fine (Bamati-385) vs. coarse (Fakhre-e-Malakand and Pukhraj)]. The results revealed that Zn biofortification in rice genotypes increased with the integrated use of both nutrients (P + Zn) when applied at higher rates (80 and 120 kg P ha⁻¹, and 10 and 15 kg Zn ha⁻¹, respectively). The biofortification of Zn in both grains and straw was higher in the coarse than fine rice genotypes (Pukhraj > Fakhre-e-Malakand > Basmati-385). It was concluded from this study that the application of higher P and Zn levels increased Zn contents in rice parts (grains and straw) under the rice-wheat system. We also concluded from this study that Zn concentrations in rice grains and straw are influenced by plant genetic factors and Zn management practices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Phosphorus and Micronutrient Interactions in Soils)

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