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Risks, Volume 13, Issue 7

2025 July - 23 articles

Cover Story: This study examines the degree of alignment between the actual environmental performance and the ESG disclosures of 365 listed financial institutions in Europe for the fiscal year 2024. Although ESG reporting has become a standard practice in the financial sector, there are still concerns that the quality of the disclosure may not accurately reflect substantive environmental action, which increases the risk of greenwashing. This study addresses this issue by incorporating both ESG disclosure indicators and green accounting metrics into a multi-criteria decision-making framework. This framework is supported by entropy-based weighting to assure objectivity in criterion importance, as outlined in the PROMETHEE II method. View this paper
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Articles (23)

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,279 Views
15 Pages

21 July 2025

This paper enhances the calibration procedure for pricing spread options with liquidity risk. The novelty is the use of Chebyshev interpolation to fit the prices.Numerical experiments reveal that the calibrated parameters are close to the ones obtain...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3 Citations
7,714 Views
30 Pages

20 July 2025

As investment portfolios become increasingly diversified and financial asset risks grow more complex, accurately forecasting the risk of multiple asset classes through mathematical modeling and identifying their heterogeneity has emerged as a critica...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,934 Views
32 Pages

A Novel Stochastic Copula Model for the Texas Energy Market

  • Sudeesha Warunasinghe and
  • Anatoliy Swishchuk

16 July 2025

The simulation of wind power, electricity load, and natural gas prices will allow commodity traders to see the future movement of prices in a more probabilistic manner. The ability to observe possible paths for wind power, electricity load, and natur...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,763 Views
27 Pages

The Role of Human Capital in Explaining Asset Return Dynamics in the Indian Stock Market During the COVID Era

  • Eleftherios Thalassinos,
  • Naveed Khan,
  • Mustafa Afeef,
  • Hassan Zada and
  • Shakeel Ahmed

11 July 2025

Over the past decade, multifactor models have shown enhanced capability compared to single-factor models in explaining asset return variability. Given the common assertion that higher risk tends to yield higher returns, this study empirically examine...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,607 Views
19 Pages

9 July 2025

This study explores the presence of hidden market regimes in a sector-specific stock index within the Thai equity market. The behavior of such indices often deviates from broader macroeconomic trends, making it difficult for conventional models to de...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,727 Views
32 Pages

Unmasking Greenwashing in Finance: A PROMETHEE II-Based Evaluation of ESG Disclosure and Green Accounting Alignment

  • George Sklavos,
  • Georgia Zournatzidou,
  • Konstantina Ragazou and
  • Nikolaos Sariannidis

9 July 2025

This study examines the degree of alignment between the actual environmental performance and the ESG disclosures of 365 listed financial institutions in Europe for the fiscal year 2024. Although ESG reporting has become a standard practice in the fin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,583 Views
19 Pages

8 July 2025

Healthcare cost acceleration and resource allocation issues have worsened across European health systems, where a small group of patients drives excessive healthcare spending. The prediction of high-cost utilization patterns is important for the sust...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
771 Views
32 Pages

7 July 2025

This paper is concerned with the choice of data granularity for the application of the Mack chain ladder model to forecast a loss reserve. It is a sequel to a related paper by Taylor, which considers the same question for the EDF chain ladder model....

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
3,885 Views
15 Pages

AI Risk Management: A Bibliometric Analysis

  • Adelaide Emma Bernardelli and
  • Paolo Giudici

7 July 2025

The growth of Artificial Intelligence applications requires the development of risk management models that can balance opportunities with risks. This paper contributes to the development of Artificial Intelligence risk management models by means of a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7,885 Views
16 Pages

4 July 2025

Globalization and the spread of technological innovations have made world markets and economies increasingly unified and conditioned by international trade, not only for sales markets but above all for the supply of raw materials necessary for the fu...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,761 Views
15 Pages

A Profitability and Risk Decomposition Analysis of the Open Economy Insurance Sector

  • Zdeněk Zmeškal,
  • Dana Dluhošová,
  • Karolina Lisztwanová and
  • Iveta Ratmanová

2 July 2025

The objective of this paper is to analyse profitability and risk through the return on equity (ROE) measure of the open economy insurance sector in a non-stable economic period with an economic shock chain, during the years 2018–2022, character...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,669 Views
15 Pages

1 July 2025

Machine learning applications in finance commonly employ feature decorrelation techniques developed for generic statistical problems. We investigate whether this practice appropriately addresses the unique characteristics of financial data, where cor...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
5,624 Views
21 Pages

Stock Market Hype: An Empirical Investigation of the Impact of Overconfidence on Meme Stock Valuation

  • Richard Mawulawoe Ahadzie,
  • Peterson Owusu Junior,
  • John Kingsley Woode and
  • Dan Daugaard

1 July 2025

This study investigates the relationship between overconfidence and meme stock valuation, drawing on panel data from 28 meme stocks listed from 2019 to 2024. The analysis incorporates key financial indicators, including Tobin’s Q ratio, market...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,109 Views
15 Pages

Gender Diverse Boardrooms and Earnings Manipulation: Does Democracy Matter?

  • Evangelos G. Varouchas,
  • Stavros E. Arvanitis and
  • Christos Floros

30 June 2025

We investigate the influence of boardroom gender diversity on earnings management. Drawing on a sample of European firms over the 2010–2023 period, we document an inverted U-shaped nexus between boardroom gender heterogeneity and earnings manip...

  • Article
  • Open Access
889 Views
38 Pages

28 June 2025

In the present study, we model the migration process and the changes in the market environment. The migration process is being modeled as an F-inhomogeneous semi-Markov process with fuzzy states. The evolution of the migration process takes plac...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,196 Views
27 Pages

27 June 2025

This paper introduces a methodology for estimating transition intensities in a multi-state model for disability and long-term care insurance. We propose a novel framework that integrates observable risk factors, such as demographic (age and sex), lif...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
3,471 Views
21 Pages

Determinants of Banking Profitability in Angola: A Panel Data Analysis with Dynamic GMM Estimation

  • Eurico Lionjanga Cangombe,
  • Luís Gomes Almeida and
  • Fernando Oliveira Tavares

27 June 2025

This study aims to analyze the determinants of bank profitability in Angola by employing panel data econometric models, specifically, the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM), to assess the impact of internal and external factors on the financial indi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,946 Views
20 Pages

26 June 2025

Capital investment in longevity science—research targeting the biological processes of aging through interventions like cellular reprogramming, AI-driven drug discovery, and biological age monitoring—may create significant divergence betw...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
3,121 Views
18 Pages

26 June 2025

The aim of this research is to thoroughly investigate the influence of the 2025 Donald Trump Presidential Inauguration on informational efficiency of the U.S. exchange-traded fund market in the context of political risk. The data set includes daily o...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,051 Views
18 Pages

24 June 2025

Using panel data spanning 2004–2023 of 21 countries in the MENA (Middle East and North Africa) region, we measure systemic risk and assess its influence on key banking sector performance indicators, including financial stability (proxied by com...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
719 Views
21 Pages

20 June 2025

This paper analyzes a parabolic operator L that generalizes several well-known operators commonly used in financial mathematics. We establish the existence and uniqueness of the Feller semigroup associated with L and derive its explicit analytical re...

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Risks - ISSN 2227-9091