Mathematics, Volume 14, Issue 9

Technological progress reduces carbon emissions by promoting energy structure optimization while fostering new industries and improving efficiency, thus achieving a win–win situation for economic growth and low-carbon development. From the pers...

The synergistic development of digitalization and greening is an important lever for China to accelerate the formation of new quality productive forces. This study adopted the global entropy method and coupling coordination degree model to measure th...

Accurate impact localization on spacecraft structural panels subjected to contact loading by on-orbit servicing robots is critical for real-time structural health monitoring (SHM), yet remains challenging due to heterogeneous elastic wave propagation...

Complete permutation polynomials have many applications in mathematics and cryptography. In this paper, we study the complete permutation property of polynomial $xh{\left(x^{q-1}\right)}^{q+1}$ over ${\mathbb{F}}_{q^2}$, where $h\left(x\right)=h_1(x+x^q)+h_2(x+x^q)x^k$. Based on the trace functions...

We propose a unified additive–multiplicative optimization framework, termed hybrid multiplicative gradient decomposition (HMGD), for training machine learning models. Unlike conventional gradient-based methods that rely solely on additive param...

This paper proposes an efficient algorithm that integrates a variable neighborhood search (VNS) framework with an adaptive voxel discretization for the three-dimensional irregular packing problem. The problem arises in additive manufacturing, logisti...

In this paper, a sugarcane pokkah boeng SEIR model with time delay due to removal or chemical treatment of diseased sugarcane plants is investigated. By analyzing the characteristic equations, the stability of each feasible equilibrium of the system...

Text-attributed graphs (TAGs) require models to jointly exploit node text and graph structure, yet doing so effectively remains difficult when node text is sparse and the structural context is large. Here, we propose STAGE (Semantic and Topological A...

The visible light and infrared thermal multimodal images in autonomous driving provide a wealth of information for pedestrian detection, and its challenge lies in utilizing the complementary information across modalities to obtain an optimal joint re...

Researchers often develop ordinal hazard distributions, whether increasing or decreasing, into multi-parameter distributions to derive various forms of the hazard function. This process necessitates the formulation of a multi-parameter hazard functio...

Currently, the research on academic early warning assessment and prediction for college students under the credit system in colleges and universities is mainly based on methods such as machine learning. However, the existing prediction models often h...

Active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) is attractive because it estimates and compensates a lumped “total disturbance” with limited plant information, but privacy-sensitive networked deployment, measurement-noise amplification, and a...

The strong edge coloring of a graph G is an assignment of colors to the edges of G such that two distinct edges are colored differently if they are incident to a common edge or share an endpoint. The strong chromatic index of a graph G, denoted by ${\mathrm{\&c}}_{}^{}$...

This paper presents a meshless collocation technique for the fourth-order transient stream function formulation of the Navier–Stokes equations. The technique employs a hybrid kernel function and is augmented by the ghost point method and Picard...

In recent years, China’s digital economy has become a key engine for high-quality development. Assessing the operational efficiency of leading digital enterprises is crucial for optimizing resource allocation and promoting sectoral growth. Howe...

We study truncation-compatible families $F={\left(F_m\right)}_{m\ge 1}$ over $\mathbb{Q}\left[z\right]$ through an inverse-limit formalism, and we evaluate them at the punctured cyclotomic cosine points ${\alpha }_{k,n}=cos(2\pi k/n)$ with the specialization $z=n-1$. For symmetric families of...

Deep neural networks have been remarkably successful in high-dimensional learning and scientific computing, often succeeding where classical discretization methods fail due to the curse of dimensionality. This efficacy is often explained by their app...

This paper extends the theory of equivalence canonical forms from quaternion matrices to quaternion tensors under the Einstein product. Motivated by recent results on the simultaneous decomposition of two specific configurations of five quaternion ma...

In this paper, we study the homotopy theory of single intersection graphs arising from acting spaces over topological semigroups. An acting space $(\mathcal{S},\mathcal{B})$ is defined as a topological space $\mathcal{B}$ equipped with a continuous action of a topological semigroup $\mathcal{S}$...

An adaptive progressive first-failure censoring scheme is used to enhance the efficiency of statistical analyses and minimize test time in life-testing experiments. This paper focuses on statistical inferences for the unknown parameters, survival, an...

This paper investigates a class of third-order partial differential equations with an unbounded lower-order coefficient in the Hilbert space $L_2\left({\mathbb{R}}^2\right)$. The study is motivated by the wide use of third-order equations, particularly of Korteweg–de Vr...

We develop a design-aware framework that combines penalized prediction and causal inference for finite populations observed through complex survey designs. The framework integrates survey-weighted pseudo-likelihoods, ${\mathsf{\ell }}_1$-penalized estimation, Ne...

Global reliance on wind energy continues to grow, leading to an increasing number of wind farms implemented in complex topographies. However, there remains a significant research gap on how the terrain’s features affect the wake recovery, espec...

This paper introduces the concepts of the augmented Zarankiewicz number $z_A(m,n)$ and the limited augmented Zarankiewicz number $z_L(m,n)$, which are natural combinatorial extensions of the classical Zarankiewicz number. These numbers arise from augmented...

In research on electro-hydraulic servo systems, nonlinearity deeply affects dynamic performance, such as the output of hydraulic actuators and the generation of control signals, leading to response hysteresis and control complexity. Moreover, during...

In this study, we propose a general mathematical modelling framework based on the characteristics of elite athletes’ movements in the touch rugby matches to investigate the dynamic relationship between physical workload and injury risk over tim...

Comparison of two or multiple groups based on dichotomous items is a central task in item response theory (IRT) linking. This article considers the two-parameter logistic scaling model under sparse differential item functioning (DIF) in item intercep...

In this paper, we continue to investigate the norm inequality for three real matrices that was recently conjectured by L. László. We establish the validity of the conjecture for the case where $n=2$ and one of the matrices is normal.

We consider Riemann soliton vector fields and Ricci bi-conformal vector fields on the oscillator group. We prove that the oscillator group admits Riemann solitons. Subsequently, we provide a complete classification of all Ricci bi-conformal vector fi...

To overcome the limitations of the original Ivy Algorithm (IVYA), including insufficient population diversity, limited step-size adaptability, and premature convergence, this paper proposes a multi-strategy enhanced Ivy optimization algorithm (MEIVYA...

This paper investigates pricing formulas for geometric average and arithmetic average Asian call and put options under an uncertain exponential Ornstein–Uhlenbeck stock model. Employing the $\alpha$-path technique from uncertainty theory, we der...

In the context of evasive maneuvering for exo-atmospheric vehicles, reinforcement learning and other data-driven decision-making techniques have been explored extensively. However, most existing studies focus on scenarios where interceptors use a sin...

The Expectation-Maximisation (EM) algorithm is widely used for maximum likelihood estimation in incomplete data problems such as mixture modelling, but it often converges slowly, particularly when mixture components overlap substantially. This study...

Reversible data hiding (RDH) enables the reversible embedding of additional data into cover media, allowing the cover media to be perfectly recovered after extracting the embedded data. RDH relies on accurate prediction of pixels to generate sharply...

This study examines the distances between consecutive generalized zeros of first-order difference equations with several variable delays. We develop new techniques to obtain the upper bounds for these distances. The results are not only new, but they...

In this paper, we propose a secure protocol to compute the quadratic optimisation problem under a three-party outsourcing architecture in the scenario of cyber-physical systems. To enable real-world implementation, we propose an encoding framework th...

This article investigates the geometric and structural properties of almost pure metric pseudo-F-manifolds, with a focus on Walker 4-manifolds. We analyze integrability conditions and characterize pure metric pseudo-F-Kählerian Walker manifolds,...

This study formulates closed-form solution expressions for linear discrete matrix equations that involve several time delays, without requiring the coefficient matrices or the non-homogeneous term to commute. Using a generalized multinomial series an...

With the rapid development of new energy vehicles, fast and reliable prediction of power battery collision damage has become increasingly important. Traditional finite-element analysis is computationally expensive and difficult to deploy for rapid pr...

Machine Learning (ML) is increasingly used across scientific domains, raising concerns about the reproducibility of published results. Reproducibility is a fundamental principle of scientific research, yet many ML research works remain difficult to r...

Motivated by the original idea of defending the Roman Empire, all these domination concepts can be interpreted as vertex-labeling schemes that model the allocation of resources to protect a graph against attacks. A Roman dominating function (RDF) is...

With the mounting public concern for life safety, the rapid development of machine learning in the medical field has garnered significant attention. To address the privacy challenges associated with medical data, federated learning (FL) has emerged a...

Efficient calibration is essential for the practical application of option pricing models. The Fractional Stochastic Volatility Jump Diffusion (FVSJ) model can reproduce several stylized features observed in option markets, including the volatility s...

This study investigates the impact of standby activation strategies on system reliability. The results show that a delayed activation strategy effectively improves system reliability. Additionally, to tackle the difficulty of deriving analytical solu...

We construct positional numeral systems that work natively over nonderived polyadic $\left(m,n\right)$-rings whose addition takes m arguments and multiplication takes n. In such rings, the length of an admissible additive word and a multiplicative tower are not arb...

This paper addresses active-mode detection for switched discrete-time Takagi–Sugeno systems from noisy input–output data under candidate-dependent input correction and uncertainty in data-driven observability subspaces. A lifted input&nda...

Reliable anomaly early warning for hydropower station sump wells remains challenging due to the strong nonlinearity of water level dynamics and the limited adaptability of conventional fixed-threshold alarms. Here, we present a hybrid deep learning f...

In this paper, we investigate the structure of primitive Leibniz algebras via their maximal subalgebras and minimal ideals. Using a two-sided definition of the centraliser, we show that the centraliser of a minimal ideal is again an ideal. Unlike the...

Motor Imagery (MI)-based brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) offer promising solutions for enhancing communication and motor functions in individuals with neurological impairments. However, decoding EEG signals accurately is difficult because of t...

This paper presents a theoretically grounded integration of deterministic Q-learning with relational game theory (QLRG) for efficiently identifying minimal winning coalitions in Online Social Networks (OSNs). We address the fundamental challenge that...