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Agronomy
Special Issues
Adaptation and Mitigation of Environmental Stress on Crops
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Adaptation and Mitigation of Environmental Stress on Crops

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Plant-Crop Biology and Biochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 February 2023) | Viewed by 10515

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Leilei Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Department of Agronomy, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
Interests: crop simulation model; climate change

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With global warming, the intensity, frequency, and duration of extreme climate events are also increasing, which have exacerbated the instability of crop production systems and reduced the grain yield and quality. To offset or mitigate the environmental stress on crop production, adaptation strategies such as changing sowing date, optimizing fertilization scheme, and breeding new cultivar are necessary. Based on the above, this Special Issue invites research combining crop cultivation or breeding with crop growth simulation models to design strategies to adapt or mitigate environmental stress.

Prof. Dr. Leilei Liu
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Agronomy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • environmental stress
  • adaptation strategy
  • mitigation strategy
  • crop growth and production
  • crop growth simulation model

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 3421 KiB  
Article
Morphological and Transcriptome Analysis of Flooding Mitigation of the Damage Induced by Low-Temperature Stress on Direct-Seeded Early Indica Rice at the Seedling Stage
by Wenxia Wang, Jie Du, Ziming Wu, Yongjun Zeng, Xiaohua Pan, Shanmei Cheng and Yanhua Zeng
Agronomy 2023, 13(3), 834; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13030834 - 13 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1164
Abstract
Low temperature (LT) chilling damage often occurs at the seedling stage of rice growth, especially direct-seeded early indica rice, and flooding can alleviate the damage caused by LT chilling at the rice seedling stage. However, few studies have elucidated the molecular mechanism by [...] Read more.
Low temperature (LT) chilling damage often occurs at the seedling stage of rice growth, especially direct-seeded early indica rice, and flooding can alleviate the damage caused by LT chilling at the rice seedling stage. However, few studies have elucidated the molecular mechanism by which suitable flooding alleviates LT stress-induced damage. Therefore, LT, LT plus flooding (LTF) and control (CK) treatments were established at 8 °C for 3 days to determine the phenotype, agronomic traits and transcriptomic of direct-seeded early indica rice at the seedling stage. The results showed that compared with LTF, the seedling height, root number, fresh weight, dry weight and T3 (the 3rd leaf from the top) leaf length significantly decreased after LT treatment; LTF could reduce the damage of LT to the agronomic characters of rice seedlings. The physiological characteristics showed that compared with LT, LTF significantly decreased soluble protein content and CAT activity. Transcriptomic profiling showed that 5934 DEGs were identified from the rice leaves between the LT and CK comparison groups; 7658 DEGs were identified between the LTF and CK; and 2697 DEGs were identified between the LT and LTF treatment. In biological process, the ‘metabolic process’ was the most enriched subcategory. In cellular components, the three most enriched subcategories were ‘cell’, ‘cell part’ and ‘organelle’. ‘Binding’ was the most enriched subcategory in molecular function. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly enriched in photosynthesis, carotenoid biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, glycolysis gluconeogenesis, glycine, serine and threonine metabolism and plant hormone signal transduction pathways. Photosynthesis, energy metabolism and signal transduction pathway play important roles in flooding mitigation of LT stress. The results of this study may help to elucidate changes in physiological characteristics and gene expression through which flooding mitigates LT stress. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adaptation and Mitigation of Environmental Stress on Crops)
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13 pages, 2544 KiB  
Article
Biochar Mitigates Combined Effects of Soil Salinity and Saltwater Intrusion on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) by Regulating Ion Uptake
by Napasawan Sudratt and Bualuang Faiyue
Agronomy 2023, 13(3), 815; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13030815 - 10 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1955
Abstract
Salinity intrusion is a significant threat to crop productivity and food security worldwide. The aims of the current study were to evaluate the effects of rice husk biochar amendment on the growth and yield of rice grown in saline soil with saltwater intrusion [...] Read more.
Salinity intrusion is a significant threat to crop productivity and food security worldwide. The aims of the current study were to evaluate the effects of rice husk biochar amendment on the growth and yield of rice grown in saline soil with saltwater intrusion at the seedling stage and to investigate the mechanism by which biochar mitigates the harmful effects of salinity intrusion on rice. Phitsanulok 2 rice was grown in pots containing saline soil amended with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% (w/w) rice husk biochar. Pots were put in a pond and 6 dS/m of NaCl was applied for 28 days. The results showed that biochar application significantly increased the survival, shoot height, shoot dry weight, yield, and yield components of rice. Biochar addition significantly decreased shoot Na+ contents and increased the shoot K+/Na+ ratio. By using a Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer and a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer, it was found that the negative surface charge of rice husk biochar was due to carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, and Na+ was detected on the surface of the biochar. We concluded that rice husk biochar amendment at a rate of 30% (w/w) could mitigate the negative effects of salt stress by absorbing Na+ in the saline soil, reducing Na+ uptake to the shoot, and increasing the shoot K+/Na+ ratio. Therefore, rice husk biochar amendment is a potential strategy for enhancing rice productivity in salt-affected soils with saltwater intrusion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adaptation and Mitigation of Environmental Stress on Crops)
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19 pages, 13047 KiB  
Article
Superior Antioxidant Capacity and Auxin Production Promote Seedling Formation of Rice Seeds under Submergence Stress
by Haoyu Lu, Mei Wang, Wenxiu Li, Zelin Chen, Sifu Li, Zhenxie Yi and Yuzhu Zhang
Agronomy 2023, 13(1), 171; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010171 - 05 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1132
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most significant food crops worldwide. Flooding can significantly impact the survival and emergence of rice seedlings in the direct planting form of rice, leading to a loss of production. This work investigated the critical [...] Read more.
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most significant food crops worldwide. Flooding can significantly impact the survival and emergence of rice seedlings in the direct planting form of rice, leading to a loss of production. This work investigated the critical phase of rice seed germination to the seedling establishment under submergence stress. It also explored the underlying physiological and molecular processes of shoot and root submergence tolerance. Physiological and transcriptomic analysis of flood-tolerant varieties (LS273) and non-flood-tolerant varieties (ZZ39) were performed. Under submergence stress, LS273 showed longer roots, taller shoots than ZZ39, and lower levels of malondialdehyde and GSSG, but a greater level of GSH/GSSG. In response to stress induced by submersion, LS273 produces more auxin than ZZ39. Within shoots, 4285 DEGs specific to LS273 and 4389 DEGs specifics to ZZ39 were found using the RNA-seq technique. There were 3983 specific DEGs in LS273 and 3292 specific DEGs in ZZ39 in the roots. Antioxidants and plant growth hormones were primarily mentioned in the annotations for these DEGs. Overall, our research provides a thorough foundation for investigating the molecular network underlying shoots’ and roots’ resistance to submergence stress in rice seedlings, leading us to hypothesize that the resistance of flood-tolerant rice may be attributed to high levels of oxidation resistance and auxin accumulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adaptation and Mitigation of Environmental Stress on Crops)
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18 pages, 4840 KiB  
Article
Individual and Combined Effects of High-Temperature Stress at Booting and Flowering Stages on Rice Grain Yield
by Aqib Mahmood, Iftikhar Ali, Wei Wang, Syed Tahir Ata-Ul-Karim, Bing Liu, Leilei Liu, Yan Zhu, Weixing Cao and Liang Tang
Agronomy 2022, 12(12), 3092; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12123092 - 06 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1324
Abstract
Extreme temperature events as a consequence of global climate change result in a significant decline in rice yield. A two year phytotron experiment was conducted using three temperature levels and two heating durations to compare the effects of heat stress at booting (BT), [...] Read more.
Extreme temperature events as a consequence of global climate change result in a significant decline in rice yield. A two year phytotron experiment was conducted using three temperature levels and two heating durations to compare the effects of heat stress at booting (BT), flowering (FL), and combined (BT + FL) stages on rice yield and yield components. Compared with T1 (Tmean of 27 °C), heat stress at BT + FL and BT stages produced more regenerated tillers and compensated more for yield loss than heat stress at FL. Heat stress at BT + FL stages alleviated spikelet sterility and yield loss of original tillers compared to heat stress at FL. The greater variation of yield per plant (YPP) under heat stress at flowering as compared to BT and BT + FL stages was accompanied by a higher decrease in spikelet fertility, while, at BT and BT + FL stages, spikelet number per plant and 1000-grain weight also contributed well to variation in yield. Furthermore, heat stress during BT and BT + FL stages caused a significant decline in spikelet fertility of the upper part of panicles, followed by middle and lower parts, while heat stress at the FL stage responded inversely. For every 1 °C day increase in heat degree days at BT, FL, and BT + FL stages, YPPO (only original tillers) declined by 2.9%, 2.5%, and 6.0%, and YPPT (including original + regenerated tillers) decreased by 5.8%, 2.7%, and 2.2%, respectively. The projected alleviation effects under BT + FL stages of heat stress in contrast to single-stage heat stress would help to accurately estimate rice yield under extreme temperature events, as well as to develop a heat-tolerant rice cultivar. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adaptation and Mitigation of Environmental Stress on Crops)
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18 pages, 1547 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Physiological Status in Response to Water Deficit of Spelt (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) Cultivars in Reference to Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare)
by Dominika Radzikowska, Hanna Sulewska, Hanna Bandurska, Karolina Ratajczak, Grażyna Szymańska, Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski and Romana Głowicka-Wołoszyn
Agronomy 2022, 12(8), 1822; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12081822 - 31 Jul 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1770
Abstract
Climate change, including decreasing rainfall, makes cultivating cereals more difficult. Drought stress reduces plant growth and most all yields. On the other hand, consumers’ interest in ancient wheat varieties, including spelt, is growing. The aim of this work is to compare the response [...] Read more.
Climate change, including decreasing rainfall, makes cultivating cereals more difficult. Drought stress reduces plant growth and most all yields. On the other hand, consumers’ interest in ancient wheat varieties, including spelt, is growing. The aim of this work is to compare the response to drought stress between spelt (Triticum aestivum ssp. spelta) and common wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare). Six cultivars of spelt from different European countries and common wheat ‘Bogatka’ as a reference were chosen for research. The photosynthesis process, chlorophyll fluorescence, relative water content, and the content of free proline and anthocyanins in well-watered and drought-stressed plants were measured. It was shown that the spelt cultivars ‘Franckenkorn’ and ‘Badengold’ were much more resistant to water deficit than other cultivars and even common wheat. A slight reduction of CO2 assimilation (by 27%) and no reduction of transpiration rate, with simultaneous intensive proline (eighteen times fold increase) and anthocyanins accumulation (increase by 222%) along with a slight increase in lipid peroxidation level (1.9%) revealed in ‘Franckenkorn’ prove that this cultivar can cope with drought and can be effectively cultivated in areas with limited water abundance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adaptation and Mitigation of Environmental Stress on Crops)
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14 pages, 2372 KiB  
Article
Is High pH the Key Factor of Alkali Stress on Plant Growth and Physiology? A Case Study with Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Seedlings
by Duo Liu, Yue Ma, Mengmeng Rui, Xiachen Lv, Rongjia Chen, Xiaoyan Chen and Yizhou Wang
Agronomy 2022, 12(8), 1820; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12081820 - 31 Jul 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2307
Abstract
Salinity and alkalinity stress are two major constraints on plant growth and crop production, limiting sustainable agricultural production. Wheat is a vital cereal crop. It is very important to ensure food security; however, its growth and yield are usually adversely affected by salinity [...] Read more.
Salinity and alkalinity stress are two major constraints on plant growth and crop production, limiting sustainable agricultural production. Wheat is a vital cereal crop. It is very important to ensure food security; however, its growth and yield are usually adversely affected by salinity and alkalinity stress. To investigate the differential effects of neutral and alkaline salt stress on the seedling growth of wheat, we set wheat hydroponic culture experiment: CK, neutral salt (NaCl:Na2SO4 = 9:1 pH = 6.5), neutral salt with high pH value (NaCl:Na2SO4 = 9:1 pH = 8.9), alkaline salt (NaHCO3:Na2CO3 = 9:1 pH = 8.9), all treatments at the same Na+ concentration. The results indicated alkaline salt inhibited seedling growth more than neutral salt and neutral salt with high pH value. The results showed that the salt and alkali stresses decreased chlorophyll contents in leaves of wheat seedlings, inhibited photosynthesis and induced osmotic stress, oxidative stress and ion toxicity to wheat seedlings and finally inhibited the growth of wheat seedlings, while the alkaline salt caused a stronger injurious effect on wheat seedlings than the neutral salt, neutral salt with high pH value. Our study results demonstrated that alkaline salt inhibited wheat seedlings more significantly than neutral salt and neutral salt with high pH value. And, the main factor affected seedling growth is not pH alone. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Adaptation and Mitigation of Environmental Stress on Crops)
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