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Agronomy
Special Issues
Research on Fungal and Oomycete Crop Diseases
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Research on Fungal and Oomycete Crop Diseases

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Pest and Disease Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 March 2023) | Viewed by 7929

Special Issue Editors

Dr. María del Carmen Rodríguez Molina

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX), Centro de Agricultura Ecológica y de Montaña (CAEM), Plasencia, Spain
Interests: fungal and oomycete plant pathology; crop protection; plant disease management; integrated disease management; biodisinfectation
Dr. María del Mar Guerrero Díaz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Instituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA), Murcia, Spain
Interests: soil-borne plant pathogens; crop protection; biosolarization; horticulture; agricultural plant science; agronomy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Fungi and oomycetes are widely distributed plant pathogens in agricultural systems, causing the most common and some of the most serious crop diseases. These pathogens are highly adaptable to changes in host and environmental conditions.

The movement of pathogens into new geographical areas with trade in plants and other commodities facilitates the emergence of new diseases. The re-emergence of diseases that were considered under control is often associated with climate change. Concerns about food safety, human health and environmental risks have led to the banning of previously commonly used chemical pesticides. In addition, changes in agronomic practices may lead to alterations in crop pathosystems.

In this context, and despite progress in plant pathology, disease management remains a challenge that needs to be addressed in a multidisciplinary way, progressing in knowledge and incorporating new technologies.

The aim of this Special Issue is to bring together advances in research related to any aspect of fungal and oomycete crop diseases, such as diagnosis and early detection, plant–pathogen interactions, epidemiology, population genetics, biological control and microbial interactions, non-chemical control measures, and integrated disease management.

Dr. María del Carmen Rodríguez Molina
Dr. María del Mar Guerrero Díaz
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Agronomy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fungal crop diseases
  • oomycete crop diseases
  • diagnosis and early detection
  • population genetics
  • plant-pathogen interactions
  • epidemiology
  • biological control
  • non-chemical control measures
  • integrated disease management

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 3882 KiB  
Article
Chemical and Biological Control of Wet Bubble Disease (Hypomyces perniciosus) in Mushroom Crops
by María Jesús Navarro, Mila Santos, Fernando Diánez and Francisco José Gea
Agronomy 2023, 13(7), 1672; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071672 - 21 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1421
Abstract
Wet bubble disease (WBD) is globally becoming a major problem in mushroom crops. The effectiveness of the application of different chemical (chlorothalonil, metrafenone and prochloraz-Mn) and Bacillus (B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens strains) -based products for the control of WBD in artificially [...] Read more.
Wet bubble disease (WBD) is globally becoming a major problem in mushroom crops. The effectiveness of the application of different chemical (chlorothalonil, metrafenone and prochloraz-Mn) and Bacillus (B. subtilis and B. amyloliquefaciens strains) -based products for the control of WBD in artificially inoculated mushroom crops was studied. Six trials were carried out, with three different inoculum rates. The effect of fungicides on mushroom productivity and disease incidence was assessed. The effectiveness of the treatments is statistically related to the harshness of the disease. The greatest reductions in disease incidence were achieved after treatments with chemical fungicides, notably prochloraz-Mn. When the outbreak was strong, the low calculated incidence reduction values for metrafenone treatments advised against their application. The results also indicated the low effect of both bio-fungicides, at the doses and timing evaluated, for the control of this mushroom disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Fungal and Oomycete Crop Diseases)
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11 pages, 611 KiB  
Article
Influence of Season and Organic Amendment on the Effectiveness of Different Biosolarization Treatments against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae
by María del Mar Guerrero, Carmen Mª Lacasa, Victoriano Martínez, Antonio Monserrat, José Antonio López-Pérez, Raúl Ortega, José Carlos Nieto, Isabel Miralles and Santiago Larregla
Agronomy 2023, 13(6), 1498; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13061498 - 30 May 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1394
Abstract
One strategy presented as an alternative to avoid using chemical substances in soil disinfestation consists in the technique of biosolarization. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of seasonality on the effectiveness of biosolarization with different organic amendments for [...] Read more.
One strategy presented as an alternative to avoid using chemical substances in soil disinfestation consists in the technique of biosolarization. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of seasonality on the effectiveness of biosolarization with different organic amendments for the control of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae (FOLAC) on lettuce plants, and to compare the results obtained using a classical soil infectivity bioassay and a qPCR-based molecular technique. None of the plants subjected to biosolarization in the summer season (469–700 and 0–463 h with temperature > 42 °C at 15 and 30 cm soil depth, respectively) showed damage by the pathogen except the untreated control. Conversely, in autumn (3–5 and 0–0 h at temperature = 38–40 °C at 15 and 30 cm soil depth, respectively), only two biosolarization treatments (wheat + semi-composted manure, sunflower pellets) that reduced FOLAC inoculum in soil and plants did not show any disease at the lowest depth (15 cm) in the soil infectivity bioassay. This same result was only obtained at 30 cm soil depth in the biosolarization treatment with sunflower pellets. The number of FOLAC sequences per gram of soil determined with qPCR was null in the biosolarization treatments in summer at both soil depths and corresponded to the absence of disease in the soil infectivity bioassay. A threshold of 145 sequences per gram of soil determined by the qPCR-based molecular technique corresponded to the presence of 10% of diseased lettuce plants infected by FOLAC. Therefore, this molecular technique has been shown to be useful for establishing the soil inoculum thresholds required for crop infection by pathogens, while reducing the time and execution tasks necessary to perform soil infectivity bioassays. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Fungal and Oomycete Crop Diseases)
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18 pages, 2087 KiB  
Article
Deciphering Chitosan–Host Plant Interaction in Esca Disease
by Laura Martín, Agustín Millán, Francisco Javier Castaño and Florence Fontaine
Agronomy 2023, 13(5), 1290; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13051290 - 30 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1454
Abstract
The production of wine and table grapes is hampered by Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, a fungus related to Petri diseases and Esca, two of the major grapevine trunk diseases causing the death of vines all over the world. This study analyses the effect of a [...] Read more.
The production of wine and table grapes is hampered by Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, a fungus related to Petri diseases and Esca, two of the major grapevine trunk diseases causing the death of vines all over the world. This study analyses the effect of a commercial-based substance (chitosan hydrochloride 2.5%) on grapevine–P. chlamydospore interaction. Two experimental scenarios were evaluated: (i) root application in a greenhouse-plant model system and (ii) foliar application in an open-field environment (Tempranillo grape cultivar). Vascular necrosis and pathogen recovery were reduced after chitosan application. The treatment increased root development and the flavonoid index. On open-field application, the treatment did not significantly help decrease the expression of the foliar symptoms of Esca. In symptomatic leaves, the results revealed a lower overexpression of defence-related genes (Chit 1b, CHV5, STS and PR6) in plants treated with chitosan than in nontreated vines. Altogether, this study attempts to provide a first insight into the potential role of chitosan hydrochloride in the treatment of P. chlamydospora and the interaction on the control of the Esca–pathosystem complex. Differences were found between the root and foliar spraying modes of action. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Fungal and Oomycete Crop Diseases)
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16 pages, 1792 KiB  
Article
Defeated Stacked Resistance Genes Induce a Delay in Disease Manifestation in the Pathosystem Solanum tuberosum—Phytophthora infestans
by Abdelmoumen Taoutaou, Ioana Virginia Berindean, Miloud Khalil Chemmam, Lyes Beninal, Soumeya Rida, Lakhdar Khelifi, Zouaoui Bouznad, Ionut Racz, Andreea Ona and Leon Muntean
Agronomy 2023, 13(5), 1255; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13051255 - 28 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1565
Abstract
Cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important crops worldwide. Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary is the oomycete pathogen responsible for the famous Irish famine (1840s). It is still the most important pathogen affecting potato crops, causing the late [...] Read more.
Cultivated potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the most important crops worldwide. Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary is the oomycete pathogen responsible for the famous Irish famine (1840s). It is still the most important pathogen affecting potato crops, causing the late blight disease on potato and tomato. It is mainly controlled by fungicides. Breeding for disease resistance is the best alternative to chemical control of the disease. One of the strategies used is to stack many resistance genes in the same genotype. Here, we wanted to test the effect of the stacked resistance gene (R) from S. demissum on the infection process by the virulent race EU_13_A2. Four potato genotypes were tested, each one harboring, respectively, one, two, three or four R genes. All the tested genotypes were sensitive. However, the sensitivity degree was negatively correlated with the number of genes harbored by each genotype. There was a delay of two days of symptoms manifestation for the genotype with 4Rs, and the pathogen produced less spores on the detached leaf test. In addition, the amount of phenolic compounds produced is higher in the genotypes with multiple R genes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Fungal and Oomycete Crop Diseases)
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13 pages, 2904 KiB  
Article
Various Population Structures of Cryphonectria parasitica in Cáceres (Spain) Determine the Feasibility of the Biological Control of Chestnut Blight with Hypovirulent Strains
by María del Carmen Rodríguez-Molina, María Blanca García-García, María Dolores Osuna, Eugénia Gouveia and Paula Serrano-Pérez
Agronomy 2023, 13(5), 1208; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13051208 - 25 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1605
Abstract
Chestnut blight, caused by Cryphonectria parasitica, is a severe disease that may be biologically controlled by the use of hypovirulent strains, but the diversity of the pathogen population affects biocontrol feasibility. Villuercas–Ibores–Jara, the Jerte Valley and La Vera are the main chestnut [...] Read more.
Chestnut blight, caused by Cryphonectria parasitica, is a severe disease that may be biologically controlled by the use of hypovirulent strains, but the diversity of the pathogen population affects biocontrol feasibility. Villuercas–Ibores–Jara, the Jerte Valley and La Vera are the main chestnut production districts in Cáceres (central-western Spain). The purpose of this study is to determine the Vegetative Compatibility Groups (VCGs) and mating types in these districts and to identify hypovirulent isolates to be used in biological control. The VCGs were determined by the merging/barrage response; PCR tests were used for the mating type determination and CHV-1 hypovirus detection. In total, 40 sites were surveyed and 269 isolates were obtained, most of them (227) from the Villuercas–Ibores–Jara district, where EU11 was the predominant VCG (88.1%) with EU1 (6.6%) and EU12 (4.4%) being also present. In the Jerte Valley and La Vera, EU1 (61.9%), EU11 (11.9%) and EU12 (11.9%) were the predominant VCGs. Both mating types were detected (48% MAT-1; 50% MAT-2) and in general, only one mating type was found in each site. The presence of Cryphonectria hypovirus 1 (CHV-1), subtype I, was identified in only one isolate (VCG EU11) from Villuercas–Ibores–Jara. The characteristics of the C. parasitica population in this district and the occurrence of CHV-1 hypovirus support the potential of successful biological control in Villuercas–Ibores–Jara using hypovirulent strains, while in the Jerte Valley and La Vera only preventive measures are recommended. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Research on Fungal and Oomycete Crop Diseases)
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