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Smart Cities, Volume 9, Issue 4

2026 April - 18 articles

Cover Story: Pooled ride-hailing has long been viewed as a remedy for rising urban congestion. Yet large-scale simulations reveal a counterintuitive system limit: the more stringently pooling is promoted, the lower vehicle occupancy becomes, as detour burdens increase wait times, discourage riders from sharing, and add to deadheading. Using Berkeley Lab’s BEAM agent-based simulator deployed in the nine counties of the San Francisco Bay Area, we show that optimizing any operational lever, whether pooling stringency, repositioning intensity, or fleet size, can, beyond certain inflection points, trigger offsetting feedbacks across the urban system, thereby driving up vehicle miles traveled. Overcoming these limits requires pairing ride-hailing with transit as a demand-responsive complement for first- and last-mile connections. View this paper
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Articles (18)

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,209 Views
28 Pages

An Intelligent Arterial Traffic Control Framework for Visible Light-Connected Vehicles

  • Gonçalo Galvão,
  • Manuela Vieira,
  • Manuel Augusto Vieira,
  • Mário Véstias and
  • Paula Louro

Inefficient urban traffic management remains a critical challenge, as conventional signal controllers—built on fixed timing plans—cannot cope with the dynamic nature of modern city traffic. This study addresses this limitation by developi...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Control and Planning for Urban Network Efficiency and Safety Optimization)
  • Systematic Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
4,141 Views
32 Pages

Reframing BIM and Digital Twins for Intelligent Built Environments

  • Abdullahi Abdulrahman Muhudin,
  • Md Shafiullah,
  • Baqer Al-Ramadan,
  • Mohammad Sharif Zami and ,
  • Mohammad Tahir Zamani and
  • Lazhari Herzallah
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

The integration of Building Information Modeling [BIM] and Digital Twins [DT] has emerged as a central driver of digital transformation in the architecture, engineering, and construction sector. Yet, its systemic impact remains constrained by concept...

(This article belongs to the Section Buildings in Smart Cities)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,111 Views
19 Pages

Timely fault detection, classification, and localization are fundamental to enabling fast service restoration in modern distribution networks, and are especially vital for maintaining the reliability and resilience of smart city electricity infrastru...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Intelligent Control and Planning for Urban Network Efficiency and Safety Optimization)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,471 Views
22 Pages

Co-Optimized Scheduling of a Multi-Microgrid System Based on a Reputation Point Trading Mechanism

  • Jiankai Fang,
  • Dongmei Yan,
  • Hongkun Wang,
  • Hui Deng and ,
  • Xinyu Meng and
  • Hong Zhang
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

With the rapid integration of distributed energy resources, achieving a balance between economic efficiency and environmental sustainability in multi-microgrid (MMG) systems is critical. However, existing studies typically treat microgrid operators a...

(This article belongs to the Section Smart Urban Energies and Integrated Systems)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,550 Views
28 Pages

Enhancing Smart Building Energy Resilience: A Novel Parallel-Series PV Architecture for Urban Partial Shading Mitigation

  • Tanveer Abbas,
  • Syed Talha Safeer Gardezi,
  • Noman Khan,
  • Adnan Khan and ,
  • Shakeel Ahmed and
  • Kambiz Tehrani
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

Building-integrated photovoltaic systems are essential components of smart buildings and sustainable urban infrastructure, contributing to energy efficiency and carbon footprint reduction in smart cities. Mismatch loss, particularly under partial sha...

(This article belongs to the Topic Application of Smart Technologies in Buildings)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,136 Views
22 Pages

Towards a Temporal City: Time of Day as a Structural Dimension of Urban Accessibility

  • Irfan Arif,
  • Fahim Ullah,
  • Siddra Qayyum and
  • Mahboobeh Jafari

Urban accessibility is commonly evaluated using static spatial indicators, which assume stable travel conditions throughout the day. Road congestion, network saturation, and service variability change the function and experience of the built environm...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Paving the Future: Sustainable Road Design and Urban Mobility in Smart Cities, 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,021 Views
36 Pages

A Timed Petri Net-Based Dynamic Visitor Guidance Model for Mountain Scenic Areas During Peak Periods

  • Binyou Wang,
  • Liyan Lu,
  • Changyong Liang,
  • Xiaohan Yan and ,
  • Shuping Zhao and
  • Wenxing Lu
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

Tourist congestion and load imbalance during peak periods pose critical challenges to the safe operation and experience assurance of large scenic areas. To address the limitations of traditional management approaches in capturing the dynamic and stoc...

  • Review
  • Open Access
2 Citations
2,418 Views
24 Pages

The Role and Significance of Rail Transport in the Decarbonisation of the EU Transport Sector

  • Mladen Bošnjaković,
  • Robert Santa and
  • Maja Čuletić Čondrić

Globally, the transport sector accounts for almost a quarter of CO2 emissions from fuel combustion and generates large amounts of pollutants, placing significant pressure on the environment and human health. By 2050, the European Green Deal requires...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,080 Views
33 Pages

BiLSTM Guided LPA Planning, Re-Planning, and Backtracking for Effective and Efficient Emergency Evacuation

  • Ramzi Djemai,
  • Hamza Kheddar,
  • Mohamed Chahine Ghanem,
  • Karim Ouazzane and
  • Erivelton Nepomuceno

Emergency evacuation in complex and dynamic building environments requires robust and adaptive routing strategies capable of responding to evolving hazards, blocked passages, and changing crowd behaviour. Most existing evacuation planners rely on sta...

  • Editorial
  • Open Access
1,924 Views
4 Pages

Next Generation of Smart Grid Technologies

  • Luis M. Fernández-Ramírez,
  • Chun Sing Lai and
  • Payman Dehghanian

The emergence of smart cities demands a fundamental transformation in how energy is managed, positioning smart grid technologies as a key driver in urban progress [...]

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Next Generation of Smart Grid Technologies)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2,127 Views
24 Pages

Rethinking Pooled Ride-Hailing as Large-Scale Simulations Reveal System Limits

  • Haitam Laarabi,
  • Zachary A. Needell,
  • Rashid A. Waraich and
  • C. Anna Spurlock

Over nearly two decades, ride-hailing has become a major component of urban travel, and its tendency to increase vehicle miles traveled (VMT) and worsen congestion is now well established. What remains poorly understood is why pooling, the most frequ...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cost-Effective Transportation Planning for Smart Cities)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,185 Views
29 Pages

Effective traffic control using Artificial Intelligence (AI) is essential to ensure safe passage for all road users. AI-based collision detection systems offer advanced mechanisms to prevent accidents and improve highway safety. This research investi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,226 Views
19 Pages

Station-based car-sharing has been shown to reduce resource-intensive private car ownership. However, only a small proportion of the population uses station-based car-sharing, which could be improved by redesigning the service to reduce walking dista...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cost-Effective Transportation Planning for Smart Cities)
  • Article
  • Open Access
8 Citations
2,280 Views
32 Pages

Advanced Multivariate Deep Learning Methodology for Forecasting Wind Speed and Solar Irradiation

  • Md Shafiullah,
  • Abdul Rahman Katranji,
  • Mannan Hassan,
  • Md Mahfuzur Rahman and
  • Sk. A. Shezan

The transition to smart cities is accelerating distributed wind and solar deployment. However, their intermittency challenges grid operation, thereby making accurate machine-learning-based prediction of wind speed and global horizontal irradiance (GH...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy Strategies of Smart Cities, 2nd Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,673 Views
46 Pages

Urban Communication in Smart Cities: Stakeholder Participation Motivators

  • Laura Minskere,
  • Diana Kalnina,
  • Jelena Salkovska and
  • Anda Batraga

The smart city concept has become a dominant framework for contemporary urban governance, largely driven by advances in digital technologies and data-driven decision-making. However, the prevailing technocratic orientation of smart city development r...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3,173 Views
32 Pages

Startup-Driven Air-Front Smart City Policy Evaluation Using Integrated Accessibility Index: A Case Study of Aichi, Singapore, and Munich

  • Mustafa Mutahari,
  • Nao Sugiki,
  • Tsuyoshi Takano,
  • Hiroyoshi Morita and ,
  • Yoshitsugu Hayashi and
  • Kojiro Matsuo
  • + 1 author+ 0 author

The Air-front Smart City (ASC) concept is proposed to address the stagnation of industries in developed countries and stimulate economic growth in developing countries while maintaining a higher quality of life for people and contributing to decarbon...

(This article belongs to the Collection Smart Governance and Policy)
  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,865 Views
24 Pages

Short-term traffic load prediction is a fundamental component of intelligent transportation systems (ITSs), supporting real-time monitoring, congestion mitigation, and adaptive traffic management in smart cities. Owing to the dynamic and nonlinear na...

(This article belongs to the Section Smart Urban Mobility, Transport, and Logistics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
1,145 Views
32 Pages

The development of Smart Tourism often overlooks the “Wilderness Last Mile”, leading to the spatial exclusion of people with disabilities in mountain areas. This problem exists because standard tourist maps and urban-centric accessibility...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Paving the Future: Sustainable Road Design and Urban Mobility in Smart Cities, 2nd Edition)
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Smart Cities - ISSN 2624-6511