Bioengineering, Volume 7, Issue 4

Osteons are the repeating unit throughout cortical bone, consisting of canals filled with blood and nerve vessels surrounded by concentric lamella of hydroxyapatite-containing collagen fibers, providing mechanical strength. Creating a biodegradable s...

Recent advances in stem-cell technologies include the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into organ-like structures (organoids). These organoids exhibit remarkable self-organization that resembles key aspects of in vivo organ devel...

Collagen is the most abundant protein in mammals, accounting for approximately one-third of the total protein in the human body. Thus, it is a logical choice for the creation of biomimetic environments, and there is a long history of using collagen m...

The REACH regulation stands for “Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals” and defines certain substances as harmful to human health and the environment. This urges manufacturers to adapt production processes....

Tau protein aggregation is identified as one of the key phenomena associated with the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease. In the present study, we performed on-chip confocal imaging of tau protein aggregation and tau–drug intera...

The increased demands of small-diameter vascular grafts (SDVGs) globally has forced the scientific society to explore alternative strategies utilizing the tissue engineering approaches. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) comprises one of the most lethal gr...

Background: The stomach is a hollow organ of the gastrointestinal tract, on which bariatric surgery (BS) is performed for the treatment of obesity. Even though BS is the most effective treatment for severe obesity, drawbacks and complications are sti...

Background—Physiological helical flow in the ascending aorta has been well documented in the last two decades, accompanied by discussions on possible physiological benefits of such axial swirl. Recent 4D-MRI studies on healthy volunteers have f...

Despite being a mature biotechnological process, anaerobic digestion is still attracting considerable research attention, mainly due to its versatility both in substrate and product spectra, as well as being a perfect test system for the microbial ec...

Collagens provide the building blocks for diverse tissues and organs. Furthermore, these proteins act as signaling molecules that control cell behavior during organ development, growth, and repair. Their long half-life, mechanical strength, ability t...

Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, has garnered the interest of scientists for over 50 years. Its ubiquitous presence in all body tissues combined with its excellent biocompatibility has led scientists to study its potential as a biomate...

Because of availability and inexpensiveness, glycerol can be considered as a suitable raw material for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) production with bacterial fermentation. Nevertheless, compared to the production of glucose as a raw precursor, PHA prod...

The burst of research papers focused on the tissue engineering and regeneration recorded in the last years is justified by the increased skills in the synthesis of nanostructures able to confer peculiar biological and mechanical features to the matri...

Abnormal colorectal biomechanics and mechanotransduction associate with an array of gastrointestinal diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, diverticula disease, anorectal disorders, ileus, and chronic constipation....

Progress in metabolic engineering and synthetic and systems biology has made bioproduction an increasingly attractive and competitive strategy for synthesizing biomolecules, recombinant proteins and biofuels from renewable feedstocks. Yet, due to poo...

In view of the need for aesthetics, restorations of teeth will typically be completed using tooth colored restorative materials. With the advent of biomimetic restorative materials, such as glass ionomer cements (GIC), much greater emphasis is now be...

Improving the bioproduction ability of efficient host microorganisms is a central aim in bioengineering. To control biosynthesis in living cells, the regulatory system of the whole biosynthetic pathway should be clearly understood. In this study, we...

The article presents the design of the near-field probe, which is a combined emitter (a combination of a symmetric dipole and an annular frame). The design of the probe allows forming a prolonged zone of the near-field. This effect can be used for in...

Yeast strains are convenient models for studying domestication processes. The ability of yeast to ferment carbon sources from various substrates and to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide is the core of brewing, winemaking, and ethanol production tech...

Biomechatronics (bionics) is an applied science that creates interdisciplinary bonds between biology and engineering. The lower gastrointestinal (GI) tract is difficult to study but has gained interest in recent decades from a bionics point of view....

In bioprocess development, the host and the genetic construct for a new biomanufacturing process are selected in the early developmental stages. This decision, made at the screening scale with very limited information about the performance in larger...

Wearable sensor systems with transmitting capabilities are currently employed for the biometric screening of exercise activities and other performance data. Such technology is generally wireless and enables the non-invasive monitoring of signals to t...

Comprehensive analysis of the glycoproteome is critical due to the importance of glycosylation to many aspects of protein function. The tremendous complexity of this post-translational modification, however, makes it difficult to adequately character...

Frequently, the oral cavity area can be affected by different diseases, so the patient needs to be submitted to surgery to remove a specific region of the mandibular. A complete or partial discontinuity of the mandibular bone can cause direct or indi...

Distraction enterogenesis has been extensively studied as a potential treatment for short bowel syndrome, which is the most common form of intestinal failure. Different strategies including parenteral nutrition and surgical lengthening to manage pati...

One of the challenges in 3D-bioprinting is the realization of complex, volumetrically defined structures, that are also anatomically accurate and relevant. Towards this end, in this study we report the development and validation of a carboxylated aga...

The Sit-to-Stand (STS) is a widely used test of physical function to screen older people at risk of falls and frailty and is also one of the most important components of standard screening for sarcopenia. There have been many recent studies in which...

Syngas fermentation by methanogens is a novel process to purify biogas. Methanogens are able to ferment non-desirable CO₂, H_2, and CO to methane. However, to use methanogens on an industrial scale, more research has to be done. There are studies that...

The field of genetic engineering was born in 1973 with the “construction of biologically functional bacterial plasmids in vitro”. Since then, a vast number of technologies have been developed allowing large-scale reading and writing of DN...

Creation of a submucosal plane to separate the lesion from the deeper muscle layer in gastrointestinal tract is an integral and essential part of endoscopic resection therapies such as endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal diss...

Craniofacial microsomia is a congenital deformity caused by asymmetric development of the skull (cranium) and face before birth. Current treatments include corrective surgery and replacement of the deformed structure using autograft tissue, which res...

Farnesyl diphosphate (FPP)-derived isoprenoids represent a diverse group of plant secondary metabolites with great economic potential. To enable their efficient production in the heterologous host Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we refined a metabolic engi...

In vitro generation of functional neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) utilizing the same induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) source for muscle and motoneurons would be of great value for disease modeling and tissue engineering. Although, differentiation...

Mineralized biomaterials have been demonstrated to enhance bone regeneration compared to their non-mineralized analogs. As non-mineralized scaffolds do not perform as well as mineralized scaffolds in terms of their mechanical and surface properties,...

Many lower gastrointestinal diseases are associated with altered mechanical movement and deformation of the large intestine, i.e., the colon and rectum. The leading reason for patients’ visits to gastrointestinal clinics is visceral pain, which...

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is a reduction of the airflow during sleep which not only produces a reduction in sleep quality but also has major health consequences. The prevalence in the obese pediatric population can surpass 50%, and polysomnogr...

Metal nanoparticles (NPs) have received much attention for potential applications in medicine (mainly in oncology, radiology and infectiology), due to their intriguing chemical, electronical, catalytical, and optical properties such as surface plasmo...

With the growing demands for bone implant therapy, titanium (Ti) and its alloys are considered as appropriate choices for the load-bearing bone implant substitutes. However, the interaction of bare Ti-based implants with the tissues is critical to th...

The most famous yeast of all, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been used by humankind for at least 8000 years, to produce bread, beer and wine, even without knowing about its existence. Only in the last century we have been fully aware of the amazing po...

Osteoporosis is a progressive skeletal disease characterized by reduced bone density leading to bone fragility and an elevated risk of bone fractures. In osteoporotic conditions, decrease in bone density happens due to the augmented osteoclastic acti...

Our research objective was to develop novel drug delivery vehicles consisting of TiO₂ and Al₂O₃ nanoparticles encapsulated by a bilayer shell that allows the reversible embedment of hydrophobic drugs. The first shell is formed by covalent binding of...

Emerging evidence has shown multiple roles of the tumor microenvironment (TME) components, specifically the extracellular matrix (ECM), in breast cancer development, progression, and metastasis. Aside from the biophysical properties and biochemical c...

Antibiotic-resistant microorganisms are drawing a lot of attention due to their severe and irreversible consequences on human health. The animal industry is considered responsible in part because of the enormous volume of antibiotics used annually. I...

Biomaterials to facilitate the restoration of cardiac tissue is of emerging importance. While there are many aspects to consider in the design of biomaterials, mechanical properties can be of particular importance in this dynamically remodeling tissu...

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a fatal blood cancer that progresses rapidly and hinders the function of blood cells and the immune system. The current AML diagnostic method, a manual examination of the peripheral blood smear, is time consuming, labo...

Gated computed tomography (CT) might not adequately predict occurrence of post-implantation transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) complications in hostile aortic root as it would require a more complex integration of morphological, functional...

Large-scale muscle injury in humans initiates a complex regeneration process, as not only the muscular, but also the vascular and neuro-muscular compartments have to be repaired. Conventional therapeutic strategies often fall short of reaching the de...

Currently, well-known surgical procedures for bone defects are classified into four types: (1) autogenous bone graft transplantation, (2) allogeneic bone graft transplantation, (3) xenogeneic bone graft transplantation, and (4) artificial bone graft...

The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of veneering technique (hand-layering vs. milling) on the fracture resistance of bi-layer implant-supported zirconia-based hybrid-abutment crowns. Mandibular molar copings were anatomically...