Mathematics, Volume 14, Issue 10

This paper studies structural properties of semiprimes $N=pq$ in computational number theory, focusing on cases where the prime factors are close. We analyze the relationship between $\sqrt{N}$ and $\sqrt{\phi \left(N\right)}$ and show that, under a bounded prime gap condition, th...

The new projective solutions methods (PSMs) for solving the Stokes, Oseen, and Brinkman flow problems are presented in this paper. They automatically satisfy the governing equations and are therefore Trefftz-type methods. Utilizing the third-order fo...

Quantitative characterization of permeability in porous media represents a central problem in filtration theory, geosciences, and materials engineering. Standard numerical approaches, including finite element methods and Lattice Boltzmann simulations...

Reliable solar energy harvesting demands advanced control strategies capable of maintaining thermal precision despite inherent environmental unpredictability. This research addresses the critical challenge of temperature regulation in the solar furna...

This paper investigates the adaptive prescribed performance fixed-time control problem for uncertain strict-feedback nonlinear systems in the presence of unknown control coefficients and actuator faults. A switching-based control strategy is develope...

In this paper, we investigate Noether’s problem concerning the rationality of the field of invariants $k\left(G\right)$ for finite abelian groups G of odd order. We establish necessary and sufficient conditions for the rationality of the extension $k\left(G\right)$ over...

After more than a century of unremitting efforts by scholars, nonlinear analysis has found widespread and important applications in many fields that are at the core of many branches of pure and applied mathematics, including functional analysis, fixe...

This paper investigates the estimation of the stress–strength reliability parameter $R=P(Y<X)$ when both stress and strength follow independent Garhy distributions under progressive Type-II censoring schemes. A closed-form expression for $\mathit{R}$ is ...

Infectious disease transmission is a complex dynamic process governed by intrinsic causal mechanisms rather than simple statistical correlations. Although deep learning paradigms have demonstrated powerful nonlinear representation capabilities, their...

This paper studies the compressible spherically symmetric Euler equations with a vacuum free boundary, a fundamental model for astrophysical gas dynamics. We rigorously resolve an open problem by proving that nontrivial homogeneous linear velocity so...

To address the low qubit efficiency and high user-side operational complexity in existing quantum key agreement schemes, this paper proposes a high-efficiency and lightweight quantum key agreement scheme based on Bell states. The scheme is constructe...

Heterogeneity in survival data poses substantial challenges for identifying appropriate mixture structures. The $\alpha$-mixture family provides a flexible class of survival models that generalizes standard mixture formulations through a continuous we...

Fake news often exhibits pronounced bias and misleading content. To foster a harmonious information environment, there is an urgent need for rapid fake news identification. Fake news detection can assess news authenticity by analyzing multidimensiona...

This systematic literature review (SLR) synthesizes current research on integrating machine learning (ML) into robust optimization (RO) frameworks for solving Green Vehicle Routing Problems (Green-VRP) under uncertainty. The key contributions include...

This study addresses distributed decision-making in multi-agent systems under shared constraints. Existing methods often fail to guarantee strict constraint satisfaction or require sensitive parameter tuning. We propose a novel algorithm that integra...

Large language models (LLMs) frequently produce text that is fluent yet factually inconsistent with source documents. Detecting such inconsistency remains challenging, particularly when errors involve subtle entity substitutions, temporal distortions...

Ship structural failure mode classification still relies heavily on subjective expert judgment, which is time-consuming and may introduce uncertainty in safety assessment. Although deep learning provides a promising avenue for automation, many existi...

Anchor-based bipartite graph methods provide scalable solutions for multi-view clustering, but most of them construct graphs in the original feature space, where high dimensionality distorts the proximity between samples and anchors and degrades grap...

This paper investigates the fractional calculus of distributions supported on ${\mathbb{R}}^{+}$ in the sense of L. Schwartz, based on distributional convolutions. We further study a generalized Bagley–Torvik equation involving an arbitrary number of fractiona...

For nonlinear problems in robotic systems, such as parametric uncertainties and external disturbances, this paper proposes a control method based on bilateral dual-kernel fuzzy control. To address the issue that joint angular velocities cannot be dir...

The recycling and reuse of discarded express delivery cartons can yield environmental, economic, and social benefits. A key factor influencing the volume of express packaging collected is the uncertainty in the total amount of such packaging within t...

The Collatz conjecture concerns the iteration of the map $f\left(n\right)=3n+1$ for odd n and $f\left(n\right)=n/2$ for even n. In this paper, we study the level sets $l_x=\{n\in \mathbb{N}\mid L\left(n\right)=x\}$, where $L\left(n\right)$ denotes the Collatz length. Using the parity representation of Collatz...

This paper investigates the synchronization problem for a class of master–slave neural networks with state-dependent impulses. Different from fixed-time impulsive systems, the impulsive instants considered here depend on the current states of t...

This paper develops an analytical treatment of vibro-acoustic wave propagation in a cylindrical waveguide containing two clamped elastic membranes and a central flexible-shell segment. The acoustic field obeys the time-harmonic Helmholtz equation, th...

Iterative learning contouring control (ILCC) improves contouring accuracy in multi-axis motion systems via the equivalent contour error formulation. However, its convergence strongly depends on the learning gain. Large gains may induce overly aggress...

This work develops a geometric and statistical framework for analyzing the structure of biological sequences and explores its implications for understanding the emergence and evolution of life. Motivated by questions concerning the transition from pr...

In this paper, we explore specific fixed-point outcomes under a Mukherjea-Type nonlinear description of almost contractions in a metric space with a locally ℏ-transitive binary relation. Numerous previous insights are expanded, developed, impro...

Requirements for robustness and performance in the frequency domain in control theory are usually formulated as constraints on the modulus of complex functions describing the open-loop system, the sensitivity function, and the complementary sensitivi...

Reliable forecasting of seismic activity trends is essential for regional seismic hazard analysis. Based on earthquake catalogs from 1500 to 2026, this study investigates the spatiotemporal evolution of seismic activity in the North-South Seismic Bel...

This study considers the digital transformation of Kazakhstan’s agro-industrial complex, which has created an urgent need for scientifically grounded methods that can optimize marketing strategies under conditions of resource limitations, produ...

With increasing emphasis on sustainable construction, fibre reinforcement of soils presents a viable approach for enhancing mechanical performance while minimising environmental impact. This study investigates the influence of fibreglass fibres (0&nd...

This paper investigates a tracking control problem for a class of strict-feedback nonlinear systems with time delays, asymmetric output constraints, and deception attacks on the controller. First, by introducing a new error conversion technology, any...

We introduce a cover-based formulation of topological sensitivity and sensitivity at a point for continuous self-maps on locally compact spaces, extending the classical metric framework. Using the one-point compactification, we analyze the basin of a...

This paper probes into the propagation characteristics of Rayleigh waves in a partially saturated, porous, thermo-viscoelastic half-space, with full consideration of the fractional viscoelastic effect and thermal coupling effect. A fractional Zener m...

The security of Module Learning With Errors (MLWE) relies on the assumption that the public matrix is sampled uniformly and forms a full-rank operator. In this work, we examine the structural consequences of relaxing this assumption by considering pu...

We extend the modified BFGS algorithm to a limited-memory framework, and propose a self-adaptive limited-memory quasi-Newton method, denoted as LADBFGS, for large-scale unconstrained optimization. The proposed method fully exploits function value inf...

Point cloud scene flow estimation aims to capture the three-dimensional motion of each point in a sequence of point clouds. Although progress has occurred in this field, existing methods often face significant challenges. In particular, two key issue...

In this paper, we develop a Legendre spectral operational matrix method for the numerical solution of two-dimensional Volterra–Fredholm integro-differential equations subject to mixed boundary conditions. The proposed approach transforms the ph...

We propose the higher-order quasi-Newton (HOQN) method, a hybrid algorithm for unconstrained optimization that combines Newtonian predictors with higher-order correctors derived from vector extensions of the Traub, Chun, and Ostrowski methods, along...

Accurate tail-risk measurement in carbon markets is challenging because carbon allowance prices are shaped not only by heavy-tailed return dynamics, but also by policy changes that can alter the underlying risk dynamics. Models that ignore such struc...

This paper presents a TD3-based reinforcement learning framework for adaptive PID-like control of uncertain dynamical systems. Although proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control remains widely used because of its simplicity, interpre...

Multimodal emotion recognition is challenging because behavioral signals and physiological responses evolve at different temporal rates. Facial expressions and speech often change rapidly after an emotional event, whereas peripheral biosignals such a...

In a calcined clay rotary cooler, the flow behavior and heat transfer characteristics of the granular bed are key factors determining the cooling efficiency. In this study, an Euler–Euler multiphase model coupled with the kinetic theory of gran...

The integration of quantitative mathematical methods and artificial intelligence into agricultural monitoring systems represents a critical pathway toward data-driven decision-making in the contemporary precision agriculture economy. This study appli...

This paper investigates the nonlinear dynamics of a decision delay duopoly model that characterizes the competitive landscape within China’s Low-Temperature Milk market. These dynamics include equilibrium points, period-doubling bifurcations, c...

This study presents a methodology for forecasting municipal water consumption to support efficient resource management. Using monthly data from 2018 to 2022 for the municipality of Vouzela, Portugal, three forecasting approaches were evaluated: SARIM...

Safety gear detection in complex industrial environments faces challenges such as strong background interference, multi-scale spatial perturbations, and the loss of small target features. Furthermore, existing attention-based object detection methods...

Monocular 3D multi-object tracking (3D MOT) remains challenging because it is hard to model how objects move over time and to keep correct identities without explicit depth information. In this context, we introduce D3SSTrack, a novel tracking-by-det...

Explainable artificial intelligence is increasingly needed in high-stakes tabular classification, where predictions should be accurate, auditable, and easy to inspect. We propose GRS-ANFIS, a role-separated neuro-fuzzy model that decomposes inference...

This paper investigates the oscillation properties of solutions to a second-order nonlinear difference equation in noncanonical form with bounded and unbounded neutral terms. By employing the monotonicity of the neutral term together with a lineariza...