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Horticulturae
Volume 11
Issue 6
10.3390/horticulturae11060681
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Review

Environmental and Phytohormonal Factors Regulating Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Fruits

by
Luodan Kuang
1,
Jiazhuo Chen
2,
Xiaoyu Bao
1,
Dong Zhang
1,
Jiaru Liu
1,
Wei Wang
1,
Yi Wei
1 and
Chengwen Zong
1,*
1
College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, China
2
College of Medical, Yanbian University, Yanji 133000, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Horticulturae 2025, 11(6), 681; https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11060681 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 23 April 2025 / Revised: 9 June 2025 / Accepted: 11 June 2025 / Published: 13 June 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Developmental Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Biology)
Versions Notes

Abstract

Fruit color is a key indicator of appearance quality. Anthocyanins are flavonoids that not only give plants their rich colors but also contribute to human health due to their antioxidant properties, such as preventing cardiovascular disease. As a result, fruits with high anthocyanin content are becoming increasingly popular in the market. Anthocyanin biosynthesis is regulated by various genetic, developmental, and environmental factors, primarily through physiological and biochemical metabolism, as well as the expression of structural and regulatory genes. This review explores how environmental factors and phytohormones jointly regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis, thereby providing strategies to produce high quality fruits. Focusing on major environmental factors and hormonal signaling, this review summarizes current knowledge on the transcriptional networks that regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis, with particular emphasis on the crosstalk between these regulatory factors.
Keywords: anthocyanin; phytohormones; environmental factors; fruit; ABA; salinity; drought anthocyanin; phytohormones; environmental factors; fruit; ABA; salinity; drought

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kuang, L.; Chen, J.; Bao, X.; Zhang, D.; Liu, J.; Wang, W.; Wei, Y.; Zong, C. Environmental and Phytohormonal Factors Regulating Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Fruits. Horticulturae 2025, 11, 681. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11060681

AMA Style

Kuang L, Chen J, Bao X, Zhang D, Liu J, Wang W, Wei Y, Zong C. Environmental and Phytohormonal Factors Regulating Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Fruits. Horticulturae. 2025; 11(6):681. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11060681

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kuang, Luodan, Jiazhuo Chen, Xiaoyu Bao, Dong Zhang, Jiaru Liu, Wei Wang, Yi Wei, and Chengwen Zong. 2025. "Environmental and Phytohormonal Factors Regulating Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Fruits" Horticulturae 11, no. 6: 681. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11060681

APA Style

Kuang, L., Chen, J., Bao, X., Zhang, D., Liu, J., Wang, W., Wei, Y., & Zong, C. (2025). Environmental and Phytohormonal Factors Regulating Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Fruits. Horticulturae, 11(6), 681. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae11060681

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