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Risks, Volume 13, Issue 6

June 2025 - 18 articles

Cover Story: Although levels of the European natural gas market surged after the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia–Ukraine conflict, the futures curve still shows a strong seasonal pattern. Pricing models must reflect this, ensuring consistency with no-arbitrage conditions on the risk-neutral drift of the spot price, where seasonality is embedded. On the other side, when considering future pricing options, constant volatility assumptions must be relaxed: accurate pricing requires incorporating both seasonality and time-varying volatility. View this paper
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Articles (18)

  • Article
  • Open Access
610 Views
14 Pages

Non-Uniqueness of Best-Of Option Prices Under Basket Calibration

  • Mohammed Ahnouch,
  • Lotfi Elaachak and
  • Abderrahim Ghadi

18 June 2025

This paper demonstrates that perfectly calibrating a multi-asset model to observed market prices of all basket call options is insufficient to uniquely determine the price of a best-of call option. Previous research on multi-asset option pricing has...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3,880 Views
26 Pages

17 June 2025

Accurate corporate credit ratings are essential for financial risk assessment; yet, traditional methodologies relying on manual evaluation and basic statistical models often fall short in dynamic economic conditions. This study investigated the poten...

  • Article
  • Open Access
895 Views
11 Pages

17 June 2025

Several empirical studies have attempted to clarify whether differences in regulations affect people’s behavior. However, due to a lack of data, few have attempted to clarify whether these differences affect the purchase of insurance. Therefore...

  • Article
  • Open Access
3,182 Views
25 Pages

17 June 2025

The relationship between ESG and firm performance is complex and tends to yield mixed results globally. In South Africa, ESG implementation is still in its infancy stage due to economic and developmental challenges. Despite these challenges, the JSE...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2,612 Views
21 Pages

16 June 2025

There has been growing interest among investors to include cryptocurrencies in their portfolios because of their diversification potential. However, the diversification role of cryptocurrencies when added to South African bank equities is yet to be d...

  • Article
  • Open Access
629 Views
20 Pages

13 June 2025

In this paper, we study perpetual American put options with a generalized standard put payoff and establish sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the associated pricing problem. As a key tool, we express the Black&...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,019 Views
20 Pages

Stochastic Uncertainty of Institutional Quality and the Corporate Capital Structure in the G8 and MENA Countries

  • Tarek Eldomiaty,
  • Islam Azzam,
  • Jasmine Fouad,
  • Hussein Mowafak Sadek and
  • Marwa Anwar Sedik

12 June 2025

This paper examines the impacts of observed versus uncertain (stochastic) institutional quality of corporate debt financing. This paper compares the impacts of two distinct levels of institutional quality in developed and developing economies. World...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,108 Views
19 Pages

Stock Returns’ Co-Movement: A Spatial Model with Convex Combination of Connectivity Matrices

  • Nadia Ben Abdallah,
  • Halim Dabbou,
  • Mohamed Imen Gallali and
  • Salem Hathroubi

5 June 2025

This paper examines the extent of stock-returns’ co-movements among firms in different countries and explores how various measures of closeness affect those co-movements by estimating a spatial autoregressive (SAR) convex combination model that...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,431 Views
15 Pages

4 June 2025

In recent years, scholars have been paying more attention to financial inclusion, which has been positioned as a crucial component in accomplishing the majority of the seventeen Sustainable Development Goals set forward by the United Nations. Investi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,934 Views
42 Pages

3 June 2025

The emergence of InsurTech has significantly transformed the traditional insurance industry, leading to the development of a new ecosystem characterized by digital intermediation, strategic partnerships, and increasing interdependence among actors. T...

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Risks - ISSN 2227-9091Creative Common CC BY license