Fire, Volume 6, Issue 4

This study proposes an assessment method to quantify the risks of the smoke environment for road tunnel fire safety based on previous studies. The assessment method integrates visibility and toxic gases to address the hazards of smoke distribution mo...

5-aminotetrazole (5AT) has been widely used as a fuel in SPGGs for its high nitrogen content, heat resistance, and environmentally friendly product. However, 5AT-based propellants still have disadvantages, such as a high exhaust temperature and unsta...

Concerns about fire risk reduction and rescue tactics have been raised in light of recent incidents involving flammable cladding systems and fast fire spread in high-rise buildings worldwide. Thus, governments, engineers, and building designers shoul...

Kotawaringin Barat is a high-risk area for forest and land fires; a total of 564.13 km² of forest land was burned from 2015 to 2022, the majority of which spread to peatlands. The goal of this contribution is to use the information value method (IVM)...

Wildfire risk has globally increased during the past few years due to several factors. An efficient and fast response to wildfires is extremely important to reduce the damaging effect on humans and wildlife. This work introduces a methodology for des...

The National Weather Service is responsible for alerting wildland fire management of meteorological conditions that create an environment conducive for extreme fire behavior. This is communicated via Red Flag Warnings (RFWs), which presently lack a n...

Accidental flame initiation to propagation in pipes carrying flammable gases is a significant safety concern that can potentially result in loss of life and substantial damage to property. The understanding of flame propagation characteristics caused...

Large forest fires can cause significant damage to forest ecosystems and threaten human life and property. Heilongjiang Province is a major forested area in China with the highest number and concentration of lightning-caused forest fires in the count...

Galicia is the Spanish region most affected by wildfires, and these wildfire patterns are the object of intense research. However, within Galicia, the mountain areas have certain socioeconomic and ecological characteristics that differentiate them fr...

As a tropical nation with ~40% forested land area and 290 protected areas in the Indo-Burma Biodiversity Hotspot, Vietnam holds an important part of global forests. Despite a complex history of multiple colonial rules, war, rapid economic development...

Flame radiation is one of the important causes of wildland–urban interface (WUI) fires. PMMA, pine needle and pine wood are the most common fuels in WUI fires, but the radiant distance effect on the flaming ignitions as well as the subsequent b...

Smoke is an important component of wildfires. Specifying the combustion process of different materials allows scientists to better prevent and adopt public health measures. This experimental study contributes to a better characterisation of the smoke...

In seasonally dry forests, wildfires can reduce competition for soil water among trees and improve forest resilience to drought. We tested this idea by comparing tree-ring growth patterns of Pinus pinea stands subjected to two prescribed burning inte...

Achieving sustainable coexistence with wildfires in the Anthropocene requires skilful integrated fire observations, fire behaviour predictions, forecasts of fire risk, and projections of change to fire climates. The diverse and multiscale approaches...

Forest fire activity has been increasing in California. Satellite imagery data along with ground level measurements of PM_2.5 have been previously used to determine the presence and level of smoke. In this study, emergency room visits for asthma are e...

Wildfire is the primary cause of deforestation in fire-prone environments, disrupting the forest transition process generated by multiple social-ecological drivers of modernization. Given the positive feedback between climate change and wildfire-driv...

In the original publication [...]

Gaseous fire suppressants are usually stored in a vessel via pressurization, and then discharged out through pipelines. The flow behaviors of the agents in pipes greatly affect its dispersion in space, as well as the fire extinguishing results. Here,...

Little is known about the bonfire impact on microbial properties in soil. This work aimed to study moderate- to high-severity experimental burning (250 °C) compared to unburned Cambisol in a natural Mediterranean environment (Croatia) on selected...

Rapid suppression is a must in the mitigation of ventilation air methane (VAM) explosions. Flame suppression proves to be much more challenging than prevention of flame initiation due to the small physics timescale (~1 s). This study numerically inve...

A preliminary non-exhaustive study was conducted on the ignition of some ligneous biomass pellets inside a laboratory scale traveling bed furnace. The experiments consisted in the measurement of the ignition time of volatiles released by six differen...

Ethnographic observations suggest that Indigenous peoples employed a distinct regime of frequent, low-intensity fires in the Australian landscape in the past. However, the timing of this behaviour and its ecological impact remain uncertain. Here, we...

Fire-prone landscapes found throughout the world are increasingly managed with prescribed fire for a variety of objectives. These frequent low-intensity fires directly impact lower forest strata, and thus estimating surface fuels or understory vegeta...

Forest fires are considered to play a fundamental role in structuring many forest plant communities. Prescribed burning is a useful tool to reduce fire risk by reducing the amount of fuel. Our main objective was to analyse the effects of prescribed b...

Increased wildfire frequency and size has led to a surge in flammability research, most of which investigates landscape-level patterns and wildfire dynamics. There has been a recent shift towards organism-scale mechanisms that may drive these pattern...

In this study, a theoretical formulation of the ignition and combustion of the wood layer by burning and smoldering firebrands has been considered. The effect of the firebrands’ length, distances between firebrands and their geometrical paramet...

Due to the randomness of interior combustibles, wall thermal inertia, and opening factor, the fire temperature rise in high-rise residential buildings is uncertain. This study investigated 38 urban high-rise residential buildings, created the probabi...

The structure and fire regime of pre-industrial (historical) dry forests over ~26 million ha of the western USA is of growing importance because wildfires are increasing and spilling over into communities. Management is guided by current conditions r...

Low-intensity burnings could be an effective silvicultural tool to prevent the occurrence and severity of wildfires. Nevertheless, their use as a forest fuel reduction tool may have a negative impact on soil properties. The aim of this investigation...

Ancient villages are precious architectural treasures that have been protected from fire hazards for centuries through traditional fire prevention strategies. However, research on traditional fire response strategies is limited, with existing studies...

This paper studied the effects of ambient pressure on the plug-holing phenomenon in tunnel fires with a shaft by a Fire Dynamics Simulator. The influence of ambient pressures on the smoke movement, temperature distribution, critical Richard number (R...

Generally, fires in confined spaces have more intense burning behaviors than open-space fires due to the accumulation of heat and smoke released by fires [...]

Western juniper was often historically restricted to fire refugia such as rocky outcrops but has since Euro-American settlement expanded into areas previously dominated by sagebrush steppe. Wildfires in developed woodlands have been rare. In 2007, th...

Existing fire smoke detectors use the intensity of scattering light or the light extinction coefficient as the indicator of fire smoke to trigger fire alarms. However, false fire alarms could be triggered by dust and water fog. Achieving reliable ear...

Rescue and evacuation of underground interchange tunnels after a fire are challenging. Therefore, a method of integrating building information modeling (BIM) and a fire dynamic simulator (FDS) was proposed to analyze fire characteristics and personne...

Soil seed banks play an important role in plant species persistence in fire-prone systems. Response to fire related germination cues often reflect historical fire regimes and can be important in maintaining ecotones between different forest types. We...

Reducing the occurrence of structural fires is the common goal of all countries. However, the development level of different countries determines the degree of perfection of local fire management regulations. Developed countries have a more rational...

The modern methods of predicting the fire front spread characteristics during forest fires have significant limitations. The main challenge is to adequately describe the impact of the flame length (reaching 10–15 m even during surface fires) on...

The addition of nanomaterials to concrete efficiently fills the pores of the concrete, thereby improving its hardening characteristics. However, no research is available in the literature that investigated the influence of nano-cement (NC), nano-sili...

The flow field driven by a compartment fire usually contains several flow zones with different physical structures. As each type of turbulence model has its own predominant application area, it is logical to apply two or more simple turbulence models...

This study aimed to explore differences in the perceptions of professional and voluntary firefighters regarding the extreme wildfire events that occurred in Portugal in 2017. We collected a sample of 185 participants, professional and voluntary firef...

Stair pressurization systems are designed to create a smoke-proof barrier, preventing the ingress of smoke into staircases within buildings. In tall buildings over 25 m, evacuation strategies can utilize phased or simultaneous evaluation of multiple...

In many regions, the frequency and extent of wildfires has increased in recent years, a trend which is expected to continue. Hence, there is a need for effective fire management strategies. Such strategies need to be based on accurate and complete da...

On 30 June 2013, 19 Granite Mountain Hotshots firefighters were killed fighting a wildfire near Yarnell in the mountains of Central Arizona. They succumbed when the wildfire, driven by erratic winds, blocked their escape route and overran their locat...

This article presents a numerical analysis of the performance of three water mist fire suppression systems, with different characteristics, on shielded fires as representing more realistic fire scenarios in an enclosure. A diesel pool fire with a pea...