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Risks, Volume 13, Issue 11

November 2025 - 21 articles

Cover Story: This paper introduces a new hybrid model, HAR-RV-CARMA, which combines the Heterogeneous Autoregressive model for Realized Volatility (HAR-RV) with the Continuous Autoregressive Moving Average (CARMA) model. The key innovation of this study lies in the use of a Kalman filter-based dynamic state weighting mechanism to optimally combine the predictive capabilities of both models while mitigating overfitting. The proposed model is applied to five major Covered Call Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs), QYLD, XYLD, RYLD, JEPI, and JEPQ, utilizing daily realized volatility data from 2019 to 2024. View this paper
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Articles (21)

  • Article
  • Open Access
420 Views
19 Pages

19 November 2025

This work looks for the optimal allocation of different assets, namely, the G7 stock indices, commodities (gold and WTI crude oil), cryptocurrencies (Bitcoin and Ripple), and S&P Green Bond, over four periods: before the COVID-19 crisis, during t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
685 Views
31 Pages

A Quantitative Analysis of Sustainable Finance Preferences: Choice Patterns, Personality Traits and Gender in SDG 7 Investments

  • Carlos Díaz-Caro,
  • Francisco-Javier Fragoso Martínez,
  • Eva Crespo-Cebada and
  • Ángel-Sabino Mirón Sanguino

18 November 2025

The analysis carried out in this work shows that sustainable investment decisions aimed at SDG 7 are mainly driven by objective financial attributes, especially the level of risk and the type of providing institution. The empirical analysis is based...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
295 Views
25 Pages

Structural Changes in Persistence of Mortality

  • Wanying Fu,
  • Barry R. Smith and
  • Patrick Brewer

18 November 2025

Recent researchers have observed that long-memory is prevalent in mortality data. Related to a quantifiable measure of persistence, it is an important characteristic of mortality dynamics. However, prior researchers did not consider potential change...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,257 Views
16 Pages

10 November 2025

This study investigates the volatility of the Israeli corporate bond market, where corporate bonds are traded on a Limit Order Book (LOB) exchange with high retail trading activity. Using data from the Tel-Bond 20 and Tel-Bond 60 indices, we estimate...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,023 Views
16 Pages

6 November 2025

This paper introduces a new hybrid model, HAR-RV-CARMA, which combines the Heterogeneous Autoregressive model for Realized Volatility (HAR-RV) with the Continuous Autoregressive Moving Average (CARMA) model. The key innovation of this study lies in t...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
925 Views
26 Pages

Volatility Spillovers and Market Decoupling: Evidence from BRICS and China’s Green Sector

  • Darko B. Vuković,
  • Dmitrii Leonidovich Fefelov,
  • Michael Frömmel and
  • Elena Moiseevna Rogova

6 November 2025

The global economic importance of green tech is rising. Yet the role of the green financial sector in the propagation of volatility is still unclear. Although the existing literature often characterizes green assets as stable, the new risks, particul...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
487 Views
17 Pages

5 November 2025

This study investigates the leverage effect and realized volatility (RV) of stocks in the presence of asymmetric jumps across economic expansions and contractions. We extend the heterogeneous autoregressive-realized volatility (HAR-RV) model by incor...

  • Article
  • Open Access
360 Views
17 Pages

5 November 2025

Modeling loss data is a crucial aspect of actuarial science. In the insurance industry, small claims occur frequently, while large claims are rare. Traditional heavy-tail distributions, such as Weibull, Log-Normal, and Inverse Gaussian distributions,...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,499 Views
39 Pages

Determinants of Internal Control System Effectiveness: Evidence from Greek Listed Companies

  • Vasileios Giannopoulos,
  • Antonios Lymperopoulos,
  • Spyridon Kariofyllas and
  • Charalampos Kariofyllas

5 November 2025

This paper examines the interrelationship between Corporate Governance (CG), Internal Control System (ICS), and Organizational Performance (OP), with a particular focus on the effectiveness of the ICS in relation to the quality of its components. Dra...

  • Article
  • Open Access
706 Views
13 Pages

The Asymmetric Effects of Geopolitical Risks on Vietnam’s Exports

  • Loc Dong Truong,
  • Ngoc Thao Nguyen and
  • Dung Tri Nguyen

4 November 2025

This study is devoted to investigating the asymmetric effects of geopolitical risks (GPRs) on Vietnam’ exports during the period from January 2010 to December 2024. Using a nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag (NARDL) bounds testing model,...

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Risks - ISSN 2227-9091