Logistics

37 pages, 3590 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Efficient Simulation Algorithm and Heuristic Local Optimization Approach for Multiproduct Pipeline Networks

by András Éles and István Heckl

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 114; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030114 - 12 Aug 2025

Background: Managing multiproduct pipeline systems is a complex task of critical importance in the petroleum industry. Experts frequently rely on simulation tools to design and validate pumping operation schedules. However, existing tools are often problem-specific and too slow to be effectively used for [...] Read more.

Background: Managing multiproduct pipeline systems is a complex task of critical importance in the petroleum industry. Experts frequently rely on simulation tools to design and validate pumping operation schedules. However, existing tools are often problem-specific and too slow to be effectively used for optimization purposes. Methods: In this paper, a new scheduling model is introduced, which inherently eliminates all conflicts except for tank overflows and underflows. A Discrete-Event Simulation algorithm was developed, capable of handling mesh-like pipeline topologies, reverse flows, and interface tracking. The computational performance of the new method is demonstrated using three local search-based optimization variants, including a simulated annealing metaheuristic. Results: A case study was made involving four problems, with 4–6 sites and 5–7 products in mesh-like and straight topologies, respectively, and a large-scale instance. Scheduling horizons of 2–28 days were used. The proposed simulation algorithm significantly outperforms a prior approach in speed, and the optimization algorithms effectively converged to feasible, high-quality schedules for most instances. Conclusions: This paper proposes a novel simulation technique for multiproduct pipeline scheduling along with three local search algorithm variants that demonstrate optimization capabilities. Full article

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33 pages, 1078 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancing Coordination and Decision Making in Humanitarian Logistics Through Artificial Intelligence: A Grounded Theory Approach

by Panagiotis Pantiris, Petros L. Pallis, Panos T. Chountalas and Thomas K. Dasaklis

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 113; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030113 - 11 Aug 2025

Viewed by 27

Abstract

Background: The adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in humanitarian logistics is essential for improving coordination and decision making, especially in the challenging landscape of disaster-relief settings. However, the current literature offers limited empirical evidence with respect to the specific impact of AI on [...] Read more.

Background: The adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) in humanitarian logistics is essential for improving coordination and decision making, especially in the challenging landscape of disaster-relief settings. However, the current literature offers limited empirical evidence with respect to the specific impact of AI on coordination and decision making for real-life humanitarian problems. Based on evidence from the humanitarian sector, this paper focuses on how AI could help humanitarian organizations collaborate better, streamline relief supply-chain operations and use resources more effectively. Methods: Twelve key themes influencing AI integration are identified by the study using a Grounded Theory (GT) approach based on interviews with experts from the humanitarian sector. These themes include data reliability, operational limitations, ethical considerations and cultural sensitivities, among others. Results: The findings suggest that AI improves forecasting, planning and inter-organizational coordination and is especially useful during the preparedness and mitigation stages of relief operations. Successful adoption, however, depends on adjusting tools to actual field conditions, building trust and training and striking a balance between algorithmic support and human expertise. Conclusions: The paper offers useful and practical advice for humanitarian organizations looking to use AI technologies in an ethical way while taking into account workforce capabilities, cross-agency cooperation and field-level realities. Full article

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17 pages, 2673 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Green Cold Chain Logistics: Minimising Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Fresh Food Products in Transport Refrigeration Units

by Manu Mohan and Shohel Amin

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 112; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030112 - 11 Aug 2025

Viewed by 24

Abstract

Background: The growing demand for fresh food leads to extensive use of cold chain logistics (CCL) that significantly contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to its dependence on energy-intensive transport refrigeration units (TRUs). Understanding the need to balance food preservation with [...] Read more.

Background: The growing demand for fresh food leads to extensive use of cold chain logistics (CCL) that significantly contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to its dependence on energy-intensive transport refrigeration units (TRUs). Understanding the need to balance food preservation with environmental sustainability, this paper explores practical strategies for reducing GHG emissions in CCL, focusing on fresh food products. Methods: The quantitative and qualitative analyses are applied to analyse data from Transport for London and Transport Scotland. Emission data were assessed to evaluate the impact of alternative TRU technologies and route optimisation practices. Results: The findings reveal that electric and cryogenic TRUs, along with improved route planning and operational practices, can significantly reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter. These results highlight the potential strategy for industry-led emission reductions without compromising food quality. Conclusions: This paper recommends the coordination of government policy and industry to support technological adaptation and infrastructure upgrades and to research into real-time monitoring and renewable energy integration in CCL systems. Full article

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55 pages, 2402 KiB

Open AccessReview

Planning of Logistic Networks with Automated Transport Drones: A Systematic Review of Application Areas, Planning Approaches, and System Performance

by Lukas Ostermann, Asrat Gobachew, Andreas Schwung and Stefan Lier

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 111; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030111 - 8 Aug 2025

Viewed by 272

Abstract

Background: The increasing integration of automated transport drones into logistics networks presents transformative potential for addressing contemporary logistics challenges, particularly in last-mile delivery, healthcare, disaster response, urban mobility, and postal services. However, their effective integration into varied logistics contexts remains hindered by [...] Read more.

Background: The increasing integration of automated transport drones into logistics networks presents transformative potential for addressing contemporary logistics challenges, particularly in last-mile delivery, healthcare, disaster response, urban mobility, and postal services. However, their effective integration into varied logistics contexts remains hindered by infrastructure, regulatory, and operational limitations. This study aims to explore how drone-based logistics systems can be systematically planned and evaluated across diverse operational environments. Methods: A structured literature review was conducted, employing thematic synthesis to analyze current research on drone logistics. The analysis focused on identifying the key planning dimensions and interrelated components that influence the deployment of drone-based transport systems. Results: The review identified seven central planning dimensions: areas of application, system components, transport configuration, geographic areas, optimization and analysis methods, logistical planning, and performance assessment. These dimensions inform a conceptual framework designed to guide the planning and assessment of drone logistics networks. Conclusions: While existing studies contribute valuable insights into route optimization and drone deployment strategies, they often overlook integrative approaches that account for societal and environmental factors. The study emphasizes the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and context-specific planning frameworks to enhance the sustainable and effective implementation of drone-based logistics systems. Full article

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30 pages, 4687 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Multi-Agent Optimization Approach for Multimodal Collaboration in Marine Terminals

by Ilias Alexandros Parmaksizoglou, Alessandro Bombelli and Alexei Sharpanskykh

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030110 - 8 Aug 2025

Viewed by 181

Abstract

Background: The rapid growth of international maritime trade has intensified operational challenges at marine terminals due to increased interaction between vessels, trucks, and trains. Key issues include berth congestion, inefficient truck arrivals, and underutilization of terminal resources. Ensuring coordinated planning among transport modes [...] Read more.

Background: The rapid growth of international maritime trade has intensified operational challenges at marine terminals due to increased interaction between vessels, trucks, and trains. Key issues include berth congestion, inefficient truck arrivals, and underutilization of terminal resources. Ensuring coordinated planning among transport modes and fostering collaboration between stakeholders such as vessel operators, logistics providers, and terminal managers is critical to mitigating these inefficiencies. Methods: This study proposes a multi-agent, multi-objective coordination model that synchronizes vessel berth allocation with truck appointment scheduling. A solution method combining prioritized planning with a neighborhood search heuristic is introduced to explore Pareto-optimal trade-offs. The performance of this approach is benchmarked against well-established multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs), including NSGA-II and SPEA2. Results: Numerical experiments demonstrate that the proposed method generates a greater number of Pareto-optimal solutions and achieves higher hypervolume indicators compared to MOEAs. These results show improved balance among objectives such as minimizing vessel waiting times, reducing truck congestion, and optimizing terminal resource usage. Conclusions: By integrating berth allocation and truck scheduling through a transparent, multi-agent approach, this work provides decision-makers with better tools to evaluate trade-offs in port terminal operations. The proposed strategy supports more efficient, fair, and informed coordination in complex multimodal environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Maritime and Transport Logistics)

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16 pages, 2222 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Integration of Data Analytics and Data Mining for Machine Failure Mitigation and Decision Support in Metal–Mechanical Industry

by Sidnei Alves de Araujo, Silas Luiz Bomfim, Dimitria T. Boukouvalas, Sergio Ricardo Lourenço, Ugo Ibusuki and Geraldo Cardoso de Oliveira Neto

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 109; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030109 - 7 Aug 2025

Viewed by 113

Abstract

Background: The growing complexity of production processes in the metal–mechanical industry demands ever more effective strategies for managing machine and equipment maintenance, as unexpected failures can incur high operational costs and compromise productivity by interrupting workflows and delaying deliveries. However, few studies [...] Read more.

Background: The growing complexity of production processes in the metal–mechanical industry demands ever more effective strategies for managing machine and equipment maintenance, as unexpected failures can incur high operational costs and compromise productivity by interrupting workflows and delaying deliveries. However, few studies have combined end-to-end data analytics and data mining methods to proactively predict and mitigate such failures. This study aims to develop and validate a comprehensive framework combining data analytics and data mining to prevent machine failures and support decision-making in a metal–mechanical manufacturing environment. Methods: First, exploratory data analytics were performed on the sensor and logistics data to identify significant relationships and trends between variables. Next, a preprocessing pipeline including data cleaning, data transformation, feature selection, and resampling was applied. Finally, a decision tree model was trained to identify conditions prone to failures, enabling not only predictions but also the explicit representation of knowledge in the form of decision rules. Results: The outstanding performance of the decision tree (82.1% accuracy and a Kappa index of 78.5%), which was modeled from preprocessed data and the insights produced by data analytics, demonstrates its ability to generate reliable rules for predicting failures to support decision-making. The implementation of the proposed framework enables the optimization of predictive maintenance strategies, effectively reducing unplanned downtimes and enhancing the reliability of production processes in the metal–mechanical industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optimizations and Operations Management of Modern Logistic Systems and Supply Chains)

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18 pages, 2653 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Clustering of Countries Through UMAP and K-Means: A Multidimensional Analysis of Development, Governance, and Logistics

by Enrique Delahoz-Domínguez, Adel Mendoza-Mendoza and Delimiro Visbal-Cadavid

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 108; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030108 - 7 Aug 2025

Viewed by 267

Abstract

Background: Growing disparities in development, governance, and logistics performance across countries pose challenges for global policymaking and Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) monitoring. This study proposes a classification of 137 countries based on multiple structural dimensions. The dataset for 2023 includes six components [...] Read more.

Background: Growing disparities in development, governance, and logistics performance across countries pose challenges for global policymaking and Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) monitoring. This study proposes a classification of 137 countries based on multiple structural dimensions. The dataset for 2023 includes six components of the Logistics Performance Index (LPI), six dimensions of the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGIs), and four proxies of the Human Development Index (HDI). Methods: The Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) technique was used to reduce dimensionality and allow for meaningful clustering. Based on the reduced space, the K-means algorithm was employed to group countries with similar development characteristics. Results: The classification process allowed the identification of three distinct groups of countries, supported by a Hopkins statistic of 0.984 and an explained variance ratio of 87.3%. These groups exhibit structural differences in the quality of governance, logistics capacity, and social development conditions. Internal consistency checks and multivariate statistical analyses (ANOVA and MANOVA) confirmed the robustness and statistical significance of the clustering. Conclusions: The resulting classification offers a practical analytical tool for policymakers to design differentiated strategies aligned with national contexts. Furthermore, it provides a data-driven approach for comparative monitoring of the SDGs from an integrated and empirical perspective. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optimizations and Operations Management of Modern Logistic Systems and Supply Chains)

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33 pages, 26160 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Adaptive Intermodal Transportation for Freight Resilience: An Integrated and Flexible Strategy for Managing Disruptions

by Siyavash Filom, Satrya Dewantara, Mahnam Saeednia and Saiedeh Razavi

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 107; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030107 - 6 Aug 2025

Viewed by 271

Abstract

Background: Disruptions in freight transportation—such as service delays, infrastructure failures, and labor strikes—pose significant challenges to the reliability and efficiency of intermodal networks. To address these challenges, this study introduces Adaptive Intermodal Transportation (AIT), a resilient and flexible planning framework that enhances [...] Read more.

Background: Disruptions in freight transportation—such as service delays, infrastructure failures, and labor strikes—pose significant challenges to the reliability and efficiency of intermodal networks. To address these challenges, this study introduces Adaptive Intermodal Transportation (AIT), a resilient and flexible planning framework that enhances Synchromodal Freight Transport (SFT) by integrating real-time disruption management. Methods: Building on recent advances, we propose two novel strategies: (1) Reassign with Delay Buffer, which enables dynamic rerouting of shipments within a user-defined delay tolerance, and (2) (De)Consolidation, which allows splitting or merging of shipments across services depending on available capacity. These strategies are incorporated into a re-planning module that complements a baseline optimization model and a continuous disruption-monitoring system. Numerical experiments conducted on a Great Lakes-based case study evaluate the performance of the proposed strategies against a benchmark approach. Results: Results show that under moderate and high-disruption conditions, the proposed strategies reduce delay and disruption-incurred costs while increasing the percentage of matched shipments. The Reassign with Delay Buffer strategy offers controlled flexibility, while (De)Consolidation improves resource utilization in constrained environments. Conclusions: Overall, the AIT framework demonstrates strong potential for improving operational resilience in intermodal freight systems by enabling adaptive, disruption-aware planning decisions. Full article

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14 pages, 849 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Autonomous Last-Mile Logistics in Emerging Markets: A Study on Consumer Acceptance

by Emerson Philipe Sinesio, Marcele Elisa Fontana, Júlio César Ferro de Guimarães and Pedro Carmona Marques

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 106; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030106 - 6 Aug 2025

Viewed by 255

Abstract

Background: Rapid urbanization has intensified the challenges of freight transport, particularly in last-mile (LM) delivery, leading to rising costs and environmental externalities. Autonomous vehicles (AVs) have emerged as a promising innovation to address these issues. While much of the existing literature emphasizes business [...] Read more.

Background: Rapid urbanization has intensified the challenges of freight transport, particularly in last-mile (LM) delivery, leading to rising costs and environmental externalities. Autonomous vehicles (AVs) have emerged as a promising innovation to address these issues. While much of the existing literature emphasizes business and operational perspectives, this study focuses on the acceptance of AVs from the standpoint of e-consumers—individuals who make purchases via digital platforms—in an emerging market context. Methods: Grounded in an extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2), which is specifically suited to consumer-focused technology adoption research, this study incorporates five constructs tailored to AV adoption. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied to survey data collected from 304 e-consumers in Northeast Brazil. Results: The findings reveal that performance expectancy, hedonic motivation, and environmental awareness exert significant positive effects on acceptance and intention to use AVs for LM delivery. Social influence shows a weaker, yet still positive, impact. Importantly, price sensitivity exhibits a minimal effect, suggesting that while consumers are generally cost-conscious, perceived value may outweigh price concerns in early adoption stages. Conclusions: These results offer valuable insights for policymakers and logistics providers aiming to implement consumer-oriented, cost-effective AV solutions in LM delivery, particularly in emerging economies. The findings emphasize the need for strategies that highlight the practical, emotional, and environmental benefits of AVs to foster market acceptance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Last Mile, E-Commerce and Sales Logistics)

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27 pages, 815 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Material Flow Analysis for Demand Forecasting and Lifetime-Based Inflow in Indonesia’s Plastic Bag Supply Chain

by Erin Octaviani, Ilyas Masudin, Amelia Khoidir and Dian Palupi Restuputri

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 105; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030105 - 5 Aug 2025

Viewed by 378

Abstract

Background: this research presents an integrated approach to enhancing the sustainability of plastic bag supply chains in Indonesia by addressing critical issues related to ineffective post-consumer waste management and low recycling rates. The objective of this study is to develop a combined [...] Read more.

Background: this research presents an integrated approach to enhancing the sustainability of plastic bag supply chains in Indonesia by addressing critical issues related to ineffective post-consumer waste management and low recycling rates. The objective of this study is to develop a combined framework of material flow analysis (MFA) and sustainable supply chain planning to improve demand forecasting and inflow management across the plastic bag lifecycle. Method: the research adopts a quantitative method using the XGBoost algorithm for forecasting and is supported by a polymer-based MFA framework that maps material flows from production to end-of-life stages. Result: the findings indicate that while production processes achieve high efficiency with a yield of 89%, more than 60% of plastic bag waste remains unmanaged after use. Moreover, scenario analysis demonstrates that single interventions are insufficient to achieve circularity targets, whereas integrated strategies (e.g., reducing export volumes, enhancing waste collection, and improving recycling performance) are more effective in increasing recycling rates beyond 35%. Additionally, the study reveals that increasing domestic recycling capacity and minimizing dependency on exports can significantly reduce environmental leakage and strengthen local waste management systems. Conclusions: the study’s novelty lies in demonstrating how machine learning and material flow data can be synergized to inform circular supply chain decisions and regulatory planning. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Supply Chains and Logistics)

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25 pages, 5349 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Comprehensive Survey of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Reducing Carbon Emissions in Supply Chain Management

by Mariem Mrad, Mohamed Amine Frikha and Younes Boujelbene

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 104; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030104 - 4 Aug 2025

Viewed by 459

Abstract

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics are increasingly pivotal for reducing carbon emissions in supply chain management (SCM); however, research exploring their combined potential from a sustainability perspective remains fragmented. This study aims to systematically map the research landscape and synthesize evidence [...] Read more.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics are increasingly pivotal for reducing carbon emissions in supply chain management (SCM); however, research exploring their combined potential from a sustainability perspective remains fragmented. This study aims to systematically map the research landscape and synthesize evidence on the applications, benefits, and challenges. Methods: A systematic scoping review was conducted on 23 peer-reviewed studies from the Scopus database, published between 2013 and 2024. Data were systematically extracted and analyzed for publication trends, application domains (e.g., transportation, warehousing), specific AI and robotic technologies, emissions reduction strategies, and implementation challenges. Results: The analysis reveals that AI-driven logistics optimization is the most frequently reported strategy for reducing transportation emissions. At the same time, robotic automation is commonly associated with improved energy efficiency in warehousing. Despite these benefits, the reviewed literature consistently identifies significant barriers, including the high energy demands of AI computation and complexities in data integration. Conclusions: This review confirms the transformative potential of AI and robotics for developing low-carbon supply chains. An evidence-based framework is proposed to guide practical implementation and identify critical gaps, such as the need for standardized validation benchmarks, to direct future research and accelerate the transition to sustainable SCM. Full article

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26 pages, 3478 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Rethinking Routes: The Case for Regional Ports in a Decarbonizing World

by Dong-Ping Song

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 103; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030103 - 4 Aug 2025

Viewed by 364

Abstract

Background: Increasing regulatory pressure for maritime decarbonization (e.g., IMO CII, FuelEU) drives adoption of low-carbon fuels and prompts reassessment of regional ports’ competitiveness. This study aims to evaluate the economic and environmental viability of rerouting deep-sea container services to regional ports in [...] Read more.

Background: Increasing regulatory pressure for maritime decarbonization (e.g., IMO CII, FuelEU) drives adoption of low-carbon fuels and prompts reassessment of regional ports’ competitiveness. This study aims to evaluate the economic and environmental viability of rerouting deep-sea container services to regional ports in a decarbonizing world. Methods: A scenario-based analysis is used to evaluate total costs and CO₂ emissions across the entire container shipping supply chain, incorporating deep-sea shipping, port operations, feeder services, and inland rail/road transport. The Port of Liverpool serves as the primary case study for rerouting Asia–Europe services from major ports. Results: Analysis indicates Liverpool’s competitiveness improves with shipping lines’ slow steaming, growth in hinterland shipment volume, reductions in the emission factors of alternative low-carbon fuels, and an increased modal shift to rail matching that of competitor ports (e.g., Southampton). A dual-port strategy, rerouting services to call at both Liverpool and Southampton, shows potential for both economic and environmental benefits. Conclusions: The study concludes that rerouting deep-sea services to regional ports can offer cost and emission advantages under specific operational and market conditions. Findings on factors and conditions influencing competitiveness and the dual-port strategy provide insights for shippers, ports, shipping lines, logistics agents, and policymakers navigating maritime decarbonization. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Maritime and Transport Logistics)

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28 pages, 694 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Artificial Intelligence-Enabled Digital Transformation in Circular Logistics: A Structural Equation Model of Organizational, Technological, and Environmental Drivers

by Ionica Oncioiu, Diana Andreea Mândricel and Mihaela Hortensia Hojda

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030102 - 1 Aug 2025

Viewed by 364

Abstract

Background: Digital transformation is increasingly present in modern logistics, especially in the context of sustainability and circularity pressures. The integration of technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), and automated platforms involves not only infrastructure but also a [...] Read more.

Background: Digital transformation is increasingly present in modern logistics, especially in the context of sustainability and circularity pressures. The integration of technologies such as Internet of Things (IoT), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), and automated platforms involves not only infrastructure but also a strategic vision, a flexible organizational culture, and the ability to support decisions through artificial intelligence (AI)-based systems. Methods: This study proposes an extended conceptual model using structural equation modelling (SEM) to explore the relationships between five constructs: technological change, strategic and organizational readiness, transformation environment, AI-enabled decision configuration, and operational redesign. The model was validated based on a sample of 217 active logistics specialists, coming from sectors such as road transport, retail, 3PL logistics services, and manufacturing. The participants are involved in the digitization of processes, especially in activities related to operational decisions and sustainability. Results: The findings reveal that the analysis confirms statistically significant relationships between organizational readiness, transformation environment, AI-based decision processes, and operational redesign. Conclusions: The study highlights the importance of an integrated approach in which technology, organizational culture, and advanced decision support collectively contribute to the transition to digital and circular logistics chains. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancing Circular Supply Chains: Integrating Logistics, Supply Chain Management and Circular Economy Practices)

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17 pages, 1142 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Logistical Challenges in Home Health Care: A Comparative Analysis Between Portugal and Brazil

by William Machado Emiliano, Thalyta Cristina Mansano Schlosser, Vitor Eduardo Molina Júnior, José Telhada and Yuri Alexandre Meyer

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 101; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030101 - 31 Jul 2025

Viewed by 314

Abstract

Background: This study aims to compare the logistical challenges of Home Health Care (HHC) services in Portugal and Brazil, highlighting the structural and operational differences between both systems. Methods: Guided by an abductive research approach, data were collected using a semi-structured [...] Read more.

Background: This study aims to compare the logistical challenges of Home Health Care (HHC) services in Portugal and Brazil, highlighting the structural and operational differences between both systems. Methods: Guided by an abductive research approach, data were collected using a semi-structured survey with open-ended questions, applied to 13 HHC teams in Portugal and 18 in Brazil, selected based on national coordination recommendations. The data collection process was conducted in person, and responses were analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative content analysis. Results: The results reveal that Portugal demonstrates higher productivity, stronger territorial coverage, and a more integrated inventory management system, while Brazil presents greater multidisciplinary team integration, more flexible fleet logistics, and more advanced digital health records. Despite these strengths, both countries continue to address key logistical aspects, such as scheduling, supply distribution, and data management, largely through empirical strategies. Conclusions: This research contributes to the theoretical understanding of international HHC logistics by emphasizing strategic and systemic aspects often overlooked in operational studies. In practical terms, it offers insights for public health managers to improve resource allocation, fleet coordination, and digital integration in aging societies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Humanitarian and Healthcare Logistics)

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28 pages, 1431 KiB

Open AccessArticle

From Mine to Market: Streamlining Sustainable Gold Production with Cutting-Edge Technologies for Enhanced Productivity and Efficiency in Central Asia

by Mohammad Shamsuddoha, Adil Kaibaliev and Tasnuba Nasir

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 100; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030100 - 29 Jul 2025

Viewed by 394

Abstract

Background: Gold mining is a critical part of the industry of Central Asia, contributing significantly to regional economic growth. However, gold production management faces numerous challenges, including adopting innovative technologies such as AI, using improved logistical equipment, resolving supply chain inefficiencies and [...] Read more.

Background: Gold mining is a critical part of the industry of Central Asia, contributing significantly to regional economic growth. However, gold production management faces numerous challenges, including adopting innovative technologies such as AI, using improved logistical equipment, resolving supply chain inefficiencies and disruptions, and incorporating modernized waste management and advancements in gold bar processing technologies. This study explores how advanced technologies and improved logistical processes can enhance efficiency and sustainability. Method: This paper examines gold production processes in Kyrgyzstan, a gold-producing country in Central Asia. The case study approach combines qualitative interviews with industry stakeholders and a system dynamics (SD) simulation model to compare current operations with a technology-based scenario. Results: The simulation model shows improved outcomes when innovative technologies are applied to ore processing, waste refinement, and gold bar production. The results also indicate an approximate twenty-five percent reduction in transport time, a thirty percent decrease in equipment downtime, a thirty percent reduction in emissions, and a fifteen percent increase in gold extraction when using artificial intelligence, smart logistics, and regional smelting. Conclusions: The study concludes with recommendations to modernize equipment, localize processing, and invest in digital logistics to support sustainable mining and improve operational performance in Kyrgyzstan’s gold sector. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Sustainable Supply Chain Practices in A Digital Age)

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32 pages, 2875 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Achieving Sustainable Supply Chains: Applying Group Concept Mapping to Prioritize and Implement Sustainable Management Practices

by Thompson McDaniel, Edit Süle and Gyula Vastag

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 99; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030099 - 28 Jul 2025

Viewed by 545

Abstract

Background: Sustainability in supply chain management (SCM) practices is becoming increasingly important as environmental responsibility and social concerns, as well as enterprises’ competitiveness in terms of innovation, risk, and economic performance, become increasingly urgent. This paper aims to identify and prioritize concepts [...] Read more.

Background: Sustainability in supply chain management (SCM) practices is becoming increasingly important as environmental responsibility and social concerns, as well as enterprises’ competitiveness in terms of innovation, risk, and economic performance, become increasingly urgent. This paper aims to identify and prioritize concepts for implementing sustainable supply chains, drawing on sustainable supply chain management (SSCM) and green supply chain management (GSCM) techniques. Corporate supply chain managers across various industries, markets, and supply chain segments brainstormed management practices to enhance the sustainability of their supply chains. Four industry sectors were surveyed across five different value chain segments. Methods: A group concept mapping (GCM) approach incorporating multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was used. A hierarchy of practices is proposed, and hypotheses are developed about achievability and impact. Results: A decision-making matrix prioritizes eight solution concepts based on two axes: impact (I) and ease of implementation (EoI). Conclusions: Eight concepts are prioritized based on the optimal effectiveness of implementing the solutions. Pattern matching reveals differences between emerging and developed markets, as well as supply chain segments, that decision-makers should be aware of. By analyzing supply chains from a multi-part perspective, this research goes beyond empirical studies based on a single industry, geographic region, or example case. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Supply Chains and Logistics)

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39 pages, 936 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prioritizing ERP System Selection Challenges in UAE Ports: A Fuzzy Delphi and Relative Importance Index Approach

by Nadin Alherimi, Alyaa Alyaarbi, Sara Ali, Zied Bahroun and Vian Ahmed

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 98; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030098 - 23 Jul 2025

Viewed by 572

Abstract

Background: Selecting enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems for complex port environments is a significant challenge. This study addresses a key research gap by identifying and prioritizing the critical factors for ERP selection within the strategic context of United Arab Emirates (UAE) ports, which [...] Read more.

Background: Selecting enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems for complex port environments is a significant challenge. This study addresses a key research gap by identifying and prioritizing the critical factors for ERP selection within the strategic context of United Arab Emirates (UAE) ports, which function as vital hubs in global trade. Methods: A hybrid methodology was employed, first using the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) to validate thirteen challenges with five industry experts. Subsequently, the Relative Importance Index (RII) was used to rank these challenges based on survey data from 48 UAE port professionals. Results: The analysis revealed “Cybersecurity concerns” as the highest-ranked challenge (RII = 0.896), followed by “Engagement with external stakeholders” (RII = 0.842), and both “Process optimization” and “Technical capabilities” (RII = 0.808). Notably, factors traditionally seen as critical in other sectors, such as “Organizational readiness” (RII = 0.746), were ranked significantly lower. Conclusions: The findings indicate a strategic shift in ERP selection priorities toward digital resilience and external integration rather than internal organizational factors. This research provides a sector-specific decision-support framework and offers actionable insights for port authorities, vendors, and policymakers to enhance ERP implementation in the maritime industry. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Maritime and Transport Logistics)

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18 pages, 840 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Centralized vs. Decentralized Black-Mass Production: A Comparative Analysis of Lithium Reverse Logistics Supply Chain Networks

by Oluwatosin S. Atitebi and Erick C. Jones, Jr.

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 97; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030097 - 23 Jul 2025

Viewed by 374

Abstract

Background: The transition to renewable energy is intensifying demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), thereby increasing the need for sustainable lithium sourcing. Traditional mining practices pose environmental and health risks, which can be mitigated through efficient end-of-life recycling systems. Methods: This study [...] Read more.

Background: The transition to renewable energy is intensifying demand for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), thereby increasing the need for sustainable lithium sourcing. Traditional mining practices pose environmental and health risks, which can be mitigated through efficient end-of-life recycling systems. Methods: This study proposes a modified lithium reverse logistics network that decentralizes black-mass production at distributed facilities before centralized extraction, contrasting with conventional models that transport raw LIBs directly to central processing sites. Using the United States as a case study, two mathematical optimization (mixed-integer linear programming) models were developed to compare the traditional and modified networks in terms of cost efficiency and carbon emissions. Results: The model indicates that the proposed network significantly reduces both operational costs and emissions. Conclusions: This study highlights its potential to support a greener economy and inform policy development. Full article

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26 pages, 505 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cost Modeling for Pickup and Delivery Outsourcing in CEP Operations: A Multidimensional Approach

by Ermin Muharemović, Amel Kosovac, Muhamed Begović, Snežana Tadić and Mladen Krstić

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 96; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030096 - 17 Jul 2025

Viewed by 494

Abstract

Background: The growth of parcel volumes in urban areas, largely driven by e-commerce, has increased the complexity of pickup and delivery operations. To meet demands for cost efficiency, flexibility, and sustainability, CEP (Courier, Express, and Parcel) operators increasingly outsource segments of their [...] Read more.

Background: The growth of parcel volumes in urban areas, largely driven by e-commerce, has increased the complexity of pickup and delivery operations. To meet demands for cost efficiency, flexibility, and sustainability, CEP (Courier, Express, and Parcel) operators increasingly outsource segments of their last-mile networks. Methods: This study proposes a novel multidimensional cost model for outsourcing, integrating five key variables: transport unit type (parcel/pallet), service phase (pickup/delivery), vehicle category, powertrain type, and delivery point type. The model applies correction coefficients based on internal operational costs, further adjusted for location and service quality using a bonus/malus mechanism. Results: Each cost component is calculated independently, enabling full transparency and route-level cost tracking. A real-world case study was conducted using operational data from a CEP operator in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The model demonstrated improved accuracy and fairness in cost allocation, with measurable savings of up to 7% compared to existing fixed-price models. Conclusions: The proposed model supports data-driven outsourcing decisions, allows tailored cost structuring based on operational realities, and aligns with sustainable last-mile delivery strategies. It offers a scalable and adaptable tool for CEP operators seeking to enhance cost control and service efficiency in complex urban environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Criteria Decision-Making and Its Application in Sustainable Smart Logistics—2nd Edition)

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41 pages, 2476 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Effects of Environmental Legislation via Green Procurement Strategies: A Systematic Literature Review

by Lonneke Vocks, Victor Verboeket and Bart Vos

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 95; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030095 - 14 Jul 2025

Viewed by 630

Abstract

Background: EU environmental legislations affecting global supply chains have come into force since 2022. As procurement plays a direct role effectuating this, the result of these legislations via procurement becomes relevant. Methods: A systematic literature review is used to synthesize 152 articles from [...] Read more.

Background: EU environmental legislations affecting global supply chains have come into force since 2022. As procurement plays a direct role effectuating this, the result of these legislations via procurement becomes relevant. Methods: A systematic literature review is used to synthesize 152 articles from managerial, business administrative, and supply chain journals. The Context–Intervention–Mechanism–Output framework (CIMO) is used as the lens by which the articles are analyzed. The articles present findings from diverse methodologies and combine green business-to-business procurement with at least one element from the CIMO framework. Results: Five conceptual frameworks of different green procurement strategies are developed, each explaining the strategy and its expected result. The strategies increasingly collaborate and by this increasingly reduce environmental impact. A comparison of the strategies identified variables which strengthen the working of environmental legislation as they contribute to collaboration. Conclusions: Customer demand is crucial for collaborative green procurement. Without this, environmental legislation will only achieve limited environmental objectives. Propositions are formulated on variables which, next to the business case, strengthen the working of environmental legislation. This article adds to the science by synthesizing the existing knowledge base into propositions and future research directions. The findings may also support policymakers in understanding the effectiveness of legislation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Supply Chains and Logistics)

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16 pages, 470 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Digital Planning Tools in Intermodal Transport: Evidence from Poland

by Mateusz Zajac, Tomislav Rožić, Justyna Swieboda-Kutera and Martin Starčević

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 94; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030094 - 11 Jul 2025

Viewed by 535

Abstract

Background: The increasing complexity of global supply chains and environmental expectations has highlighted the strategic importance of digital transformation in the transport, forwarding, and logistics (TFL) sector. Despite a growing portfolio of available tools, adoption rates—particularly among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) [...] Read more.

Background: The increasing complexity of global supply chains and environmental expectations has highlighted the strategic importance of digital transformation in the transport, forwarding, and logistics (TFL) sector. Despite a growing portfolio of available tools, adoption rates—particularly among small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Central and Eastern Europe—remain low. This study investigates the barriers and motivations related to the implementation of digital planning tools supporting intermodal transport planning. Methods: A structured online survey was conducted among 80 Polish TFL enterprises, targeting decision-makers responsible for operational and digital strategies. The questionnaire included 17 closed and semi-open questions grouped into three thematic sections: tool usage, implementation barriers, and digital readiness. Results: The findings indicate that only 20% of respondents use dedicated route planning tools, and merely 10% report satisfaction with their performance. Key barriers include lack of awareness, organizational inertia, and the prioritization of other initiatives, with financial cost cited less frequently. While environmental sustainability is declared as a priority by most enterprises, digital support for emission tracking is limited. The results highlight the need for targeted education, integration support, and differentiated platform functionalities for SMEs and larger firms. Conclusions: This study offers evidence-based recommendations for developers, policymakers, and logistics managers aiming to accelerate digital adoption in the intermodal logistics landscape. Full article

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32 pages, 632 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Industry 4.0 Practices on Sustainable Performance in Jordan’s Retail Sector: The Moderating Role of Environmental Dynamism

by Toqa Amoush and Luay Jum’a

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 93; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030093 - 10 Jul 2025

Viewed by 661

Abstract

Background: The retail sector in Jordan is adopting Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies to enhance efficiency and sustainability. Nevertheless, there is a lack of empirical evidence to inform retail managers regarding the impact of I4.0 adoption on environmental, economic, and social sustainability, particularly [...] Read more.

Background: The retail sector in Jordan is adopting Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies to enhance efficiency and sustainability. Nevertheless, there is a lack of empirical evidence to inform retail managers regarding the impact of I4.0 adoption on environmental, economic, and social sustainability, particularly in dynamic contexts. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of Industry 4.0 on the three types of sustainable performance, with the moderating effect of environmental dynamism. Methods: This quantitative study collected data using a cross-sectional survey of 100 retail professionals from large companies that was analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) to test the hypotheses. Results: I4.0 practices improved retail environmental, economic, and social sustainability. Additionally, environmental dynamism moderated the relationship between I4.0 and environmental sustainability, suggesting that dynamic environments may reduce the effectiveness of I4.0 technologies in driving environmental performance. Economic and social sustainability had no significant moderating effects. Conclusions: This study examines the sustainability benefits of I4.0 adoption in an unexplored developing economy. It emphasizes the strategic importance of digital transformation for retail sustainability and provides practical recommendations for dynamic markets. The findings support I4.0 technologies role in sustainable growth and lay the groundwork for digital transformation research in emerging markets. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Supply Chains and Logistics)

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16 pages, 4000 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Towards a Concept for a Multifunctional Mobility Hub: Combining Multimodal Services, Urban Logistics, and Energy

by Jonas Fahlbusch, Felix Fischer, Martin Gegner, Alexander Grahle and Lars Tasche

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 92; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030092 - 10 Jul 2025

Viewed by 638

Abstract

Background: This paper proposes a conceptual framework for a multifunctional mobility hub (MMH) that co-locates shared e-mobility services, urban logistics, and charging/storage infrastructure within a single site. Aimed at high-density European cities, the MMH model addresses current gaps in both research and practice, [...] Read more.

Background: This paper proposes a conceptual framework for a multifunctional mobility hub (MMH) that co-locates shared e-mobility services, urban logistics, and charging/storage infrastructure within a single site. Aimed at high-density European cities, the MMH model addresses current gaps in both research and practice, where multimodal mobility services, logistics, and energy are rarely planned in an integrated manner. Methods: A mixed-methods approach was applied, including a systematic literature review (PRISMA), expert interviews, case studies, and a stakeholder workshop, to identify synergies across fleet types and operational domains. Results: The analysis reveals key design principles for MMHs, such as interoperable charging, the functional separation of passenger and freight flows, and modular, scalable infrastructure adapted to urban constraints. Conclusions: The MMH serves as a preliminary concept for planning next-generation mobility stations. It offers qualitative insights for urban planners, operators, and policymakers into how multifunctional hubs may support lower emissions, more efficient operations, and shared infrastructure use. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Supply Chains and Logistics)

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22 pages, 1402 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fleet Coalitions: A Collaborative Planning Model Balancing Economic and Environmental Costs for Sustainable Multimodal Transport

by Anna Laura Pala and Giuseppe Stecca

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 91; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030091 - 10 Jul 2025

Viewed by 438

Abstract

Background: Sustainability is a critical concern in transportation, notably in light of governmental initiatives such as cap-and-trade systems and eco-label regulations aimed at reducing emissions. In this context, collaborative approaches among carriers, which involve the exchange of shipment requests, are increasingly recognized as [...] Read more.

Background: Sustainability is a critical concern in transportation, notably in light of governmental initiatives such as cap-and-trade systems and eco-label regulations aimed at reducing emissions. In this context, collaborative approaches among carriers, which involve the exchange of shipment requests, are increasingly recognized as effective strategies to enhance efficiency and reduce environmental impact. Methods: This research proposes a novel collaborative planning model for multimodal transport designed to minimize the total costs associated with freight movements, including both transportation and

C O_{2}

emissions costs. Transshipments of freight between vehicles are modeled in the proposed formulation, promoting carrier coalitions. This study incorporated eco-labels, representing different emission ranges, to capture shipper sustainability preferences and integrated authority-imposed low-emission zones as constraints. A bi-objective approach was adopted, combining transportation and emission costs through a weighted sum method. Results: A case study on the Naples Bypass network (Italy) is presented, highlighting the model’s applicability in a real-world setting and demonstrating the effectiveness of collaborative transport planning. In addition, the model quantified the benefits of collaboration under low-emission zone (LEZ) constraints, showing notable reductions in both total costs and emissions. Conclusions: Overall, the proposed approach offers a valuable decision support tool for both carriers and policymakers, enabling sustainable freight transportation planning. Full article

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14 pages, 323 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Decision-Oriented Framework for Sustainable Supply Chain Redesign: A DEMATEL-Based Approach

by Iuliana Grecu, Roxana-Mariana Nechita, Flavia-Petruța-Georgiana Stochioiu, Oliver Ulerich, Corina-Ionela Dumitrescu and Cozmin Cristoiu

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 90; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030090 - 8 Jul 2025

Viewed by 424

Abstract

Background: Emerging economies face a strategic imperative to transform their supply chains, aiming for economic resilience, environmental responsibility, and social inclusivity. Methods: This study, employing the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method, identified and prioritized key drivers for this sustainable transformation. Results: [...] Read more.

Background: Emerging economies face a strategic imperative to transform their supply chains, aiming for economic resilience, environmental responsibility, and social inclusivity. Methods: This study, employing the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method, identified and prioritized key drivers for this sustainable transformation. Results: Expert input from supply chain professionals in various industrial sectors revealed five critical factors: top management commitment, stakeholder engagement, regulatory alignment, technological capability, and internal integration. Notably, technological capability and internal integration emerged as the most influential causal drivers, acting as crucial enablers for deeper, systemic change. These findings offer actionable insights for decision-makers in designing more effective transition strategies for logistics and supply chain systems, especially amidst rapid industrialization and escalating sustainability pressures. Conclusions: This research significantly contributes to the growing literature on strategic supply chain redesign, providing practical guidance for firms navigating sustainability transitions within complex, resource-constrained environments. Full article

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16 pages, 251 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Decision Analysis Framework for the Identification and Performance Preservation of Strategic Products in the Supply Chain

by Fatemeh Abbasnia, Mostafa Zandieh, Farzad Bahrami and Pourya Pourhejazy

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030089 - 1 Jul 2025

Viewed by 579

Abstract

Background: This study develops a decision-making framework for the identification and performance preservation of strategic products using a non-parametric analysis of items within the product portfolio. Methods: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the sensitivity analysis of Inverted Data Envelopment Analysis (IDEA) [...] Read more.

Background: This study develops a decision-making framework for the identification and performance preservation of strategic products using a non-parametric analysis of items within the product portfolio. Methods: Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and the sensitivity analysis of Inverted Data Envelopment Analysis (IDEA) are adapted to explore a new application area in growth product management. A field study from the retail sector of a developing economy is conducted to evaluate the method’s practicality. Results: This study suggests that the power of suppliers, product shelf life, and the ratio of sales to inventory are important supply chain considerations in identifying strategic products accommodated in Slow-Moving Consumer Goods (SMCG) supply chains. Conclusions: The field study shows that sensitivity analysis, in the new application area, provides insights for the identification and performance preservation of strategic items in a product portfolio. Data-driven solutions tailored to the operational needs of the case company and its different product categories conclude this article.. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Supplier, Government and Procurement Logistics)

17 pages, 682 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of Walkability in Shaping Shopping and Delivery Services: Insights into E-Consumer Behavior

by Leise Kelli de Oliveira, Rui Colaço, Gracielle Gonçalves Ferreira de Araújo and João de Abreu e Silva

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 88; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030088 - 1 Jul 2025

Viewed by 589

Abstract

Background: As e-commerce expands and delivery services diversifies, understanding the factors that shape consumer preferences becomes critical to designing efficient and sustainable urban logistics. This study examines how perceived walkability influences consumers’ preferences for shopping channels (in-store or online) and delivery methods [...] Read more.

Background: As e-commerce expands and delivery services diversifies, understanding the factors that shape consumer preferences becomes critical to designing efficient and sustainable urban logistics. This study examines how perceived walkability influences consumers’ preferences for shopping channels (in-store or online) and delivery methods (home delivery versus pickup points). Method: The analysis is based on structural equation modeling and utilizes survey data collected from 444 residents of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Results: The findings emphasize the importance of walkability in supporting weekday store visits, encouraging pickup for online purchases and fostering complementarity between different modes of purchase and delivery services. Perceived walkability positively affects the preference to buy in physical stores and increases the likelihood of using pickup points. Educated men, particularly those living in walkable areas, are the most likely to adopt pickup services. In contrast, affluent individuals and women are less likely to forgo home delivery in favor of pickup points. Conclusions: The results highlight the role of perceived walkability in encouraging in-person pickup as a sustainable alternative to home delivery, providing practical guidance for retailers, urban planners, and logistics firms seeking to align consumer convenience with sustainable delivery strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multi-Criteria Decision-Making and Its Application in Sustainable Smart Logistics—2nd Edition)

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29 pages, 540 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Influence of Supply Chain Ambidexterity on Supply Chain Sustainability: The Mediating Role of Green Product Innovation

by Luay Jum’a, Ahmed Adnan Zaid and Mohammed Othman

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 87; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030087 - 1 Jul 2025

Viewed by 698

Abstract

Background: This study conceptualizes supply chain ambidexterity through two capabilities, supply chain adaptability and agility. Accordingly, it investigates the impact of supply chain adaptability and agility on green product innovation (GPI) and supply chain sustainability in Jordanian manufacturing firms. It also examines [...] Read more.

Background: This study conceptualizes supply chain ambidexterity through two capabilities, supply chain adaptability and agility. Accordingly, it investigates the impact of supply chain adaptability and agility on green product innovation (GPI) and supply chain sustainability in Jordanian manufacturing firms. It also examines the mediating role of GPI in these relationships. The study is based on dynamic capabilities theory (DCT) as the theoretical foundation. Methods: A quantitative research approach was employed, with data collected from 346 supply chain managers using a structured questionnaire. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) was used for analysis. Results: The findings reveal that supply chain adaptability does not directly influence sustainability but significantly enhances GPI, which positively impacts sustainability. Supply chain agility, however, directly and significantly improves both GPI and sustainability, highlighting its importance in achieving sustainable supply chain performance. Additionally, GPI mediates the relationship between supply chain ambidexterity and sustainability, reinforcing its role as a key enabler of eco-friendly supply chain management. These findings provide theoretical and managerial implications. Conclusions: The study extends DCT by confirming the role of GPI in linking supply chain ambidexterity to sustainability. Managers should prioritize agility, invest in sustainable products, and adopt green practices to enhance competitiveness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Supply Chains and Logistics)

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30 pages, 2240 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Mapping the Landscape of Blockchain for Transparent and Sustainable Supply Chains: A Bibliometric and Thematic Analysis

by Félix Díaz, Rafael Liza and Nhell Cerna

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 86; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030086 - 30 Jun 2025

Viewed by 892

Abstract

Background: The increasing complexity of global supply chains has intensified the demand for transparency, traceability, security, and sustainability in logistics and operations. Blockchain technology enables decentralized, immutable frameworks that improve data integrity, automate transactions via smart contracts, and integrate seamlessly with the IoT [...] Read more.

Background: The increasing complexity of global supply chains has intensified the demand for transparency, traceability, security, and sustainability in logistics and operations. Blockchain technology enables decentralized, immutable frameworks that improve data integrity, automate transactions via smart contracts, and integrate seamlessly with the IoT and AI. Methods: This bibliometric review analyzes 559 peer-reviewed publications retrieved from Scopus and Web of Science using a PRISMA-guided protocol. Data were processed with Bibliometrix and Biblioshiny to examine scientific production, contributing institutions, author countries, collaboration patterns, thematic clusters, and keyword evolution. Results: The analysis reveals a 400% increase in publications after 2020, with China, India, and the USA leading in output but with limited international collaboration. Keyword co-occurrence and thematic mapping reveal dominant topics, including smart contracts, food supply chain traceability, and sustainability, as well as emerging themes such as decentralization, privacy, and the circular economy. Conclusions: The field is marked by interdisciplinary growth, yet it remains thematically and geographically fragmented. This review maps the intellectual structure of blockchain-enabled sustainable supply chains, offering insights for policymakers, developers, and industry leaders and outlining future research avenues centered on global cooperation, platform efficiency, and ethical and regulatory dimensions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current & Emerging Trends to Achieve Sustainable Supply Trends)

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23 pages, 3439 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Managing Home Healthcare System Using Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows: A Case Study in Chiang Mai, Thailand

by Sirilak Phonin, Chulin Likasiri, Radom Pongvuthithum and Kornphong Chonsiripong

Logistics 2025, 9(3), 85; https://doi.org/10.3390/logistics9030085 - 28 Jun 2025

Viewed by 754

Abstract

Background: The Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW) has been extensively researched due to its applicability across various real-world domains, including logistics, healthcare, and distribution systems. With the global elderly population projected to continue increasing, the demand for home healthcare (HHC) [...] Read more.

Background: The Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW) has been extensively researched due to its applicability across various real-world domains, including logistics, healthcare, and distribution systems. With the global elderly population projected to continue increasing, the demand for home healthcare (HHC) services is also on the rise. This work focuses on a specific application within an HHC system, aiming to minimize the total completion time for a fleet of vehicles delivering healthcare services to patients at home. Methods: We propose a mathematical model for the VRPTW, targeting a reduction in both customer and server waiting times on each route and seeking to decrease the total completion time. Our proposed algorithm employs a tabu search to narrow the search space, leveraging a greedy algorithm to establish the tabu list. Results: Our experimental results, based on Solomon’s benchmark datasets, demonstrate that the proposed algorithms achieve optimal solutions, particularly in minimizing total completion time compared to traditional methods, in a case study involving 400 customers where vehicles’ hours are restricted to align with caregivers’ average daily working hours. Conclusions: Our algorithm resulted in a 59% reduction in the number of vehicles required compared to the most recent algorithms, which combine k-mean clustering and local search. Full article

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Logistics, Volume 9, Issue 3 (September 2025) – 37 articles

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