Risks, Volume 13, Issue 12

This study examines the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosures on the firm valuation of non-financial firms listed in South Africa, using Tobin’s Q as a firm value proxy. Using a panel data approach of 642 firm-year o...

Background: Despite the apparent importance of global catastrophe risks (GCRs), human society has invested relatively little to reduce them. One possible reason is that we do not understand the significance of reducing GCRs, especially when measured...

This study examines the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to classify financial risks in micro-, small-, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in Montenegro and the wider Western Balkan region. The economies in this region share structural simi...

European Union legislation, particularly Council Directive 2004/113/EC, mandates gender neutrality in credit scoring to prevent discrimination. However, this creates a regulatory paradox if gender is a statistically relevant predictor of default risk...

The rapid growth of the consumer credit card market has introduced substantial regulatory and risk management challenges. To address these challenges, financial institutions increasingly adopt advanced machine learning models to improve default predi...

Understanding how ESG performance and corporate governance practices influence financial policies has become increasingly critical for investors, regulators, and other stakeholders. This study specifically examines the simultaneous independent effect...

This study investigates the relationship between emission performance, environmental disclosure, and firm value in Southeast Asia, where climate-related risks are increasingly shaping corporate strategies and investor decisions. Using a sample of 206...

Integrating Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) metrics into supply chain finance is critical for promoting sustainable development. However, the dynamic mechanisms through which real-time ESG performance influences credit allocation and, con...

Reducing stock price crash risk is vital for capital market stability, particularly in emerging economies such as China. This study investigates whether Employee Stock Ownership Plans (ESOPs) can mitigate crash risk by analyzing panel data from A-sha...

This study examines the portfolio optimization problem of an insurance company that issues an annuity, receives the associated premiums as a lump sum, and invests in a financial market. The insurer’s objective is to determine an investment stra...