Fire, Volume 8, Issue 4

Small-scale model experiments were conducted to examine the effectiveness of a point smoke exhaust system in an asymmetrical V-shaped tunnel. Using a design fire power of 20 MW as a reference, the study explored the optimal smoke exhaust rate for the...

Effective evacuation is vital for minimizing casualties during disasters. This study employed the Web of Science (WOS) database to perform a bibliometric analysis of the evacuation literature. VOSViewer (v1.6.20) and CiteSpace (v6.3.R1) software were...

Battery electric buses (BEBs) are widely regarded as a safe and sustainable alternative to internal combustion vehicles. However, the lithium-ion batteries that power them present safety risks. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the safe...

Wildfires, a natural part of the wildland life cycle, are experiencing a decades-long trend of increased frequency, duration, and magnitude, resulting in increased risk of fatalities and property damage. Fire suppression methods are adapting accordin...

The objective of this study was to understand the characteristics of gas migration in a mine system network domain during a period of reversal ventilation. Combining field experiments with the TF1M3D simulation program, we analyzed gas migration and...

Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable polymer served as thermal management material, and the heat transfer performance is closely related to its pore structure theoretically, but it is unclear how the structure affects its heat transfer. Therefore...

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of helicopters in fighting forest fires in Türkiye. The increasing frequency and severity of forest fires, especially with climate change, require more effective aerial response methods. Helicopters...

Fire has been proven to threaten human lives and buildings significantly. Extensive research is being conducted globally to reduce fire risks, particularly in high-rise buildings that incorporate steel for structural support, timber for decorative el...

With the development of society and the advancement of technology, the application of electricity in modern life has become increasingly widespread. However, the risk of electrical fires has also significantly increased. This paper thoroughly investi...

Due to the high saturated vapor pressure of low-boiling-point flammable liquids, it is difficult to make fire extinguishers for storage tanks containing them. Air foam extinguishing technology has been recommended by several standards. However, the e...

This study investigates the physical interactions and between forest fires and the atmosphere, which often lead to conditions favourable to instability and the formation of pyrocumulus (PyCu). Using the coupled atmosphere–fire spread modelling...

Peat fires generate significant greenhouse gas emissions, thereby posing considerable environmental challenges arising from smoke pollution, health hazards, and ecological impacts. Water alone is inefficient for extinguishing peat fires because it ca...

This study examines the impact of alcohol blends on the performance and emissions of aviation micro-turbojet engines. Thus, propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, heptanol, and octanol were tested at 10%, 20%, and 30% concentrations and mixed with Jet...

We present a study that addresses the critical need for a prototype Decision Support System for forest fire information and management in Uttarakhand, India. The study’s main objective was to carry out statistical analysis of large fire inciden...

A high-temperature gas plasma scheme using methane/air/K₂CO₃ mixed combustion is proposed for the application background of hypersonic aircraft. The actual combustion temperature was calculated by ANSYS Chemkin Pro software; the various components of...

This study aimed to develop the Five Cognitive Biases in Risk-Taking Scale (5 CBR-S) to measure five cognitive biases associated with risk-taking: overconfidence, illusion of control, belief in the law of small numbers, escalation of commitment, and...

Numerical simulations reveal the combustion dynamics of hydrogen-blended natural gas (H-BNG) in semi-open spaces. In the typical semi-open space scenario, increasing the hydrogen blending ratio from 0% to 60% elevates peak internal pressure by 107% (...

The new eco-friendly flammable refrigerant in air conditioners has resulted in an annual increase in fire incidents associated with these units. Fire investigators face significant challenges in identifying the causes of these fires. In this study, c...

In this study, we investigated the influence of pre-fire tree mortality on fire behavior. Although other studies have focused on the environmental factors affecting wildfire, the influence of pre-fire tree mortality has not been explored in detail. W...

Mountain photovoltaic (PV) power stations cover vast areas and contain dense equipment. Once direct current arc faults occur in PV modules, they can pose a serious thermal threat to surrounding facilities and combustible materials, potentially result...

The increasing frequency and severity of agricultural fires pose significant threats to food security, economic stability, and environmental sustainability. Traditional fire-detection methods, relying on satellite imagery and ground-based sensors, of...

Understanding environmental factors that control the ignition of fuel beds exposed to firebrands is necessary to help reduce the risk of losses of structures. Ignition by firebrands has been reported to be sensitive to wind, but identification and qu...

The wind and slope are deemed to be the determinant factors driving the extreme or erratic spread behavior of wildfire, which, however, has not been fully investigated, especially to elaborate the mechanism of fire spread associated with heat transfe...

This study investigates the behaviour of plumes from massive fires subjected to crosswinds, focusing on how varying wind profiles and terrain characteristics influence the formation of coherent vortical structures, particularly wake vortices, and the...

Forest fires have a great destructive impact on the Earth’s ecosystem; therefore, the top priority of current research is how to accurately and quickly monitor forest fires. Taking into account efficiency and cost-effectiveness, deep-learning-d...

Current research on fires in high-speed train carriages mainly focuses on the temperature distribution of smoke, while the flow structure and dynamic evolution patterns of smoke have not been reviewed. This study employs numerical simulation to syste...

Experience is crucial for enhancing task performance. However, rescue experience, as a key contributor to individual and team capabilities within fire brigades, has not received sufficient attention in fire safety management research. Based on the co...

Accurate wildfire spread modeling critically depends on the representation of wind dynamics, which vary with terrain, land cover characteristics, and height above ground. Many fire spread models are often coupled with coarse atmospheric grids that ca...

Tunnel fires pose significant challenges to public safety due to their rapid development and the confined nature of tunnel environments. Traditional fire detection systems often struggle with delayed response times and high false alarm rates, particu...

A significant number of UK fire fatalities have been reported to involve textiles contaminated with emollients. In the following study, the flammability of a variety of fabrics containing 14 different emollients, including paraffin-free creams, was e...

Fire emergencies present significant challenges to human safety, with evacuation success relying on situational awareness and informed decision-making. Traditional methods, such as rendered fire simulations and physical evacuation drills, often fail...

The use of innovative insulating materials can contribute to an energy-efficient design by improving the thermal performance of building envelopes while also reducing the embodied energy of materials. Ultra-low carbon steel envelope solutions with bi...

Wildfires represent an increasing threat to ecosystems and communities, driven by climate change, fuel dynamics, and human activities. In Ambato, Ecuador, a city in the Andean highlands, these risks are exacerbated by prolonged droughts, vegetation d...

Sound wave fire suppression, an emerging firefighting technology, demonstrates unique potential by regulating the physicochemical processes of flames. This paper systematically reviews the research progress in acoustic fire extinguishing technology....

Phase change material (PCM) concrete walls represent a new type of energy storage wall. It is of great significance to study the fire resistance of PCM concrete walls to ensure the safety of these kinds of components in service. For this reason, fire...

Polyurethane foam (PF) is a versatile polymer widely used in various applications. By changing the composition of polyol and isocyanate, these foams can be classified into rigid polyurethane foams (PUFRs) and flexible polyurethane foams (PUFFs). The...

Satellite data provide the spatial distributions of burned areas worldwide; assessing their accuracy and comparing burned area estimates from different products is relevant to gain insights into their reliability and sources of error. We compared BA...

To address the challenges of high algorithmic complexity and low accuracy in current fire detection algorithms for highway tunnel scenarios, this paper proposes a lightweight tunnel fire detection algorithm, FIRE-YOLOv8s. First, a novel feature extra...

With the safety and reliability of the electrical equipment used in information systems becoming more important, prefabricated fire-extinguishing devices using heptafluoropropane as the extinguishing agent have broad application prospects. However, f...

In this study, a continuation of the research on the influence of the bearing capacity proof on the fire resistance of an element’s cross-section is presented; however, in this particular case, we focus on elements made of homogeneous glued lam...

Square steel tube (SST) columns are widely applied, and fire resistance is a critical issue in its design. Current research on the fire resistance of the SST column predominantly assumes that it is uniformly exposed to fire, ignoring the thermal insu...

This study was conducted to precisely map burned areas in fire-prone forest regions of İzmir and analyze the spatial distribution of wildfires. Using Sentinel-2 satellite imagery, burn severity was first classified using the dNBR and dNDVI indic...

This study investigates innovative surface coatings’ effectiveness in enhancing spruce wood’s fire resistance (Picea abies spp.). Spruce wood samples were treated with various agents, including oils, waxes, boric acid, commercial coatings...

This study investigates a risk-based approach to evaluate the effectiveness of sprinklers in residential buildings to offset the risk premium imposed by combustible cladding (expanded polystyrene and aluminium composite panels) installed on such buil...