RETRACTED: Shareef et al. Gastroprophylactic Effects of p-Cymene in Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats. Processes 2022, 10, 1314

Shareef, Suhayla H.; Al-Medhtiy, Morteta H.; Ibrahim, Ibrahim Abdel Aziz; Alzahrani, Abdullah R.; Jabbar, Ahmed Aj.; Galali, Yaseen; Agha, Nabaz Fisal Shakir; Aziz, Peshawa Y.; Thabit, Muthanna A.; Agha, Derin N. F.; Salehen, Nur Ain; Ameen, Zeena M.; Abdulla, Mahmood A.

doi:10.3390/pr13093019

Open AccessRetraction

RETRACTED: Shareef et al. Gastroprophylactic Effects of p-Cymene in Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats. Processes 2022, 10, 1314

by

Suhayla H. Shareef

^1,2,

Morteta H. Al-Medhtiy

³,

Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Ibrahim

⁴

,

Abdullah R. Alzahrani

⁴

,

Ahmed Aj. Jabbar

^5,*

,

Yaseen Galali

⁶

,

Nabaz Fisal Shakir Agha

⁷

,

Peshawa Y. Aziz

⁸

,

Muthanna A. Thabit

⁹,

Derin N. F. Agha

¹⁰,

Nur Ain Salehen

¹¹,

Zeena M. Ameen

¹²

and

Mahmood A. Abdulla

¹³

¹

Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis, College of Health Technology, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

²

Department of Biology, College of Education, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

³

Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Kufa, Kufa 540011, Najaf Region, Iraq

⁴

Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 77207, Saudi Arabia

⁵

Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Erbil Technical Health and Medical College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

⁶

Department of Food Technology, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, Salaheddin University-Erbil, Erbil 44002, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

⁷

Department of Anesthesia, Erbil Medical Technical Institute, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

⁸

Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Technical College of Applied Science, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah P.O. Box 394, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

⁹

Cambridge International School-Erbil, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

¹⁰

Department of Pharmacology, Erbil Medical Technical Institute, Erbil Polytechnical University, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

¹¹

Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia

¹²

Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Sciences, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

¹³

Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Science, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Show full affiliation list

Hide full affiliation list

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Processes 2025, 13(9), 3019; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13093019

Submission received: 27 August 2025 / Accepted: 8 September 2025 / Published: 22 September 2025

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Compounds from Natural Plants)

Download Versions Notes

The journal Processes retracts the article “Gastroprophylactic Effects of p-Cymene in Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats” [1] cited above.

Following publication, concerns were brought to the attention of the Editorial Office regarding the integrity of a number of images presented in this publication, and the appropriateness of several papers cited in this article [1].

Adhering to our standard procedure, an investigation was conducted by the Editorial Office and Editorial Board that identified partial duplications within Figure 2 in this article [1], as well as duplications between Figure 3 in [1] and Figure 2 of an earlier publication [2], which was produced by a different research group and involved different experimental conditions. Although the authors initially cooperated, they were unable to provide satisfactorily explanations or supporting material to resolve the issues identified. Furthermore, the investigation identified that key sections of the paper rely on multiple retracted references which were seen to undermine the validity and reliability of the study’s findings. As a result, the Editorial Board has lost confidence in the reliability of the findings and has decided to retract the article [1] as per MDPI’s retraction policy (https://www.mdpi.com/ethics#_bookmark30, accessed on 5 August 2025).

This retraction was approved by the Editor-in-Chief of the journal Processes.

Dr. Morteta H. Al-Medhtiy and Mr. Yaseen Galali disagree with this retraction. The remaining authors did not provide a comment on this decision.

References

Shareef, S.H.; Al-Medhtiy, M.H.; Ibrahim, I.A.A.; Alzahrani, A.R.; Jabbar, A.A.; Galali, Y.; Agha, N.F.S.; Aziz, P.Y.; Thabit, M.A.; Agha, D.N.F.; et al. RETRACTED: Gastroprophylactic Effects of p-Cymene in Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats. Processes 2022, 10, 1314. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Abdelwahab, S.; Sheikh, B.; Taha, M.; How, C.W.; Abdullah, R.; Yagoub, U.; El-Sunousi, R.; Eid, E.E.M. Thymoquinone-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers: Preparation, Gastroprotection, In Vitro Toxicity, and Pharmacokinetic Properties after Extravascular Administration. 2013. Available online: https://www.dovepress.com/thymoquinone-loaded-nanostructured-lipid-carriers-preparation-gastropr-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJN (accessed on 5 August 2025).

Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Shareef, S.H.; Al-Medhtiy, M.H.; Ibrahim, I.A.A.; Alzahrani, A.R.; Jabbar, A.A.; Galali, Y.; Agha, N.F.S.; Aziz, P.Y.; Thabit, M.A.; Agha, D.N.F.; et al. RETRACTED: Shareef et al. Gastroprophylactic Effects of p-Cymene in Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats. Processes 2022, 10, 1314. Processes 2025, 13, 3019. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13093019

AMA Style

Shareef SH, Al-Medhtiy MH, Ibrahim IAA, Alzahrani AR, Jabbar AA, Galali Y, Agha NFS, Aziz PY, Thabit MA, Agha DNF, et al. RETRACTED: Shareef et al. Gastroprophylactic Effects of p-Cymene in Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats. Processes 2022, 10, 1314. Processes. 2025; 13(9):3019. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13093019

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shareef, Suhayla H., Morteta H. Al-Medhtiy, Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Ibrahim, Abdullah R. Alzahrani, Ahmed Aj. Jabbar, Yaseen Galali, Nabaz Fisal Shakir Agha, Peshawa Y. Aziz, Muthanna A. Thabit, Derin N. F. Agha, and et al. 2025. "RETRACTED: Shareef et al. Gastroprophylactic Effects of p-Cymene in Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats. Processes 2022, 10, 1314" Processes 13, no. 9: 3019. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13093019

APA Style

Shareef, S. H., Al-Medhtiy, M. H., Ibrahim, I. A. A., Alzahrani, A. R., Jabbar, A. A., Galali, Y., Agha, N. F. S., Aziz, P. Y., Thabit, M. A., Agha, D. N. F., Salehen, N. A., Ameen, Z. M., & Abdulla, M. A. (2025). RETRACTED: Shareef et al. Gastroprophylactic Effects of p-Cymene in Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats. Processes 2022, 10, 1314. Processes, 13(9), 3019. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13093019

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Menu

RETRACTED: Shareef et al. Gastroprophylactic Effects of p-Cymene in Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats. Processes 2022, 10, 1314

References

Share and Cite

Article Metrics

Article Access Statistics

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI