Universe, Volume 7, Issue 7

Background independence is often emphasized as an important property of a quantum theory of gravity that takes seriously the geometrical nature of general relativity. In a background-independent formulation, quantum gravity should determine not only...

Sensitive magneto-optical polarimetry was proposed by E. Iacopini and E. Zavattini in 1979 to detect vacuum electrodynamic non-linearity, in particular Vacuum Magnetic Birefringence (VMB). This process is predicted in QED via the fluctuation of elect...

New spherically symmetric solution in 4D Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet gravity coupled with nonlinear electrodynamics is obtained. At infinity, this solution has the Reissner–Nordström behavior of the charged black hole. The black hole thermodynamics, entrop...

We review recent developments in the study of the AdS/CFT correspondence in lower dimensions. We start by summarising the classification of AdS${}_3\times {\mathrm{S}}^2$ solutions in massive type IIA supergravity with (0, 4) supersymmetries and the construction of their 2...

The fractal properties of geomagnetic northward component data (H-component) in the equatorial region during various phases of solar activity over Southeast Asia were investigated and then quantified using the parameter of the Hurst exponent (H). Thi...

We discuss a possibility that the so-called reactor antineutrino anomaly (RAA), which is a deficit of the ${\overline{\nu }}_e$ rates in the reactor experiments in comparison to the theoretical expectations, can at least in part be explained by applying a quantum fiel...

We reviewed the recent developments in the study of conformal field theories in generic space time dimensions using the methods of the conformal bootstrap, in its analytic aspect. These techniques are solely based on symmetries, particularly on the a...

Stellar dust grains are predominantly composed of mineralic, anorganic material forming in the circumstellar envelopes of oxygen-rich AGB stars. However, the initial stage of the dust synthesis, or its nucleation, is not well understood. In particula...

In a spatially flat Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker background space, we consider a scalar-torsion gravitational model which has similar properties to the dilaton theory. This teleparallel model is invariant under a discrete transformation simila...

The high-mass X-ray binary LS I +61°303 is detected across the electromagnetic spectrum from radio until the very high energy $\gamma$-ray regime. The emission is not only highly variable on many time scales, but is also periodic at all observed wavelengths...

For an effective field theory in the background of an evaporating black hole with spherical symmetry, we consider non-renormalizable interactions and their relevance to physical effects. The background geometry is determined by the semi-classical Ein...

PSR B1259-63 is a gamma-ray binary system hosting a radio pulsar orbiting around a O9.5Ve star, LS 2883, with a period of ∼3.4 years. The interaction of the pulsar wind with the LS 2883 outflow leads to unpulsed broadband emission in the radio, X-ray...

We check the capability of the DUNE neutrino experiment to detect new sources of leptonic CP violation beside the single phase expected in the Standard Model. We illustrate our strategy based on the measurement of CP asymmetries in the case that new...

Current AGB stellar models provide an adequate description of the s-process nucleosynthesis that occurs. Nonetheless, they still suffer from many uncertainties related to the modeling of the ${}^{13}\mathrm{C}$ pocket formation and the adopted nuclear reaction rates...

In this paper, we investigate the simplest wormhole solution—the Ellis–Bronnikov one—in the context of the asymptotically safe gravity (ASG) at the Planck scale. We work with three models, which employ the Ricci scalar, Kretschmann scalar, and square...

The Casimir And Non-Newtonian force EXperiment (Cannex) implements the unique geometry of macroscopic plane parallel plates that guarantees an optimum sensitivity with respect to interfacial forces and their gradients. Based on experience from the re...

In recent years, the absence of experimental evidence for searches dedicated to dark matter has triggered the development of new ideas on the nature of this entity, which manifests at the cosmological level. Some of these can be explored by small exp...

We give an overview of the work done during the past ten years on the Casimir interaction in electronic topological materials, our focus being solids, which possess surface or bulk electronic band structures with nontrivial topologies, which can be e...

This paper comprises the theoretical background for the data analysis of gravitational waves (GWs) from spinning neutron stars in Brans–Dicke (BD) theory. Einstein’s general theory of relativity (GR) predicts only two tensor polarization states, but...

Background: Most of the stars in the Universe will end their evolution by losing their envelope during the thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch (TP-AGB) phase, enriching the interstellar medium of galaxies with heavy elements, partially condense...

In this paper, we present a review of some recent results concerning the thermal corrections to the Casimir energy of massless scalar, electromagnetic, and massless spinor fields in the Einstein and closed Friedmann universes with a cosmic string. In...

General Relativity resembles a very elegant crystal glass: If we touch its principles, that is, its Lagrangian, there is a risk of breaking everything. Or, if we will, it is like a short blanket: Curing some problems creates new problems. This paper...

Borexino is a 280-ton liquid scintillator detector located at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso in Italy. Since the start of its data-taking in May 2007, it has provided several measurements of low-energy neutrinos from various sources. At the...

We investigate the possibility of gravitationally generated particle production via the mechanism of nonminimal torsion–matter coupling. An intriguing feature of this theory is that the divergence of the matter energy–momentum tensor does not vanish...

We numerically investigate the propagation of plane gravitational waves in the form of an initial boundary value problem with de Sitter initial data. The full non-linear Einstein equations with positive cosmological constant $\lambda$ are written in the Frie...

We dwell upon certain points concerning the meaning of quantum field theory: the problems with the perturbative approach, and the question raised by ’t Hooft of the existence of the theory in a well-defined (rigorous) mathematical sense, as well as s...

In Italy, INFN coordinates the research in the field of astro-particle physics. The supported experimental activities include the study of the cosmic radiation, the search of gravitational waves, the study of dark universe, general and quantum physic...

The principles of the electromagnetic fluctuation-induced phenomena such as Casimir forces are well understood. However, recent experimental advances require universal and efficient methods to compute these forces. While several approaches have been...

Current observations indicate that, on a large enough scale, the universe is homogeneous and isotropic. However, this does not preclude the possibility of some anisotropy having occurred during the early stages of the evolution of the universe, which...

A.D. Sakharov’s legacy in now standard model of the Universe is not reduced to baryosynthesis but extends to the foundation of cosmoparticle physics, which studies the fundamental relationship of cosmology and particle physics. Development of cosmopa...

One of the most promising ways to probe intergalactic magnetic fields (IGMFs) is through gamma rays produced in electromagnetic cascades initiated by high-energy gamma rays or cosmic rays in the intergalactic space. Because the charged component of t...

We employ neural networks for classification of data of the TUS fluorescence telescope, the world’s first orbital detector of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. We focus on two particular types of signals in the TUS data: track-like flashes produced by c...

We present a new approach to searching for Continuous gravitational Waves (CWs) emitted by isolated rotating neutron stars, using the high parallel computing efficiency and computational power of modern Graphic Processing Units (GPUs). Specifically,...

In this paper, we consider the vacuum energy of a scalar field in the spacetime of two non-parallel cosmic strings. To this end, we obtain metrics for orthogonal straight cosmic strings and for slightly nonparallel strings. In the first case, we deri...

We analyze the issue of dynamical evolution and time in quantum cosmology. We emphasize the problem of choice of phase space variables that can play the role of a time parameter in such a way that for expectation values of quantum operators the class...

The intrinsic spectra of some distant blazars known as “extreme TeV blazars” have shown a hint at an anomalous hardening in the TeV energy region. Several extragalactic propagation models have been proposed to explain this possible excess transparenc...

We employ non-perturbative renormalisation group methods to compute the full momentum dependence of propagators in quantum gravity in general dimensions. We disentangle all different graviton and Faddeev–Popov ghost modes and find qualitative differe...

For the last 10 years, the search for dark matter (DM) was carried out taking into account the fact that the DM particles are WIMPs (Weakly Interacted Massive Particles) which were introduced in supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model. Many e...

Bayesian statistics and Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms have found their place in the field of Cosmology. They have become important mathematical and numerical tools, especially in parameter estimation and model comparison. In this paper,...

The number of gamma-ray binaries currently known is still so small that even a new finding represents a significant expansion of its population. We present a possible hunting strategy based on screening different catalogs to filter potential peculiar...

Neutrinoless double beta decay ($0\nu \beta \beta$) is a posited lepton number violating decay whose search is an increasingly active field in modern astroparticle physics. A discovery would imply neutrinos are Majorana particles and inform neutrino physics, cosmo...

Recently, astronomy has witnessed great advancements in detectors and telescopes. Imaging data collected by these instruments are organized into very large datasets that form data-oriented astronomy. The imaging data contain many radio galaxies (RGs)...

Galaxy groups host the majority of matter and more than half of all the galaxies in the Universe. Their hot (${10}^7$ K), X-ray emitting intra-group medium (IGrM) reveals emission lines typical of many elements synthesized by stars and supernovae. Because...

Galaxy groups are more than an intermediate scale between clusters and halos hosting individual galaxies, they are crucial laboratories capable of testing a range of astrophysics from how galaxies form and evolve to large scale structure (LSS) statis...

The process of resonant high-energy electron–positron pairs production by electrons in an X-ray pulsar electromagnetic field is studied theoretically. Under the resonance conditions, the second-order process under consideration effectively reduces in...

We consider the scalar bremsstrahlung of the spinless relativistic particle, which interacts with infinitely thin cosmic string by linearized gravity. With the iterational scheme, based on the Perturbaion Theory with respect to the Newtonian constant...

In a recent paper, we have a shown that the flattening of galactic rotation curves can be explained by retardation. However, this will rely on a temporal change of galactic mass. In our previous work, we kept only second order terms of the retardatio...

The extension of the standard model with a multiplicative $U{\left(1\right)}_R$ factor is consistent with a light vector boson. In its simplest realization, only right-handed particles carry charges of the new group. In this model, there is a residual ${\tau }_{3R}$ symmetry a...

The objective of the present paper is to investigate an almost-pseudo-Ricci symmetric FRW spacetime with a constant Ricci scalar in a dynamic cosmological term $\Lambda \left(t\right)$ and equation of state (EoS) $\omega \left(t\right)$ scenario. Several cosmological parameters are calcul...