Background and Clinical Significance: Clear aligner therapy has become a widely used orthodontic treatment, particularly among adults seeking esthetic and comfortable alternatives to fixed appliances. Achieving a stable and functional occlusion remai...
Background and Clinical Significance: Radiocarpal fracture dislocations (RCFDs) are rare injuries of the wrist, while open RCFDs represent a small subgroup of these injuries. Limited data exists regarding the optimal method for their management. Our...
Background and Clinical Significance: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a highly aggressive malignancy that may arise through dedifferentiation from pre-existing differentiated thyroid carcinomas. The tall cell subtype of papillary thyroid carcin...
Background and clinical significance: The current report examines an unusual case of extranodal marginal zone lymphoma (EMZL) affecting only the extraocular muscles. The diagnostic challenges connected to such atypical manifestations are highlighted....
Background/Objectives: Vitamin D has an essential role in immune modulation and inflammatory control, particularly in respiratory infections. Despite widespread supplementation policies, hypovitaminosis D remains common in children and data linking v...
Background and Clinical Significance: Pediatric autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is a rare and frequently underdiagnosed disorder characterized by chronic immune-mediated inflammation and atrophy of the gastric mucosa. In children, AIG typically presents w...
Background and Clinical Significance: Optic neuritis, an inflammatory demyelinating condition affecting the optic nerve, can present as an isolated phenomenon or as a harbinger of an underlying systemic disorder. While often associated with multiple...
Background and Clinical Significance: Sister Mary Joseph nodules (SMJN) are rare extra-intestinal manifestations of metastatic intra-abdominal and pelvic malignancies, often indicating advanced disease and poor prognosis. Their association with chola...
Background and Clinical Significance: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms, which significantly impact patients’ autonomy and quality of life levels. Basically, the PD dia...
Zirconia is widely used in full-arch restorations due to its strength and aesthetics, but failures can still affect its performance in clinical practice. In this report, a full-arch tooth-supported zirconia bridge fractured prematurely (eleven months...
Background and Clinical Significance: Left ventricular thrombus formation after acute coronary syndrome represents a severe complication. Comprehensive echocardiographic assessment of the entire ventricle is essential, as regional wall motion abnorma...
Background and Clinical Significance: SLIPPERS syndrome (Supratentorial Lymphocytic Inflammation with Parenchymal Perivascular Enhancement Responsive to Steroids) was first described in 2015 as a variant of CLIPPERS restricted to supratentorial regio...
Background and Clinical Significance: Treating severe skeletal Class III malocclusions in adults who refuse orthognathic surgery remains challenging. Orthodontic camouflage offers a non-surgical option to improve occlusion and esthetics. Case Present...
Background and Clinical Significance: MSMO1, encoding a key enzyme in the cholesterol synthesis pathway, is associated with an autosomal recessive condition characterized by microcephaly, ocular abnormalities, growth delay, psoriasiform dermatitis, i...
Background and Clinical Significance: Scurvy, caused by chronic vitamin C deficiency, is re-emerging in Western countries, particularly among pediatric patients with highly selective diets. While its musculoskeletal and mucocutaneous manifestations a...
Background and Clinical Significance Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare and aggressive neuroendocrine skin malignancy. Early diagnosis is essential to optimize therapeutic strategies and improve prognosis. However, the role of high-frequency ultra...
The authors wish to make the below corrections to this paper [...]
Background and Clinical Significance: Metastatic carcinoma of the lacrimal sac originating from primary nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a rare entity, usually presenting with chronic, unilateral epiphora. Case Presentation: A 55-year-old male patie...
Background and Clinical Significance: Absorbable haemostatic agents such as Surgicel® Fibrillar are useful adjuncts to control post-surgical bleeding in cardiac surgery. The material is purposefully left in situ and it slowly degrades over time....
Background and Clinical Significance: Radiation-induced lumbosacral plexopathy (RILP) is a rare but potentially debilitating complication of radiotherapy, typically affecting patients treated for pelvic malignancies. We report the first documented ca...
Background and Clinical Significance: Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) frequently involves bone marrow, gastrointestinal tract, and hepatosplenomegaly, whereas pleural effusions are uncommon. Cases requiring invasive mechanical ventilation and thoracic dra...
Background and clinical significance: Wiedemann–Steiner syndrome (WSS) is a rare autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorder caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in the KMT2A gene, which encodes a histone lysine methyltransferase essen...
Background and Clinical Significance: Oral ulcers are a common disease for dental practitioners. The policy of treating oral ulcers includes removing etiology and medication. Standard management of oral ulcers includes elimination of etiologic factor...
Background and Clinical Significance: Fibrolipoma is an uncommon histological variant of lipoma characterized by mature adipose tissue with a significant fibrous component. Intraoral lipomas are rare (only about 1–4% of all lipomas) and lipomas...
Background and Clinical Significance: Acute aortic dissection is the most common and most severe manifestation of acute aortic syndrome. An isolated dissecting aneurysm of the abdominal aorta is defined as a dissecting aneurysm distal to the diaphrag...
Background and Clinical Significance: The Ozaki procedure offers excellent hemodynamics and mid-term durability, but infective endocarditis (IE), although rare, remains its most serious complication and frequently requires complex redo surgery. Sutur...
Background and Clinical Significance: Chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CNO) is a rare autoinflammatory bone disorder that primarily affects children and adolescents, with females more frequently impacted. The condition remains poorly understood,...
Background and Clinical Significance: Classic infantile-onset Pompe disease (IOPD) is the most severe form of Pompe disease, manifesting within the first months of life with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and severe hypotonia. Avalglucosidase alfa is a...
Background and Clinical Significance: Macular holes are rare in pediatric patients and most often result from blunt trauma, commonly from soccer-related injuries. These cases present unique challenges due to delayed presentation, tightly adherent hya...
Background: Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL), a severe systemic parasitic disease caused by Leishmania species, can be complicated by secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). HLH is a life-threatening hyperinflammatory syndrome characterized by...
Background and Clinical Significance: Breast cancer is the most frequent malignancy in women. Metastatic breast cancer is considered a treatable but incurable condition, with a median overall survival of only 2–3 years. Among its subtypes, trip...
Background and Clinical Significance: Overlap of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state (HHS) in children is a rare but life-threatening metabolic emergency. The coexistence of hyperosmolality and ketoacidosis increases neur...
Background and Clinical Significance: Annular pancreas is a rare congenital anomaly in which pancreatic tissue partially or completely encircles the duodenum, potentially causing duodenal obstruction. Clinical presentation varies from asymptomatic ca...
Background and Clinical Significance: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is an ANCA-associated vasculitis that often affects the respiratory tract and kidneys, while ocular involvement is less common and may delay diagnosis. Bilateral dacryoadeni...
Background and Clinical Significance: Tramadol-associated acute angle-closure crisis is rare and has been reported only once previously following subcutaneous administration. Acute angle closure may occur in anatomically predisposed individuals in th...
Background and Clinical Significance: Breast hemangioma is an extremely rare benign vascular tumor of the breast. Its imaging findings are nonspecific, and differentiation from malignant tumors such as encapsulated papillary carcinoma, mucinous carci...
Background, Clinical Significance: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common, however the occurrence of concurrent gastrocnemius muscle tears is exceptionally rare. Given this, the diagnosis and management of this pattern of injury is poor...
Background and Clinical significance: Cowden syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by germline loss-of-function mutations in the PTEN tumor suppressor gene. It is characterized by multiple hamartomas and an increased lifetime risk of mali...
Background and Clinical Significance: Superior mesenteric artery syndrome (SMAS) is a rare and often underdiagnosed cause of proximal intestinal obstruction, resulting from compression of the third portion of the duodenum between the SMA and the aort...
Background and Clinical Significance: Furuncular myiasis is a tropical parasitic skin infestation caused by dipterous fly larvae, most commonly affecting travellers to endemic regions. While returning travellers typically present with one or few lesi...
Background and Clinical Significance: Histiocytosis encompasses Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and non-LCH, such as Erdheim–Chester disease (ECD). ECD or a mixed type of histiocytosis (LCH/ECD) may initially involve the central nervous sys...
Background and Clinical Significance: Paroxysmal extreme pain disorder (PEPD) is an extremely rare autosomal dominant sodium channelopathy caused by SCN9A gain-of-function variants. It is characterized by infantile-onset excruciating paroxysmal pain,...
Beyond their traditional role as short-lived antimicrobial cells, neutrophils are increasingly recognized as key regulators of adaptive immunity and tumor progression. This AI-assisted integrative review investigated the neutrophil–T-cell axis,...
Background and clinical significance: Idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis (IHPM) is a rare inflammatory disorder characterized by diffuse or focal dural thickening and heterogeneous presentations. We report a corticosteroid-responsive IHPM with e...
Background and Clinical Significance: Synchronous gastrointestinal tumors are exceptionally rare, particularly when combining histologically distinct benign and malignant components. Schwannomas represent uncommon mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointe...
Background and Clinical Significance: Kidney transplant recipients have a 2–4-fold higher cancer risk than the general population. The sequential occurrence of multiple myeloma (MM) and native-kidney renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is rare and creat...
Background and Clinical Significance: Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are a heterogeneous group of autoimmune disorders that may present as paraneoplastic syndromes. Although most frequently associated with solid-organ malignancies, hematological...
Background and Clinical Significance: Lymphoepithelial cysts are uncommon benign lesions of the head and neck, rarely encountered within the oral cavity and exceedingly infrequent in the palatine tonsils. Their nonspecific clinical presentation and a...
Background and Clinical Significance: Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy with a poor prognosis, where median survival typically ranges from 4 to 10 months. Advances in genetic profiling, particularly the identificatio...
Background and Clinical Significance: This case presents immediate implant placement combined with PRF (A-PRF+) and a photogrammetry-based workflow, illustrating predictable full-arch implant-supported rehabilitation. Case Presentation: Main clinical...
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