Logistics

39 pages, 936 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prioritizing ERP System Selection Challenges in UAE Ports: A Fuzzy Delphi and Relative Importance Index Approach

by Nadin Alherimi, Alyaa Alyaarbi, Sara Ali, Zied Bahroun and Vian Ahmed

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 98; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030098 - 23 Jul 2025

Background: Selecting enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems for complex port environments is a significant challenge. This study addresses a key research gap by identifying and prioritizing the critical factors for ERP selection within the strategic context of United Arab Emirates (UAE) ports, which [...] Read more.

Background: Selecting enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems for complex port environments is a significant challenge. This study addresses a key research gap by identifying and prioritizing the critical factors for ERP selection within the strategic context of United Arab Emirates (UAE) ports, which function as vital hubs in global trade. Methods: A hybrid methodology was employed, first using the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) to validate thirteen challenges with five industry experts. Subsequently, the Relative Importance Index (RII) was used to rank these challenges based on survey data from 48 UAE port professionals. Results: The analysis revealed “Cybersecurity concerns” as the highest-ranked challenge (RII = 0.896), followed by “Engagement with external stakeholders” (RII = 0.842), and both “Process optimization” and “Technical capabilities” (RII = 0.808). Notably, factors traditionally seen as critical in other sectors, such as “Organizational readiness” (RII = 0.746), were ranked significantly lower. Conclusions: The findings indicate a strategic shift in ERP selection priorities toward digital resilience and external integration rather than internal organizational factors. This research provides a sector-specific decision-support framework and offers actionable insights for port authorities, vendors, and policymakers to enhance ERP implementation in the maritime industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Maritime and Transport Logistics)

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18 pages, 840 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Centralized vs. Decentralized Black-Mass Production: A Comparative Analysis of Lithium Reverse Logistics Supply Chain Networks

by Oluwatosin S. Atitebi and Erick C. Jones, Jr.

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030097 - 23 Jul 2025

Abstract

Background: The transition to renewable energy is intensifying demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), thereby increasing the need for sustainable lithium sourcing. Traditional mining practices pose environmental and health risks, which can be mitigated through efficient end-of-life recycling systems. Methods: This study [...] Read more.

Background: The transition to renewable energy is intensifying demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), thereby increasing the need for sustainable lithium sourcing. Traditional mining practices pose environmental and health risks, which can be mitigated through efficient end-of-life recycling systems. Methods: This study proposes a modified lithium reverse logistics network that decentralizes black-mass production at distributed facilities before centralized extraction, contrasting with conventional models that transport raw LIBs directly to central processing sites. Using the United States as a case study, two mathematical optimization (mixed-integer linear programming) models were developed to compare the traditional and modified networks in terms of cost efficiency and carbon emissions. Results: The model indicates that the proposed network significantly reduces both operational costs and emissions. Conclusions: This study highlights its potential to support a greener economy and inform policy development. Full article

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26 pages, 505 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cost Modeling for Pickup and Delivery Outsourcing in CEP Operations: A Multidimensional Approach

by Ermin Muharemović, Amel Kosovac, Muhamed Begović, Snežana Tadić and Mladen Krstić

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030096 - 17 Jul 2025

Viewed by 165

Abstract

Background: The growth of parcel volumes in urban areas, largely driven by e-commerce, has increased the complexity of pickup and delivery operations. To meet demands for cost efficiency, flexibility, and sustainability, CEP (Courier, Express, and Parcel) operators increasingly outsource segments of their [...] Read more.

Background: The growth of parcel volumes in urban areas, largely driven by e-commerce, has increased the complexity of pickup and delivery operations. To meet demands for cost efficiency, flexibility, and sustainability, CEP (Courier, Express, and Parcel) operators increasingly outsource segments of their last-mile networks. Methods: This study proposes a novel multidimensional cost model for outsourcing, integrating five key variables: transport unit type (parcel/pallet), service phase (pickup/delivery), vehicle category, powertrain type, and delivery point type. The model applies correction coefficients based on internal operational costs, further adjusted for location and service quality using a bonus/malus mechanism. Results: Each cost component is calculated independently, enabling full transparency and route-level cost tracking. A real-world case study was conducted using operational data from a CEP operator in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The model demonstrated improved accuracy and fairness in cost allocation, with measurable savings of up to 7% compared to existing fixed-price models. Conclusions: The proposed model supports data-driven outsourcing decisions, allows tailored cost structuring based on operational realities, and aligns with sustainable last-mile delivery strategies. It offers a scalable and adaptable tool for CEP operators seeking to enhance cost control and service efficiency in complex urban environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Criteria Decision-Making and Its Application in Sustainable Smart Logistics—2nd Edition)

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41 pages, 2476 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Effects of Environmental Legislation via Green Procurement Strategies: A Systematic Literature Review

by Lonneke Vocks, Victor Verboeket and Bart Vos

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 95; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030095 - 14 Jul 2025

Viewed by 352

Abstract

Background: EU environmental legislations affecting global supply chains have come into force since 2022. As procurement plays a direct role effectuating this, the result of these legislations via procurement becomes relevant. Methods: A systematic literature review is used to synthesize 152 articles from [...] Read more.

Background: EU environmental legislations affecting global supply chains have come into force since 2022. As procurement plays a direct role effectuating this, the result of these legislations via procurement becomes relevant. Methods: A systematic literature review is used to synthesize 152 articles from managerial, business administrative, and supply chain journals. The Context–Intervention–Mechanism–Output framework (CIMO) is used as the lens by which the articles are analyzed. The articles present findings from diverse methodologies and combine green business-to-business procurement with at least one element from the CIMO framework. Results: Five conceptual frameworks of different green procurement strategies are developed, each explaining the strategy and its expected result. The strategies increasingly collaborate and by this increasingly reduce environmental impact. A comparison of the strategies identified variables which strengthen the working of environmental legislation as they contribute to collaboration. Conclusions: Customer demand is crucial for collaborative green procurement. Without this, environmental legislation will only achieve limited environmental objectives. Propositions are formulated on variables which, next to the business case, strengthen the working of environmental legislation. This article adds to the science by synthesizing the existing knowledge base into propositions and future research directions. The findings may also support policymakers in understanding the effectiveness of legislation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Supply Chains and Logistics)

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Graphical abstract

16 pages, 470 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Digital Planning Tools in Intermodal Transport: Evidence from Poland

by Mateusz Zajac, Tomislav Rožić, Justyna Swieboda-Kutera and Martin Starčević

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 94; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030094 - 11 Jul 2025

Viewed by 241

Abstract

Background: The increasing complexity of global supply chains and environmental expectations has highlighted the strategic importance of digital transformation in the transport, forwarding, and logistics (TFL) sector. Despite a growing portfolio of available tools, adoption rates—particularly among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) [...] Read more.

Background: The increasing complexity of global supply chains and environmental expectations has highlighted the strategic importance of digital transformation in the transport, forwarding, and logistics (TFL) sector. Despite a growing portfolio of available tools, adoption rates—particularly among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Central and Eastern Europe—remain low. This study investigates the barriers and motivations related to the implementation of digital planning tools supporting intermodal transport planning. Methods: A structured online survey was conducted among 80 Polish TFL enterprises, targeting decision-makers responsible for operational and digital strategies. The questionnaire included 17 closed and semi-open questions grouped into three thematic sections: tool usage, implementation barriers, and digital readiness. Results: The findings indicate that only 20% of respondents use dedicated route planning tools, and merely 10% report satisfaction with their performance. Key barriers include lack of awareness, organizational inertia, and the prioritization of other initiatives, with financial cost cited less frequently. While environmental sustainability is declared as a priority by most enterprises, digital support for emission tracking is limited. The results highlight the need for targeted education, integration support, and differentiated platform functionalities for SMEs and larger firms. Conclusions: This study offers evidence-based recommendations for developers, policymakers, and logistics managers aiming to accelerate digital adoption in the intermodal logistics landscape. Full article

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32 pages, 632 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Industry 4.0 Practices on Sustainable Performance in Jordan’s Retail Sector: The Moderating Role of Environmental Dynamism

by Toqa Amoush and Luay Jum’a

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 93; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030093 - 10 Jul 2025

Viewed by 312

Abstract

Background: The retail sector in Jordan is adopting Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies to enhance efficiency and sustainability. Nevertheless, there is a lack of empirical evidence to inform retail managers regarding the impact of I4.0 adoption on environmental, economic, and social sustainability, particularly [...] Read more.

Background: The retail sector in Jordan is adopting Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies to enhance efficiency and sustainability. Nevertheless, there is a lack of empirical evidence to inform retail managers regarding the impact of I4.0 adoption on environmental, economic, and social sustainability, particularly in dynamic contexts. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of Industry 4.0 on the three types of sustainable performance, with the moderating effect of environmental dynamism. Methods: This quantitative study collected data using a cross-sectional survey of 100 retail professionals from large companies that was analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the hypotheses. Results: I4.0 practices improved retail environmental, economic, and social sustainability. Additionally, environmental dynamism moderated the relationship between I4.0 and environmental sustainability, suggesting that dynamic environments may reduce the effectiveness of I4.0 technologies in driving environmental performance. Economic and social sustainability had no significant moderating effects. Conclusions: This study examines the sustainability benefits of I4.0 adoption in an unexplored developing economy. It emphasizes the strategic importance of digital transformation for retail sustainability and provides practical recommendations for dynamic markets. The findings support I4.0 technologies role in sustainable growth and lay the groundwork for digital transformation research in emerging markets. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Supply Chains and Logistics)

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16 pages, 4000 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Towards a Concept for a Multifunctional Mobility Hub: Combining Multimodal Services, Urban Logistics, and Energy

by Jonas Fahlbusch, Felix Fischer, Martin Gegner, Alexander Grahle and Lars Tasche

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 92; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030092 - 10 Jul 2025

Viewed by 290

Abstract

Background: This paper proposes a conceptual framework for a multifunctional mobility hub (MMH) that co-locates shared e-mobility services, urban logistics, and charging/storage infrastructure within a single site. Aimed at high-density European cities, the MMH model addresses current gaps in both research and practice, [...] Read more.

Background: This paper proposes a conceptual framework for a multifunctional mobility hub (MMH) that co-locates shared e-mobility services, urban logistics, and charging/storage infrastructure within a single site. Aimed at high-density European cities, the MMH model addresses current gaps in both research and practice, where multimodal mobility services, logistics, and energy are rarely planned in an integrated manner. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was applied, including a systematic literature review (PRISMA), expert interviews, case studies, and a stakeholder workshop, to identify synergies across fleet types and operational domains. Results: The analysis reveals key design principles for MMHs, such as interoperable charging, the functional separation of passenger and freight flows, and modular, scalable infrastructure adapted to urban constraints. Conclusions: The MMH serves as a preliminary concept for planning next-generation mobility stations. It offers qualitative insights for urban planners, operators, and policymakers into how multifunctional hubs may support lower emissions, more efficient operations, and shared infrastructure use. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Supply Chains and Logistics)

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22 pages, 1402 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fleet Coalitions: A Collaborative Planning Model Balancing Economic and Environmental Costs for Sustainable Multimodal Transport

by Anna Laura Pala and Giuseppe Stecca

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 91; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030091 - 10 Jul 2025

Viewed by 198

Abstract

Background: Sustainability is a critical concern in transportation, notably in light of governmental initiatives such as cap-and-trade systems and eco-label regulations aimed at reducing emissions. In this context, collaborative approaches among carriers, which involve the exchange of shipment requests, are increasingly recognized as [...] Read more.

Background: Sustainability is a critical concern in transportation, notably in light of governmental initiatives such as cap-and-trade systems and eco-label regulations aimed at reducing emissions. In this context, collaborative approaches among carriers, which involve the exchange of shipment requests, are increasingly recognized as effective strategies to enhance efficiency and reduce environmental impact. Methods: This research proposes a novel collaborative planning model for multimodal transport designed to minimize the total costs associated with freight movements, including both transportation and

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emissions costs. Transshipments of freight between vehicles are modeled in the proposed formulation, promoting carrier coalitions. This study incorporated eco-labels, representing different emission ranges, to capture shipper sustainability preferences and integrated authority-imposed low-emission zones as constraints. A bi-objective approach was adopted, combining transportation and emission costs through a weighted sum method. Results: A case study on the Naples Bypass network (Italy) is presented, highlighting the model’s applicability in a real-world setting and demonstrating the effectiveness of collaborative transport planning. In addition, the model quantified the benefits of collaboration under low-emission zone (LEZ) constraints, showing notable reductions in both total costs and emissions. Conclusions: Overall, the proposed approach offers a valuable decision support tool for both carriers and policymakers, enabling sustainable freight transportation planning. Full article

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14 pages, 323 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Decision-Oriented Framework for Sustainable Supply Chain Redesign: A DEMATEL-Based Approach

by Iuliana Grecu, Roxana-Mariana Nechita, Flavia-Petruța-Georgiana Stochioiu, Oliver Ulerich, Corina-Ionela Dumitrescu and Cozmin Cristoiu

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030090 - 8 Jul 2025

Viewed by 255

Abstract

Background: Emerging economies face a strategic imperative to transform their supply chains, aiming for economic resilience, environmental responsibility, and social inclusivity. Methods: This study, employing the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method, identified and prioritized key drivers for this sustainable transformation. Results: [...] Read more.

Background: Emerging economies face a strategic imperative to transform their supply chains, aiming for economic resilience, environmental responsibility, and social inclusivity. Methods: This study, employing the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method, identified and prioritized key drivers for this sustainable transformation. Results: Expert input from supply chain professionals in various industrial sectors revealed five critical factors: top management commitment, stakeholder engagement, regulatory alignment, technological capability, and internal integration. Notably, technological capability and internal integration emerged as the most influential causal drivers, acting as crucial enablers for deeper, systemic change. These findings offer actionable insights for decision-makers in designing more effective transition strategies for logistics and supply chain systems, especially amidst rapid industrialization and escalating sustainability pressures. Conclusions: This research significantly contributes to the growing literature on strategic supply chain redesign, providing practical guidance for firms navigating sustainability transitions within complex, resource-constrained environments. Full article

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16 pages, 251 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Decision Analysis Framework for the Identification and Performance Preservation of Strategic Products in the Supply Chain

by Fatemeh Abbasnia, Mostafa Zandieh, Farzad Bahrami and Pourya Pourhejazy

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030089 - 1 Jul 2025

Viewed by 364

Abstract

Background: This study develops a decision-making framework for the identification and performance preservation of strategic products using a non-parametric analysis of items within the product portfolio. Methods: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the sensitivity analysis of Inverted Data Envelopment Analysis (IDEA) [...] Read more.

Background: This study develops a decision-making framework for the identification and performance preservation of strategic products using a non-parametric analysis of items within the product portfolio. Methods: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the sensitivity analysis of Inverted Data Envelopment Analysis (IDEA) are adapted to explore a new application area in growth product management. A field study from the retail sector of a developing economy is conducted to evaluate the method’s practicality. Results: This study suggests that the power of suppliers, product shelf life, and the ratio of sales to inventory are important supply chain considerations in identifying strategic products accommodated in Slow-Moving Consumer Goods (SMCG) supply chains. Conclusions: The field study shows that sensitivity analysis, in the new application area, provides insights for the identification and performance preservation of strategic items in a product portfolio. Data-driven solutions tailored to the operational needs of the case company and its different product categories conclude this article.. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Supplier, Government and Procurement Logistics)

17 pages, 682 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of Walkability in Shaping Shopping and Delivery Services: Insights into E-Consumer Behavior

by Leise Kelli de Oliveira, Rui Colaço, Gracielle Gonçalves Ferreira de Araújo and João de Abreu e Silva

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 88; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030088 - 1 Jul 2025

Viewed by 348

Abstract

Background: As e-commerce expands and delivery services diversifies, understanding the factors that shape consumer preferences becomes critical to designing efficient and sustainable urban logistics. This study examines how perceived walkability influences consumers’ preferences for shopping channels (in-store or online) and delivery methods [...] Read more.

Background: As e-commerce expands and delivery services diversifies, understanding the factors that shape consumer preferences becomes critical to designing efficient and sustainable urban logistics. This study examines how perceived walkability influences consumers’ preferences for shopping channels (in-store or online) and delivery methods (home delivery versus pickup points). Method: The analysis is based on structural equation modeling and utilizes survey data collected from 444 residents of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Results: The findings emphasize the importance of walkability in supporting weekday store visits, encouraging pickup for online purchases and fostering complementarity between different modes of purchase and delivery services. Perceived walkability positively affects the preference to buy in physical stores and increases the likelihood of using pickup points. Educated men, particularly those living in walkable areas, are the most likely to adopt pickup services. In contrast, affluent individuals and women are less likely to forgo home delivery in favor of pickup points. Conclusions: The results highlight the role of perceived walkability in encouraging in-person pickup as a sustainable alternative to home delivery, providing practical guidance for retailers, urban planners, and logistics firms seeking to align consumer convenience with sustainable delivery strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Criteria Decision-Making and Its Application in Sustainable Smart Logistics—2nd Edition)

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29 pages, 540 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Influence of Supply Chain Ambidexterity on Supply Chain Sustainability: The Mediating Role of Green Product Innovation

by Luay Jum’a, Ahmed Adnan Zaid and Mohammed Othman

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 87; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030087 - 1 Jul 2025

Viewed by 446

Abstract

Background: This study conceptualizes supply chain ambidexterity through two capabilities, supply chain adaptability and agility. Accordingly, it investigates the impact of supply chain adaptability and agility on green product innovation (GPI) and supply chain sustainability in Jordanian manufacturing firms. It also examines [...] Read more.

Background: This study conceptualizes supply chain ambidexterity through two capabilities, supply chain adaptability and agility. Accordingly, it investigates the impact of supply chain adaptability and agility on green product innovation (GPI) and supply chain sustainability in Jordanian manufacturing firms. It also examines the mediating role of GPI in these relationships. The study is based on dynamic capabilities theory (DCT) as the theoretical foundation. Methods: A quantitative research approach was employed, with data collected from 346 supply chain managers using a structured questionnaire. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used for analysis. Results: The findings reveal that supply chain adaptability does not directly influence sustainability but significantly enhances GPI, which positively impacts sustainability. Supply chain agility, however, directly and significantly improves both GPI and sustainability, highlighting its importance in achieving sustainable supply chain performance. Additionally, GPI mediates the relationship between supply chain ambidexterity and sustainability, reinforcing its role as a key enabler of eco-friendly supply chain management. These findings provide theoretical and managerial implications. Conclusions: The study extends DCT by confirming the role of GPI in linking supply chain ambidexterity to sustainability. Managers should prioritize agility, invest in sustainable products, and adopt green practices to enhance competitiveness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Supply Chains and Logistics)

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30 pages, 2240 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Mapping the Landscape of Blockchain for Transparent and Sustainable Supply Chains: A Bibliometric and Thematic Analysis

by Félix Díaz, Rafael Liza and Nhell Cerna

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 86; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030086 - 30 Jun 2025

Viewed by 487

Abstract

Background: The increasing complexity of global supply chains has intensified the demand for transparency, traceability, security, and sustainability in logistics and operations. Blockchain technology enables decentralized, immutable frameworks that improve data integrity, automate transactions via smart contracts, and integrate seamlessly with the IoT [...] Read more.

Background: The increasing complexity of global supply chains has intensified the demand for transparency, traceability, security, and sustainability in logistics and operations. Blockchain technology enables decentralized, immutable frameworks that improve data integrity, automate transactions via smart contracts, and integrate seamlessly with the IoT and AI. Methods: This bibliometric review analyzes 559 peer-reviewed publications retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science using a PRISMA-guided protocol. Data were processed with Bibliometrix and Biblioshiny to examine scientific production, contributing institutions, author countries, collaboration patterns, thematic clusters, and keyword evolution. Results: The analysis reveals a 400% increase in publications after 2020, with China, India, and the USA leading in output but with limited international collaboration. Keyword co-occurrence and thematic mapping reveal dominant topics, including smart contracts, food supply chain traceability, and sustainability, as well as emerging themes such as decentralization, privacy, and the circular economy. Conclusions: The field is marked by interdisciplinary growth, yet it remains thematically and geographically fragmented. This review maps the intellectual structure of blockchain-enabled sustainable supply chains, offering insights for policymakers, developers, and industry leaders and outlining future research avenues centered on global cooperation, platform efficiency, and ethical and regulatory dimensions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current & Emerging Trends to Achieve Sustainable Supply Trends)

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23 pages, 3439 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Managing Home Healthcare System Using Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows: A Case Study in Chiang Mai, Thailand

by Sirilak Phonin, Chulin Likasiri, Radom Pongvuthithum and Kornphong Chonsiripong

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 85; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030085 - 28 Jun 2025

Viewed by 477

Abstract

Background: The Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW) has been extensively researched due to its applicability across various real-world domains, including logistics, healthcare, and distribution systems. With the global elderly population projected to continue increasing, the demand for home healthcare (HHC) [...] Read more.

Background: The Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW) has been extensively researched due to its applicability across various real-world domains, including logistics, healthcare, and distribution systems. With the global elderly population projected to continue increasing, the demand for home healthcare (HHC) services is also on the rise. This work focuses on a specific application within an HHC system, aiming to minimize the total completion time for a fleet of vehicles delivering healthcare services to patients at home. Methods: We propose a mathematical model for the VRPTW, targeting a reduction in both customer and server waiting times on each route and seeking to decrease the total completion time. Our proposed algorithm employs a tabu search to narrow the search space, leveraging a greedy algorithm to establish the tabu list. Results: Our experimental results, based on Solomon’s benchmark datasets, demonstrate that the proposed algorithms achieve optimal solutions, particularly in minimizing total completion time compared to traditional methods, in a case study involving 400 customers where vehicles’ hours are restricted to align with caregivers’ average daily working hours. Conclusions: Our algorithm resulted in a 59% reduction in the number of vehicles required compared to the most recent algorithms, which combine k-mean clustering and local search. Full article

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21 pages, 1044 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Container Traffic in the Colombian Caribbean: A Competitiveness Analysis of the Port of Santa Marta Through a Technical–Economic Combination Framework

by Adriana del Socorro Pabón Noguera, María del Mar Cerbán Jiménez and Juan Jesús Ruiz Aguilar

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 84; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030084 - 27 Jun 2025

Viewed by 365

Abstract

Background: The Port of Santa Marta, located on Colombia’s northern Caribbean coast, plays a vital role in the country’s maritime trade, particularly in the export of agricultural and perishable goods. This raises the question: how competitive is Santa Marta’s container terminal compared to [...] Read more.

Background: The Port of Santa Marta, located on Colombia’s northern Caribbean coast, plays a vital role in the country’s maritime trade, particularly in the export of agricultural and perishable goods. This raises the question: how competitive is Santa Marta’s container terminal compared to national and regional ports, and what strategic factors shape its performance within the Colombia and Latin American maritime logistics system? Methods: This study evaluates the port’s competitiveness by applying Porter’s Extended Diamond Model. A mixed-methods ap-proach was employed, combining structured surveys and interviews with port stakeholders and operational data analysis. A competitiveness matrix was developed and examined using standardized residuals and L1 regression to identify critical performance gaps and strengths. Results: The analysis reveals several competitive advantages, including the port’s strategic location, natural deep-water access, and advanced infrastructure for refrigerated cargo. It also benefits from skilled labour and proximity to global shipping routes, such as the Panama Canal. Nonetheless, challenges remain in storage capacity, limited road connectivity, and insufficient public investment in hinterland infrastructure. Conclusions: While the Port of Santa Marta shows strong maritime capabilities and spe-cialized services, addressing its land-side and institutional constraints is essential for positioning it as a resilient, competitive logistics hub in the Latin American and Caribbean region. Full article

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29 pages, 4688 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Optimizing Cargo Securing Layouts on General Cargo Ships Using Lashing Lines Through Comparison of International Maritime Standards

by José M. Pérez-Canosa, Will van’t Hek, M. Natividad López López and José A. Orosa

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 83; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030083 - 26 Jun 2025

Viewed by 414

Abstract

Background: The cargo stowage and securing plan for non-standardized cargo is vital for ensuring safety at sea, as improper placement or inadequate lashing can compromise maritime transport safety. Due to the diverse size and type of cargo, efficient planning is also essential [...] Read more.

Background: The cargo stowage and securing plan for non-standardized cargo is vital for ensuring safety at sea, as improper placement or inadequate lashing can compromise maritime transport safety. Due to the diverse size and type of cargo, efficient planning is also essential to optimize space utilization and improve the economic performance of general cargo vessels. Methods: This paper presents a novel methodology to identify the optimal cargo securing layout using lashing lines that comply with international standards while minimizing deck space usage. A comparative analysis of two major securing guidelines was conducted to determine the stricter and safer standard. Results: The optimization approach was validated with real-world case studies, revealing the most effective securing configurations. These are defined by the optimal combination of vertical and horizontal lashing angles, which secure cargo in any stowage position by balancing longitudinal and transverse forces while minimizing occupied deck area. Additionally, novel graphs and 3D maps are introduced to illustrate the relationships between key securing parameters. Conclusions: The obtained results and the visual tools enhance understanding and provide practical support for lashing planners, facilitating safer and more efficient cargo securing decisions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Maritime and Transport Logistics)

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22 pages, 9784 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Novel Approach Based on IoT and Log-Normal Distribution for Supplier Lead Time Optimization in Smart Engineer-to-Order Supply Chains

by Aicha Alaoua and Mohammed Karim

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 82; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030082 - 25 Jun 2025

Viewed by 419

Abstract

Background: In Engineer-to-Order (EtO) supply chains, managing supplier lead times is particularly challenging due to high customization and intensive customer involvement. This study addresses the critical need for more accurate and dynamic lead time prediction to enhance supply chain resilience and efficiency [...] Read more.

Background: In Engineer-to-Order (EtO) supply chains, managing supplier lead times is particularly challenging due to high customization and intensive customer involvement. This study addresses the critical need for more accurate and dynamic lead time prediction to enhance supply chain resilience and efficiency in EtO environments. Methods: We propose a novel approach that integrates Internet of Things (IoT) technologies with statistical modeling using the log-normal distribution to model and optimize supplier lead times, especially for customized raw materials. The model incorporates real-time data from IoT-enabled suppliers and considers long-term contractual relationships to reduce variability. Monte Carlo simulation is employed to validate the model’s predictive capabilities. Results: The results demonstrate significant improvements in predicting supplier performance and reducing uncertainty. Simulation outputs reveal reductions in lead times and enhanced reliability. Statistical metrics such as the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) confirm the robustness and accuracy of the predictions. Conclusions: The proposed methodology supports better decision-making in supplier selection and procurement planning by enabling effective risk management. It contributes to improved performance and greater resilience in Engineer-to-Order supply chains. Full article

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26 pages, 2171 KiB

Open AccessReview

Location–Routing Problems with Sustainability and Resilience Concerns: A Systematic Review

by Bruna Figueiredo, Rui Borges Lopes and Amaro de Sousa

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 81; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030081 - 24 Jun 2025

Viewed by 493

Abstract

Background: Location and distribution decisions are key to efficient logistics network design and are often addressed in an integrated manner as Location–Routing Problems (LRPs). Today, sustainability and resilience must be considered when designing competitive networks. This systematic review examines how and at [...] Read more.

Background: Location and distribution decisions are key to efficient logistics network design and are often addressed in an integrated manner as Location–Routing Problems (LRPs). Today, sustainability and resilience must be considered when designing competitive networks. This systematic review examines how and at what decision level both concerns are explored in LRPs, highlighting trends and future research challenges. Methods: A search was conducted in the Scopus database on 3 January 2024. Articles not written in English or lacking a sustainability or resilience focus were excluded. The 36 most-cited articles were selected and analyzed descriptively and theoretically, considering their approaches to sustainability and resilience, as well as the decision levels at which these approaches were considered. The studies were also analyzed based on model features and solving approaches. Results: Our findings indicated that social sustainability was the most neglected. The environmental pillar was often focused on minimizing atmospheric pollution from distribution. Regarding resilience, proactive and reactive strategies were employed to minimize disruption costs and risks and maximize network reliability. Conclusions: Research on sustainable and resilient LRPs is growing, but remains fragmented. Future studies should explore the integration of social impacts, uncertainty modeling, and real-world applications. Stronger alignment with decision maker needs and more holistic evaluation frameworks are essential to support resilient and sustainable network design. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Supply Chains and Logistics)

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28 pages, 1393 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Integrated Economic and Environmental Dimensions in the Strategic and Tactical Optimization of Perishable Food Supply Chain: Application to an Ethiopian Real Case

by Asnakech Biza, Ludovic Montastruc, Stéphane Negny and Shimelis Admassu Emire

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 80; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030080 - 23 Jun 2025

Viewed by 401

Abstract

Background: The agri-food sector is a major contributor to environmental degradation and emissions, highlighting the need for sustainable practices to mitigate its impact. Within this sector, perishable food crops require targeted efforts to reduce their environmental footprint. Vertical integration is crucial for ensuring [...] Read more.

Background: The agri-food sector is a major contributor to environmental degradation and emissions, highlighting the need for sustainable practices to mitigate its impact. Within this sector, perishable food crops require targeted efforts to reduce their environmental footprint. Vertical integration is crucial for ensuring alignment between strategic and tactical decision making in supply chain management. This article presents a multi-objective mathematical model that integrates both economic and environmental considerations within the perishable food supply chain, aiming to determine optimal solutions for conflicting objectives. Methods: In this research, we employed combining goal programming with the epsilon constraint approach; this comprehensive methodology reveals optimal solutions by discretizing the values derived from the payoff table. Results: The model is applied to a real case study of the tomato paste supply chain in Ethiopia. To identify Pareto-efficient points, the results are presented in two scenarios: Case I and Case II. Conclusions: The findings emphasize the significant influence of the geographical location of manufacturing centers in supplier selection, which helps optimize the trade-off between environmental impact and total cost. The proposed solution provides decision makers with an effective strategy to optimize both total cost and eco-costs in the design of perishable food supply chain networks. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Supply Chains and Logistics)

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40 pages, 3494 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Risk-Based Optimization of Multimodal Oil Product Operations Through Simulation and Workflow Modeling

by Catalin Popa, Ovidiu Stefanov, Ionela Goia and Dinu Atodiresei

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 79; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030079 - 20 Jun 2025

Viewed by 493

Abstract

Background: The transportation of petroleum products via multimodal logistics systems is a complex process subject to operational inefficiencies and elevated risk exposure. The efficient and resilient transportation of petroleum products increasingly depends on multimodal logistics systems, where operational risks and process inefficiencies [...] Read more.

Background: The transportation of petroleum products via multimodal logistics systems is a complex process subject to operational inefficiencies and elevated risk exposure. The efficient and resilient transportation of petroleum products increasingly depends on multimodal logistics systems, where operational risks and process inefficiencies can significantly impact safety and performance. This study addresses the research question of how an integrated risk-based and workflow-driven approach can enhance the management of oil products logistics in complex port environments. Methods: A dual methodological framework was applied at the Port of Midia, Romania, combining a probabilistic risk assessment model, quantifying incident probability, infrastructure vulnerability, and exposure, with dynamic business process modeling (BPM) using specialized software. The workflow simulation replicated real-world multimodal oil operations across maritime, rail, road, and inland waterway segments. Results: The analysis identified human error, technical malfunctions, and environmental hazards as key risk factors, with an aggregated major incident probability of 2.39%. BPM simulation highlighted critical bottlenecks in customs processing, inland waterway lock transit, and road tanker dispatch. Process optimizations based on simulation insights achieved a 25% reduction in operational delays. Conclusions: Integrating risk assessment with dynamic workflow modeling provides an effective methodology for improving the resilience, efficiency, and regulatory compliance of multimodal oil logistics operations. This approach offers practical guidance for port operators and contributes to advancing risk-informed logistics management in the petroleum supply chain. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Investment, Risk, and Sustainability in Maritime Logistics and Supply Chain)

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19 pages, 467 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Business Resilience as a Mediator in the Link Between Digital Logistics Strategies and Competitive Advantage: Insights from Emerging Markets

by Ali F. Dalain, Abdulrahman Al-Karabsheh, Mahmoud Izzat Allahham, Wasef Ibrahim Almajali, Mohammad Ali Yousef Yamin and Thair M. Habboush

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 78; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030078 - 20 Jun 2025

Viewed by 620

Abstract

Background: The mediating effect of business resilience in the association between digital logistics strategy and competitive advantage is investigated in emerging markets. Given current global events, digital logistics is more than merely a competitive advantage for firms looking for stability and sustainability. Based [...] Read more.

Background: The mediating effect of business resilience in the association between digital logistics strategy and competitive advantage is investigated in emerging markets. Given current global events, digital logistics is more than merely a competitive advantage for firms looking for stability and sustainability. Based on the Resource-Based View (RBV), the research aims to explore how digital strategies promote resilience and performance outcomes, particularly for SMEs in turbulent environments. Methods: They used mixed methods. The quantitative data were obtained from 227 Jordanian SMEs using a structured survey, and the qualitative data were from 10 semi-structured interviews with experts in logistics and marketing. Hypothesized relationships were tested through Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) and qualitative validation through Thematic Analysis. Results: The results reveal that business resilience is a potent mediator between digital logistics strategies and competitive advantage. Both content marketing and social media marketing contribute to the enhancement of sustainable performance and to decreasing levels of market volatility. Email also has an impact on the sustainability, but does not directly or indirectly affect the volatility. Sustainable performance is thus confirmed to be a major factor for market stability. Conclusions: The findings emphasize the need for resilience-based digital logistics strategies for SMEs in developing economies. Well-directed content and social media marketing support both sustainability and competitive advantage. These findings offer managerial implications for the development of adaptive capacities to achieve long-term performance objectives in uncertain environments. Full article

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Logistics, Volume 9, Issue 3 (September 2025) – 21 articles

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