2026 June - 26 articles
Melancholia remains a severe and complex form of depression. One possible avenue to a better understanding of melancholia and potentially improved methods of treating it, is via examination of the profiles of brain electrical activity of patients suf...
Background: Creating antibiograms solely for adults may overestimate resistance of antimicrobials for certain pathogens in children. The Canadian Paediatric Society comments that areas with no cephalosporin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae cases sh...
The human spinal cord is increasingly recognized as an active and adaptable component of sensorimotor function, contributing to motor control, pain modulation, and recovery after neurological injury. Within this framework, the Hoffmann reflex (H-refl...
Background: Acute focal neurological deficits require rapid differentiation between ischemic stroke and stroke mimics to avoid treatment delays and inappropriate therapy. Seizures, including ictal deficits, status epilepticus, and post-ictal/Todd&rsq...
Background: The nationally advertised mass media campaign Act-FAST UK, delivered in multiple waves since its launch in 2009, has increased public awareness of stroke symptoms. However, many stroke patients still delay in calling for help and reach th...
Objective: Evaluate the test–retest reliability of quadriceps corticospinal excitability and intracortical excitability using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). Design: A test–retest observational cohort study. Methods: Twelve healt...
Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) secondary to viral brain infections (VBI) may have multiple seizure foci, making it not amenable to surgical resection but could respond to responsive neurostimulation (RNS). We aimed to evaluate characteristics of DRE p...
Objective: We aimed to determine whether sexual experience modulates the soleus H-reflex in male rats and to assess the specific contribution of vermis lobules 6a and 7 to cerebellar-dependent spinal plasticity. Methods: Thirty-six male Wistar rats w...
Background: Parkinson’s disease and dementia are major neurodegenerative disorders that substantially contribute to disability, dependency, and mortality worldwide. Although prior CDC WONDER studies have separately evaluated Parkinson’s d...
Introduction: Neurosurgery has evolved from an anatomy-driven analog discipline into a digitally augmented field supported by multimodal imaging, neuronavigation, intraoperative imaging, neurophysiological monitoring, robotics, augmented reality, and...
Fatigue monitoring and detection are crucial for improving efficiency and safety due to their influence on reducing cognitive and physical performance that may result in safety-related incidents. This paper proposes a filter bank-based approach that...
Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH) is a genetically heterogeneous malformation of cortical development with variable neurological outcomes. Among recessive forms, ARFGEF2-related disorder is uniquely characterised by the association of diffus...
Since 1999, sellar xanthogranulomas (XGs) have been recognized as a distinct pathological entity characterized by cholesterol clefts, macrophages, chronic inflammatory infiltrates with multinucleated giant cells, necrotic debris, and hemosiderin, sug...
Introduction: Delirium is associated with worse outcomes in critically ill patients. Factors that could reduce delirium are patients’ environment and maintaining circadian cycles, but whether certain room characteristics improve the incidence o...
Background: Peripheral neuropathy is a common and clinically heterogeneous neurological condition caused by metabolic, inflammatory, toxic, or traumatic factors and is associated with sensory deficits, neuropathic pain, motor impairment, and reduced...
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is found in 10.9% of patients with ischaemic stroke (IS). This cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the prevalence of PAD and its risk factors among acute IS patients in Singapore. Patients admitted for I...
Neurofilaments (NFs) are the predominant type IV intermediate filaments in differentiated neurons, functioning not just as static scaffolds, but as active drivers of radial axonal growth and nerve conduction velocity. While their physical properties...
Recent advances in neurodegenerative disease research increasingly support the existence of multiple trajectory signatures underlying the heterogeneity of cognitive decline syndromes. Originally proposed in Parkinson’s disease, the brain-first...
Background: Only a subset of cannabis users develop persistent psychosis, implying that genetic vulnerability modulates risk. HLA-DR/DQ variation is a strong non-dopaminergic risk locus for schizophrenia, but its role in cannabis-related psychosis is...
Early-life seizures lead to long-term behavioral deficits, stimulate cytokine release, and disrupt the intracellular PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. This study examined whether inhibiting the mTOR pathway, neuroinflammatory signaling, or both reduce...
Background: Posture–inhibitory control dual-tasking is critical for safe daily functioning. Although functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS), a non-invasive neuroimaging tool, is increasingly used to examine neural mechanisms of dual-task...
Background: Severe neurocognitive decline is often seen in elderly glioblastoma patients after treatment with radiation and chemotherapy. But the mechanism behind their deterioration is unclear. We describe one such patient with concomitant primary a...
Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) may improve cognition and promote underlying brain health through various mechanisms including the noradrenaline and cholinergic pathways. Whilst early human studies used invasive devices (iVNS), recent decades have seen...
Background: Conducting research in emergency departments and critical care units is crucial for improving patient management through evidence-based practices. Healthcare professionals and researchers in the field of traumatic brain injury (TBI) have...
This systematic review synthesized the existing evidence on neurofeedback interventions applied to football players, aiming to clarify their effects on cognitive, technical–tactical, physical and psychological performance. Following Preferred R...
In 1988, two seminal studies were published almost simultaneously in the same scientific journal. Both spurred the field of brain energy metabolism research in new directions, culminating in a long-lasting debate that appeared to split its practition...
