Skip Content
You are currently on the new version of our website. Access the old version .

Risks, Volume 13, Issue 7

2025 July - 23 articles

Cover Story: This study examines the degree of alignment between the actual environmental performance and the ESG disclosures of 365 listed financial institutions in Europe for the fiscal year 2024. Although ESG reporting has become a standard practice in the financial sector, there are still concerns that the quality of the disclosure may not accurately reflect substantive environmental action, which increases the risk of greenwashing. This study addresses this issue by incorporating both ESG disclosure indicators and green accounting metrics into a multi-criteria decision-making framework. This framework is supported by entropy-based weighting to assure objectivity in criterion importance, as outlined in the PROMETHEE II method. View this paper
  • Issues are regarded as officially published after their release is announced to the table of contents alert mailing list .
  • You may sign up for email alerts to receive table of contents of newly released issues.
  • PDF is the official format for papers published in both, html and pdf forms. To view the papers in pdf format, click on the "PDF Full-text" link, and use the free Adobe Reader to open them.

Articles (23)

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,197 Views
15 Pages

21 July 2025

This paper enhances the calibration procedure for pricing spread options with liquidity risk. The novelty is the use of Chebyshev interpolation to fit the prices.Numerical experiments reveal that the calibrated parameters are close to the ones obtain...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
7,472 Views
30 Pages

20 July 2025

As investment portfolios become increasingly diversified and financial asset risks grow more complex, accurately forecasting the risk of multiple asset classes through mathematical modeling and identifying their heterogeneity has emerged as a critica...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,874 Views
32 Pages

A Novel Stochastic Copula Model for the Texas Energy Market

  • Sudeesha Warunasinghe and
  • Anatoliy Swishchuk

16 July 2025

The simulation of wind power, electricity load, and natural gas prices will allow commodity traders to see the future movement of prices in a more probabilistic manner. The ability to observe possible paths for wind power, electricity load, and natur...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,654 Views
27 Pages

The Role of Human Capital in Explaining Asset Return Dynamics in the Indian Stock Market During the COVID Era

  • Eleftherios Thalassinos,
  • Naveed Khan,
  • Mustafa Afeef,
  • Hassan Zada and
  • Shakeel Ahmed

11 July 2025

Over the past decade, multifactor models have shown enhanced capability compared to single-factor models in explaining asset return variability. Given the common assertion that higher risk tends to yield higher returns, this study empirically examine...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,522 Views
19 Pages

9 July 2025

This study explores the presence of hidden market regimes in a sector-specific stock index within the Thai equity market. The behavior of such indices often deviates from broader macroeconomic trends, making it difficult for conventional models to de...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,584 Views
32 Pages

Unmasking Greenwashing in Finance: A PROMETHEE II-Based Evaluation of ESG Disclosure and Green Accounting Alignment

  • George Sklavos,
  • Georgia Zournatzidou,
  • Konstantina Ragazou and
  • Nikolaos Sariannidis

9 July 2025

This study examines the degree of alignment between the actual environmental performance and the ESG disclosures of 365 listed financial institutions in Europe for the fiscal year 2024. Although ESG reporting has become a standard practice in the fin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,491 Views
19 Pages

8 July 2025

Healthcare cost acceleration and resource allocation issues have worsened across European health systems, where a small group of patients drives excessive healthcare spending. The prediction of high-cost utilization patterns is important for the sust...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
748 Views
32 Pages

7 July 2025

This paper is concerned with the choice of data granularity for the application of the Mack chain ladder model to forecast a loss reserve. It is a sequel to a related paper by Taylor, which considers the same question for the EDF chain ladder model....

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
3,737 Views
15 Pages

AI Risk Management: A Bibliometric Analysis

  • Adelaide Emma Bernardelli and
  • Paolo Giudici

7 July 2025

The growth of Artificial Intelligence applications requires the development of risk management models that can balance opportunities with risks. This paper contributes to the development of Artificial Intelligence risk management models by means of a...

of 3

Get Alerted

Add your email address to receive forthcoming issues of this journal.

XFacebookLinkedIn
Risks - ISSN 2227-9091