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Fire
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Building Fires, Evacuations and Rescue
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Building Fires, Evacuations and Rescue

A special issue of Fire (ISSN 2571-6255). This special issue belongs to the section "Fire Risk Assessment and Safety Management in Buildings and Urban Spaces".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 2921

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Changcheng Liu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
Interests: pyrolysis; building fires; aircraft fire safety; personnel evacuation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Zhi Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Resource and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
Interests: silica aerogels; aerogel composites; thermal insulation; thermal hazards; thermal analysis; impact resistance; personal safety protection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The intersection of human safety and architectural integrity presents a critical area of research, particularly in the context of building fires. With the increasing complexity of urban structures and the evolving nature of materials and technologies used in construction, the study of fires within buildings has become more pertinent than ever. The scientific background of this research area is grounded in multidisciplinary fields such as fire science, structural engineering, emergency management, and human behavior in crisis situations. The importance of this research cannot be overstated, as it directly impacts the development of life-saving protocols, the design of resilient buildings, and the improvement of evacuation strategies in the face of emergencies.

This Special Issue aims to bring together the latest research findings, innovative methodologies, and practical solutions related to building fires, evacuations, and rescue operations. It seeks to address the multifaceted challenges posed by such events, with a focus on enhancing the safety and security of occupants, improving structural resilience, and optimizing emergency response. By aligning with the journal's scope, which emphasizes interdisciplinary approaches to complex problems, this Special Issue will provide a comprehensive platform for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers to share insights and collaborate on effective strategies.

Research articles exploring the interaction between fire and construction materials, including the development of fire-resistant materials and the behavior of materials under fire conditions.

Studies examining the impact of fires on the structural integrity of buildings, including the use of advanced modeling techniques to predict and mitigate structural failures.

Computational and empirical research on evacuation dynamics, crowd behavior during emergencies, and the development of simulation tools to optimize evacuation routes and procedures.

Articles showcasing the integration of IoT, AI, and sensor networks in enhancing fire detection, monitoring, and response within smart buildings.

In this Special Issue, original research articles/reviews/case reports/communications/perspectives/viewpoints reporting innovative content on the topic are welcome. Our aim is to promote further research activities in this field and accelerate the industrialization of high-performance energy materials.

Dr. Changcheng Liu
Dr. Zhi Li
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fire is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fire dynamics and building materials
  • structural integrity and fire safety
  • evacuation modeling and simulation
  • emergency response and rescue operations
  • human factors in fire emergencies
  • smart building technologies for fire safety
  • regulatory frameworks and policy implications
  • post-fire assessment and recovery

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • e-Book format: Special Issues with more than 10 articles can be published as dedicated e-books, ensuring wide and rapid dissemination.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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31 pages, 17576 KiB  
Article
Optimizing Emergency Response in Healthcare Facilities: Integration of Firefighting Technologies and Tactical Evacuation Strategies
by Miroslav Betuš, Andrea Seňová, Annamária Behúnová, Ivanna Burachok and Galya Toteva Terzieva
Fire 2025, 8(2), 77; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire8020077 - 14 Feb 2025
Viewed by 762
Abstract
This study analyzes the implementation of firefighting procedures and evacuation methods in a hospital environment, with a focus on ensuring rapid rescue operations and evacuation methods in a real fire in 2024. This research emphasizes the integration of firefighting technologies, including fire detection [...] Read more.
This study analyzes the implementation of firefighting procedures and evacuation methods in a hospital environment, with a focus on ensuring rapid rescue operations and evacuation methods in a real fire in 2024. This research emphasizes the integration of firefighting technologies, including fire detection systems, real-time communication networks, and specialized evacuation strategies for immobile patients. This work further examines the optimization of the emergency response through the coordinated efforts of an integrated rescue system, emphasizing tactical decision making and resource allocation. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of evacuation methods in the event of needing to evacuate a larger number of people, as well as meeting the need to ensure that active fire protection systems are in an operational state. This research provides key recommendations for improving fire protection measures in healthcare facilities, ensuring faster response times and increased patient protection. Subsequently, after evaluating and reviewing all the options, conclusions were drawn from the on-site results, and recommendations were defined for future fires in similar facilities. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Building Fires, Evacuations and Rescue)
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23 pages, 2454 KiB  
Article
Fire Safety Literacy of Personnel in High-Rise Buildings: A Survey Study
by Jingya Wang, Diping Yuan, Dingli Liu, Tian Zhou and Weijun Liu
Fire 2025, 8(2), 40; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire8020040 - 23 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1213
Abstract
Over recent decades, the number of high-rise building fires has increased rapidly with urbanization. However, few studies have been conducted from the perspective of fire safety awareness among residents in high-rise buildings. This study investigated the fire safety literacy of people in high-rise [...] Read more.
Over recent decades, the number of high-rise building fires has increased rapidly with urbanization. However, few studies have been conducted from the perspective of fire safety awareness among residents in high-rise buildings. This study investigated the fire safety literacy of people in high-rise buildings. High-rise buildings are an important part of the urban environment, and fires can cause environmental pollution. In this work, online and on-site questionnaire surveys were combined to investigate residents’ evacuation preparation, firefighting skills, and knowledge about firefighting equipment. A total of 3000 questionnaires were collected, of which 2026 were validated. The survey results showed that 27.79% of residents were unaware of the location of evacuation staircases, 55.43% were not aware of the location of refuge floors in super high-rise buildings, and 41.20% were not aware that fire doors should be in a normally closed state. The main findings of this investigation indicate that the fire safety knowledge of residents in high-rise buildings is gravely deficient. Therefore, it is recommended that fire safety awareness campaigns be enhanced in both school education and community activities, and residents in high-rise buildings should be organized to participate in regular fire drills. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Building Fires, Evacuations and Rescue)
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Review

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44 pages, 4223 KiB  
Review
Classification and Prevention of Electrical Fires: A Comprehensive Review
by Guohui Li, Jiapu Guo, Yanhao Kang, Que Huang, Junchao Zhao and Changcheng Liu
Fire 2025, 8(4), 154; https://doi.org/10.3390/fire8040154 - 10 Apr 2025
Viewed by 328
Abstract
With the development of society and the advancement of technology, the application of electricity in modern life has become increasingly widespread. However, the risk of electrical fires has also significantly increased. This paper thoroughly investigates the causes, classifications, and challenges of electrical fires [...] Read more.
With the development of society and the advancement of technology, the application of electricity in modern life has become increasingly widespread. However, the risk of electrical fires has also significantly increased. This paper thoroughly investigates the causes, classifications, and challenges of electrical fires in special environments, and summarizes advanced detection and extinguishing technologies. The study reveals that the causes of electrical fires are complex and diverse, including equipment aging, improper installation, short circuits, and overloading. In special environments such as submarines, surface vessels, and aircraft, the risk of electrical fires is higher due to limited space, dense equipment, and difficult rescue operations. This paper also provides a detailed analysis of various types of electrical fires, including cable fires, electrical cabinet fires, transformer fires, battery fires, data center fires, and residential fires, and discusses their characteristics and prevention and control technologies. In terms of detection technology, this paper summarizes the progress of technologies such as arc detection, video detection, and infrared thermography, and emphasizes the importance of selecting appropriate technologies based on specific environments. Regarding extinguishing technologies, this paper discusses various means of extinguishing, such as foam extinguishing agents, dry powder extinguishing agents, and fine water mist technology, and highlights their advantages, disadvantages, and applicable scenarios. Finally, this paper identifies the limitations in the current field of electrical fire prevention and control, emphasizes the importance of interdisciplinary research and the development of advanced risk assessment models, and outlines future research directions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Building Fires, Evacuations and Rescue)
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