Risks, Volume 13, Issue 9

The COVID-19 pandemic and the implementation of strict lockdown measures have significantly impacted various dimensions of the global economy. This study examines the impact of COVID-19 and lockdown stringency on exchange rate volatility in India usi...

This study investigates the nonlinear and regime-dependent relationship between climate policy uncertainty (CPU) and sovereign credit default swap (CDS) spreads across a panel of developed and emerging economies from February 2010 to March 2025. Util...

In this paper, we propose a novel optimization model for portfolio selection that integrates the classical mean–variance criterion with a second-order Tsallis entropy term. This approach enables a trade-off between expected return, risk, and di...

Inspired by the limited research regarding the influence of CEO succession origin on corporate misconduct, this study draws on organizational identification theory and agency theory to examine this issue. Empirical analysis indicates that insider CEO...

There is a growing need to provide AI risk management models that can assess whether AI applications are safe and trustworthy, to make them responsible. To date, there are a few research papers on this topic. To fill the gap, in this paper we extend...

Digitalization is reshaping entrepreneurship, yet the mechanisms that translate new technological possibilities into entrepreneurial intention remain poorly understood, especially for resource-constrained small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Bu...

This study examined the factor structure of Green, Grey, and Red EU securities using extended asset pricing models built on the Fama–French and Carhart frameworks. The findings show improved return predictability and consistently negative risk-...

In the dual risk model, while the ultimate ruin probability has an exact and straightforward formula, the mathematics becomes significantly more complex when considering a finite time horizon, and the literature on this topic is scarce. As a result,...

This study investigates how bank mergers and acquisitions (M&As) reshape the monitoring architecture of syndicated loans and, by extension, borrowers’ financing conditions. Using a global panel of 20,299 syndicated loan contracts, originati...

The global aviation sector underwent an unprecedented shock due to the COVID-19 pandemic, severely disrupting the passenger flows, flight operations, and revenues of Polish airports. In response, the government launched protective measures under the...