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Proteomes, Volume 5, Issue 3 (September 2017) – 10 articles

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5488 KiB  
Article
Interaction of Recombinant Gallus gallus SEPT5 and Brain Proteins of H5N1-Avian Influenza Virus-Infected Chickens
by Jasmine Elanie Khairat, Vinod Balasubramaniam, Iekhsan Othman, Abdul Rahman Omar and Sharifah Syed Hassan
Proteomes 2017, 5(3), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/proteomes5030023 - 12 Sep 2017
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4639
Abstract
Septin forms a conserved family of cytoskeletal guanosine triphosphate (GTP) binding proteins that have diverse roles in protein scaffolding, vesicle trafficking, and cytokinesis. The involvement of septins in infectious viral disease pathogenesis has been demonstrated by the upregulation of SEPT5 protein and its [...] Read more.
Septin forms a conserved family of cytoskeletal guanosine triphosphate (GTP) binding proteins that have diverse roles in protein scaffolding, vesicle trafficking, and cytokinesis. The involvement of septins in infectious viral disease pathogenesis has been demonstrated by the upregulation of SEPT5 protein and its mRNA in brain tissues of H5N1-infected chickens, thus, providing evidence for the potential importance of this protein in the pathogenesis of neurovirulence caused by the avian influenza virus. In this study, cloning, expression, and purification of Gallus gallus SEPT5 protein was performed in Escherichia coli. The SEPT5 gene was inserted into the pRSETB expression vector, transformed in the E. coli BL21 (DE3) strain and the expression of SEPT5 protein was induced by IPTG. The SEPT5 protein was shown to be authentic as it was able to be pulled down by a commercial anti-SEPT5 antibody in a co-immunoprecipitation assay. In vivo aggregation of the recombinant protein was limited by cultivation at a reduced temperature of 16 °C. Using co-immunoprecipitation techniques, the purified recombinant SEPT5 protein was used to pull down host’s interacting or binding proteins, i.e., proteins of brains of chickens infected with the H5N1 influenza virus. Interacting proteins, such as CRMP2, tubulin proteins, heat-shock proteins and other classes of septins were identified using LCMS/MS. Results from this study suggest that the codon-optimized SEPT5 gene can be efficiently expressed in the E. coli bacterial system producing authentic SEPT5 protein, thus, enabling multiple host’s proteins to interact with the SEPT5 protein. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Proteomic Analysis of Host-Microbial Pathogen Interactions)
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600 KiB  
Article
A Microsomal Proteomics View of H2O2- and ABA-Dependent Responses
by May Alqurashi, Ludivine Thomas, Chris Gehring and Claudius Marondedze
Proteomes 2017, 5(3), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/proteomes5030022 - 18 Aug 2017
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 5434
Abstract
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) modulates a number of plant developmental processes and responses to stress. In planta, ABA has been shown to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through the action of plasma membrane-associated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-oxidases. Although quantitative [...] Read more.
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) modulates a number of plant developmental processes and responses to stress. In planta, ABA has been shown to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production through the action of plasma membrane-associated nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-oxidases. Although quantitative proteomics studies have been performed to identify ABA- or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-dependent proteins, little is known about the ABA- and H2O2-dependent microsomal proteome changes. Here, we examined the effect of 50 µM of either H2O2 or ABA on the Arabidopsis microsomal proteome using tandem mass spectrometry and identified 86 specifically H2O2-dependent, and 52 specifically ABA-dependent proteins that are differentially expressed. We observed differential accumulation of proteins involved in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle notably in response to H2O2. Of these, aconitase 3 responded to both H2O2 and ABA. Additionally, over 30 proteins linked to RNA biology responded significantly to both treatments. Gene ontology categories such as ‘response to stress’ and ‘transport’ were enriched, suggesting that H2O2 or ABA directly and/or indirectly cause complex and partly overlapping cellular responses. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD006513. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Proteomics 2017)
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993 KiB  
Review
Role of Salivary Biomarkers in Detection of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD)
by Saad Abdul Rehman, Zohaib Khurshid, Fayez Hussain Niazi, Mustafa Naseem, Hamed Al Waddani, Haafsa Arshad Sahibzada and Rabia Sannam Khan
Proteomes 2017, 5(3), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/proteomes5030021 - 07 Aug 2017
Cited by 47 | Viewed by 8637
Abstract
Human whole mouth saliva (WMS) is secreted by salivary glands, namely parotid, submandibular/sublingual and other minor glands of the oral cavity. It is secreted in a systematic way, and contain informative proteins and peptides for the early detection of contagious diseases and organ-related [...] Read more.
Human whole mouth saliva (WMS) is secreted by salivary glands, namely parotid, submandibular/sublingual and other minor glands of the oral cavity. It is secreted in a systematic way, and contain informative proteins and peptides for the early detection of contagious diseases and organ-related diseases. The role of WMS as a liquid biopsy for the detection of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) through Myoglobin (MYO), Cardiac troponin I (cTnI), Creatine phosphokinase MB (CK-MB), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), Exosomal miRNA, C-Reactive Protein (CRP), Matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), MMP-9 and tissue inhibitor of MMP-8 (TIMP-1), leukotriene B4 has been well reported in last decade, that have been reviewed in the literature comprehensively below. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Proteomic Biomarkers in Human Diseases)
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7608 KiB  
Article
mzStudio: A Dynamic Digital Canvas for User-Driven Interrogation of Mass Spectrometry Data
by Scott B. Ficarro, William M. Alexander and Jarrod A. Marto
Proteomes 2017, 5(3), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/proteomes5030020 - 01 Aug 2017
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 4850
Abstract
Although not yet truly ‘comprehensive’, modern mass spectrometry-based experiments can generate quantitative data for a meaningful fraction of the human proteome. Importantly for large-scale protein expression analysis, robust data pipelines are in place for identification of un-modified peptide sequences and aggregation of these [...] Read more.
Although not yet truly ‘comprehensive’, modern mass spectrometry-based experiments can generate quantitative data for a meaningful fraction of the human proteome. Importantly for large-scale protein expression analysis, robust data pipelines are in place for identification of un-modified peptide sequences and aggregation of these data to protein-level quantification. However, interoperable software tools that enable scientists to computationally explore and document novel hypotheses for peptide sequence, modification status, or fragmentation behavior are not well-developed. Here, we introduce mzStudio, an open-source Python module built on our multiplierz project. This desktop application provides a highly-interactive graphical user interface (GUI) through which scientists can examine and annotate spectral features, re-search existing PSMs to test different modifications or new spectral matching algorithms, share results with colleagues, integrate other domain-specific software tools, and finally create publication-quality graphics. mzStudio leverages our common application programming interface (mzAPI) for access to native data files from multiple instrument platforms, including ion trap, quadrupole time-of-flight, Orbitrap, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization, and triple quadrupole mass spectrometers and is compatible with several popular search engines including Mascot, Proteome Discoverer, X!Tandem, and Comet. The mzStudio toolkit enables researchers to create a digital provenance of data analytics and other evidence that support specific peptide sequence assignments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Proteomics)
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1976 KiB  
Article
A Combination of Histological, Physiological, and Proteomic Approaches Shed Light on Seed Desiccation Tolerance of the Basal Angiosperm Amborella trichopoda
by Matthieu Villegente, Philippe Marmey, Claudette Job, Marc Galland, Gwendal Cueff, Béatrice Godin, Loïc Rajjou, Thierry Balliau, Michel Zivy, Bruno Fogliani, Valérie Sarramegna-Burtet and Dominique Job
Proteomes 2017, 5(3), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/proteomes5030019 - 28 Jul 2017
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5243
Abstract
Desiccation tolerance allows plant seeds to remain viable in a dry state for years and even centuries. To reveal potential evolutionary processes of this trait, we have conducted a shotgun proteomic analysis of isolated embryo and endosperm from mature seeds of Amborella trichopoda [...] Read more.
Desiccation tolerance allows plant seeds to remain viable in a dry state for years and even centuries. To reveal potential evolutionary processes of this trait, we have conducted a shotgun proteomic analysis of isolated embryo and endosperm from mature seeds of Amborella trichopoda, an understory shrub endemic to New Caledonia that is considered to be the basal extant angiosperm. The present analysis led to the characterization of 415 and 69 proteins from the isolated embryo and endosperm tissues, respectively. The role of these proteins is discussed in terms of protein evolution and physiological properties of the rudimentary, underdeveloped, Amborella embryos, notably considering that the acquisition of desiccation tolerance corresponds to the final developmental stage of mature seeds possessing large embryos. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Proteomics 2017)
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164 KiB  
Editorial
Editorial for Special Issue: Approaches to Top-Down Proteomics: In Honour of Prof. Patrick H. O’Farrell
by Jens Coorssen and Alfred Yergey
Proteomes 2017, 5(3), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/proteomes5030018 - 24 Jul 2017
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3141
Abstract
Presaging the current discipline of Proteomics, Prof Patrick H. O’Farrell recognized the critical need for detailed protein analyses to dissect and thereby understand molecular mechanisms. [...]
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592 KiB  
Review
Tissue Specific Labeling in Proteomics
by Evelyn Ramberger and Gunnar Dittmar
Proteomes 2017, 5(3), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/proteomes5030017 - 18 Jul 2017
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 7196
Abstract
Mass spectrometry-based proteomics is a powerful tool for identifying and quantifying proteins in biological samples. While it is routinely used for the characterization of simple cell line systems, the analysis of the cell specific proteome in multicellular organisms and tissues poses a significant [...] Read more.
Mass spectrometry-based proteomics is a powerful tool for identifying and quantifying proteins in biological samples. While it is routinely used for the characterization of simple cell line systems, the analysis of the cell specific proteome in multicellular organisms and tissues poses a significant challenge. Isolating a subset of cells from tissues requires mechanical and biochemical separation or sorting, a process which can alter cellular signaling, and thus, the composition of the proteome. Recently, several approaches for cell selective labeling of proteins, that include bioorthogonal amino acids, biotinylating enzymes, and genetic tools, have been developed. These tools facilitate the selective labeling of proteins, their interactome, or of specific cell types within a tissue or an organism, while avoiding the difficult and contamination-prone biochemical separation of cells from the tissue. In this review, we give an overview of existing techniques and their application in cell culture models and whole animals. Full article
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1299 KiB  
Article
Exogenous Auxin Elicits Changes in the Arabidopsis thaliana Root Proteome in a Time-Dependent Manner
by William O. Slade, W. Keith Ray, Sherry B. Hildreth, Brenda S. J. Winkel and Richard F. Helm
Proteomes 2017, 5(3), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/proteomes5030016 - 10 Jul 2017
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4578
Abstract
Auxin is involved in many aspects of root development and physiology, including the formation of lateral roots. Improving our understanding of how the auxin response is mediated at the protein level over time can aid in developing a more complete molecular framework of [...] Read more.
Auxin is involved in many aspects of root development and physiology, including the formation of lateral roots. Improving our understanding of how the auxin response is mediated at the protein level over time can aid in developing a more complete molecular framework of the process. This study evaluates the effects of exogenous auxin treatment on the Arabidopsis root proteome after exposure of young seedlings to auxin for 8, 12, and 24 h, a timeframe permitting the initiation and full maturation of individual lateral roots. Root protein extracts were processed to peptides, fractionated using off-line strong-cation exchange, and analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography and data independent acquisition-based mass spectrometry. Protein abundances were then tabulated using label-free techniques and evaluated for significant changes. Approximately 2000 proteins were identified during the time course experiment, with the number of differences between the treated and control roots increasing over the 24 h time period, with more proteins found at higher abundance with exposure to auxin than at reduced abundance. Although the proteins identified and changing in levels at each time point represented similar biological processes, each time point represented a distinct snapshot of the response. Auxin coordinately regulates many physiological events in roots and does so by influencing the accumulation and loss of distinct proteins in a time-dependent manner. Data are available via ProteomeXchange with the identifier PXD001400. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Proteomics 2017)
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5048 KiB  
Article
Retrospective Proteomic Screening of 100 Breast Cancer Tissues
by Ida Pucci-Minafra, Gianluca Di Cara, Rosa Musso, Patrizia Cancemi, Nadia Ninfa Albanese, Elena Roz and Salvatore Minafra
Proteomes 2017, 5(3), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/proteomes5030015 - 07 Jul 2017
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 6392
Abstract
The present investigation has been conducted on one hundred tissue fragments of breast cancer, collected and immediately cryopreserved following the surgical resection. The specimens were selected from patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, the most frequent and potentially aggressive type of [...] Read more.
The present investigation has been conducted on one hundred tissue fragments of breast cancer, collected and immediately cryopreserved following the surgical resection. The specimens were selected from patients with invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, the most frequent and potentially aggressive type of mammary cancer, with the objective to increase the knowledge of breast cancer molecular markers potentially useful for clinical applications. The proteomic screening; by 2D-IPG and mass spectrometry; allowed us to identify two main classes of protein clusters: proteins expressed ubiquitously at high levels in all patients; and proteins expressed sporadically among the same patients. Within the group of ubiquitous proteins, glycolytic enzymes and proteins with anti-apoptotic activity were predominant. Among the sporadic ones, proteins involved in cell motility, molecular chaperones and proteins involved in the detoxification appeared prevalent. The data of the present study indicates that the primary tumor growth is reasonably supported by concurrent events: the inhibition of apoptosis and stimulation of cellular proliferation, and the increased expression of glycolytic enzymes with multiple functions. The second phase of the evolution of the tumor can be prematurely scheduled by the occasional presence of proteins involved in cell motility and in the defenses of the oxidative stress. We suggest that this approach on large-scale 2D-IPG proteomics of breast cancer is currently a valid tool that offers the opportunity to evaluate on the same assay the presence and recurrence of individual proteins, their isoforms and short forms, to be proposed as prognostic indicators and susceptibility to metastasis in patients operated on for invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cancer Proteomics)
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Article
Comparison between Proteome and Transcriptome Response in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Leaves Following Potato Virus Y (PVY) Infection
by Tjaša Stare, Katja Stare, Wolfram Weckwerth, Stefanie Wienkoop and Kristina Gruden
Proteomes 2017, 5(3), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/proteomes5030014 - 06 Jul 2017
Cited by 33 | Viewed by 6331
Abstract
Plant diseases caused by viral infection are affecting all major crops. Being an obligate intracellular organisms, chemical control of these pathogens is so far not applied in the field except to control the insect vectors of the viruses. Understanding of molecular responses of [...] Read more.
Plant diseases caused by viral infection are affecting all major crops. Being an obligate intracellular organisms, chemical control of these pathogens is so far not applied in the field except to control the insect vectors of the viruses. Understanding of molecular responses of plant immunity is therefore economically important, guiding the enforcement of crop resistance. To disentangle complex regulatory mechanisms of the plant immune responses, understanding system as a whole is a must. However, integrating data from different molecular analysis (transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, smallRNA regulation etc.) is not straightforward. We evaluated the response of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) following the infection with potato virus Y (PVY). The response has been analyzed on two molecular levels, with microarray transcriptome analysis and mass spectroscopy-based proteomics. Within this report, we performed detailed analysis of the results on both levels and compared two different approaches for analysis of proteomic data (spectral count versus MaxQuant). To link the data on different molecular levels, each protein was mapped to the corresponding potato transcript according to StNIB paralogue grouping. Only 33% of the proteins mapped to microarray probes in a one-to-one relation and additionally many showed discordance in detected levels of proteins with corresponding transcripts. We discussed functional importance of true biological differences between both levels and showed that the reason for the discordance between transcript and protein abundance lies partly in complexity and structure of biological regulation of proteome and transcriptome and partly in technical issues contributing to it. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Proteomics in Plant–Environment Interactions)
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