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22 September 2025

RETRACTED: Shareef et al. Gastroprophylactic Effects of p-Cymene in Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats. Processes 2022, 10, 1314

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1
Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, College of Health Technology, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
2
Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
3
Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa 540011, Najaf Region, Iraq
4
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 77207, Saudi Arabia
This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Natural Plants
The journal Processes retracts the article “Gastroprophylactic Effects of p-Cymene in Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats” [1] cited above.
Following publication, concerns were brought to the attention of the Editorial Office regarding the integrity of a number of images presented in this publication, and the appropriateness of several papers cited in this article [1].
Adhering to our standard procedure, an investigation was conducted by the Editorial Office and Editorial Board that identified partial duplications within Figure 2 in this article [1], as well as duplications between Figure 3 in [1] and Figure 2 of an earlier publication [2], which was produced by a different research group and involved different experimental conditions. Although the authors initially cooperated, they were unable to provide satisfactorily explanations or supporting material to resolve the issues identified. Furthermore, the investigation identified that key sections of the paper rely on multiple retracted references which were seen to undermine the validity and reliability of the study’s findings. As a result, the Editorial Board has lost confidence in the reliability of the findings and has decided to retract the article [1] as per MDPI’s retraction policy (https://www.mdpi.com/ethics#_bookmark30, accessed on 5 August 2025).
This retraction was approved by the Editor-in-Chief of the journal Processes.
Dr. Morteta H. Al-Medhtiy and Mr. Yaseen Galali disagree with this retraction. The remaining authors did not provide a comment on this decision.

References

  1. Shareef, S.H.; Al-Medhtiy, M.H.; Ibrahim, I.A.A.; Alzahrani, A.R.; Jabbar, A.A.; Galali, Y.; Agha, N.F.S.; Aziz, P.Y.; Thabit, M.A.; Agha, D.N.F.; et al. RETRACTED: Gastroprophylactic Effects of p-Cymene in Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats. Processes 2022, 10, 1314. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [Scilit]
  2. Abdelwahab, S.; Sheikh, B.; Taha, M.; How, C.W.; Abdullah, R.; Yagoub, U.; El-Sunousi, R.; Eid, E.E.M. Thymoquinone-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: Preparation, Gastroprotection, In Vitro Toxicity, and Pharmacokinetic Properties after Extravascular Administration. 2013. Available online: https://www.dovepress.com/thymoquinone-loaded-nanostructured-lipid-carriers-preparation-gastropr-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJN (accessed on 5 August 2025).
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